The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Germany contracted 0.20 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Germany GDP Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2023, the German economy shrunk by 0.3 percent. This was due to persistently high inflation that was triggered by the start of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022. For 2024 and 2025, the economy is predicted to begin growing again.

In 2023, Germany's real gross domestic product fell by around 0.26 percent compared to the previous year. Keeping it real Real gross domestic product is, by definition, a measure of the value of economic output adjusted for inflation. While nominal gross domestic product (GDP), often only referred to as gross domestic product, reflects the state of a country’s economy including everything produced by the inhabitants within the country, real GDP is a more precise measurement of economic growth since it takes price change into account. Germany’s race to the topGermany’s social market economy is one of the largest worldwide and continues to thrive. One of the strongest industries in Germany is car manufacturing: Several German vehicle manufacturers, like Daimler, Volkswagen, or BMW, are among the major global market players and have brought in billions of euros in revenue in the past years, fueling the economy for years to come.

For 2023, the Association of German Chambers of Commerce and Industry forecasts a shrink in the gross domestic product of 0.5 percent compared to 2022. Due to rising commodity and energy prices triggered by the Russia-Ukraine war, business expectations for 2022 are subdued. High inflation rates negatively affect consumer sentiment and influence the business situation of German companies. Two years earlier, in 2020, the corona pandemic and the lockdown caused economic output to collapse massively.

Key information about Germany Nominal GDP Growth

• Germany Nominal GDP Growth was reported at 2.271 % in Dec 2024.
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.436 % for Sep 2024.
• Germany Nominal GDP Growth data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.567 % from Mar 1961 to Dec 2024, with 256 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 24.978 % in Jun 1991 and a record low of -8.152 % in Jun 2020.
• Germany Nominal GDP Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Nominal GDP: Y-o-Y Growth: Quarterly: Seasonally Adjusted.

In 2018, Germany’s GDP peaked at around four billion U.S. dollars, the highest GDP the country has reported in decades. It is predicted to grow towards 5.57 billion by 2029. Germany has the fourth-largest GDP in the world, after the United States, China, and Japan. The national debt of Germany has steadily been falling since 2012 and is now about a quarter of the size of Japan’s and half that of the United States. Development of GDP per capita Gross domestic product per capita in Germany has been increasing since 2015 and experienced its last period of decline between the mid-nineties and early noughties. In 2001, GDP per capita was the lowest it had been since the early nineties, but more than doubled by the time of the financial crisis in 2008. GDP per capita fluctuated throughout the subsequent decade, before reaching around 48,000 U.S. dollars in 2018. Largest economic sectors The service sector generates the highest share of GDP in Germany at nearly 70 percent. Finance and telecommunications are a large part of the service sector, as well as tourism – including hospitality and accommodation. Roughly a quarter of GDP currently comes from the production industry, not including construction. Agriculture, fishing, and forestry make up less than one percent.

Graph and download economic data for Real Gross Domestic Product for Germany (CLVMNACNSAB1GQDE) from Q1 1991 to Q4 2024 about Germany, real, and GDP.

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal. There is also a consolidated country dataset on HDX.

Economic growth is central to economic development. When national income grows, real people benefit. While there is no known formula for stimulating economic growth, data can help policy-makers better understand their countries' economic situations and guide any work toward improvement. Data here covers measures of economic growth, such as gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national income (GNI). It also includes indicators representing factors known to be relevant to economic growth, such as capital stock, employment, investment, savings, consumption, government spending, imports, and exports.

In the second quarter of 2024, Germany's gross domestic product (GDP) continued to increase compared to the previous quarter (seasonally and calendar adjusted), at 1,070 billion euros. During the first pandemic lockdown in the third quarter of 2020, the GDP was at around 857.04 billion euros. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a recession in 2020.

Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Industry: Manufacturing data was reported at 0.905 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.616 % for 2022. Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Industry: Manufacturing data is updated yearly, averaging 1.127 % from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2023, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.512 % in 2010 and a record low of -19.810 % in 2009. Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Industry: Manufacturing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Annual growth rate for manufacturing value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2015 prices, expressed in U.S. dollars. Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 10-33. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 4.;World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.;Weighted average;Note: Data for OECD countries are based on ISIC, revision 4.

This data selection represents a thematic extract from the comprehensive study “The Growth of the German Economy since the mid-19th Century“ (“Das Wachstum der deutschen Wirtschaft seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts”) from 1965 by Walter G. Hoffmann. The main objective of Hoffmann’s study is to work out statistical figures concerning the long-term development of the German national economy, as well as the individual fields of this subject area. In doing so, the time series shall enable the verification of various hypotheses concerning economic growth. This aim, however, can only be reached if such time series are based on comparable statistical, methodical, and content-related concepts, and if they are collected for a period with maximum length. Consequently, this data selection comprises more than 800 pages with 250 tables, featuring almost every time series between 1850 and 1960 that can be considered relevant for the economic development. Whenever necessary, these materials were completed by estimates. Moreover, the above-named analyses of long-term tendencies aim at creating a reference system for the numerous short-term changes occuring within most national economies in the course of a century. Here the special focus of Hoffman’s work lies on the visualisation of the gained materials as regards the raise, distribution, and use of the national income. The respective calculation is based on the two production factors of labour and capital and culminates in an overview of production. The calculation of the distribution, on the other hand, deals with the functional and individual, i.e. personal distribution of (earned and capital) income. In its turn, the calculation of use is divided into the sectors of private and public consumption, investment, and the national trade balance.

Topics

Timeseries data available via the downloadsystem HISTAT

Data excerpt: Private and public Consumption (from the final expenditure compilation, the following factors have been taken into consideration):

(A) Total Consumption: - Consumption of vegetable foodstuffs - Consumption of foodstuffs obtained from livestock farming - Consumption of vegetable foodstuffs in prices of 1913 - Consumption of foodstuffs obtained from livestock farming and the total consumption of foodstuffs in prices of 1913 - Consumption of vegetable foodstuffs in current prices - Consumption of foodstuffs obtained from livestock farming and the total consumption of foodstuffs in current prices - Consumption of luxury foodstuffs - Consumption of luxury foodstuffs in prices of 1913 - Consumption of luxury foodstuffs in current prices - Consumption of ohter goods and services in prices of 1913 - Consumption of ohter goods and services in current prices

(B) Public Consumption: - Administration expenses in current prices - Public consumption in current prices - Public consumption in prices of 1913 - Public expenses for education in current prices

(C) Private Consumption - Private expenditures and private consumption for health care, personal hygiene and cleaning in prices of 1913 - Hispitals - Private expenditures and private consumption for health care, personal hygiene and cleaning in current prices - Onther consumption of education and recreation in prices of 1913 - Expenditures for education and recreation in current prices - Use of automobiles for private consumption - Purchase of automobiles for private consumption - Private consumption of traffic services in prices of 1913 - Private consumption of traffic services in current prices - Total private consumption in prices of 1913 - Total private consumption in current prices

This data selection represents a thematic extract from the comprehensive study “The Growth of the German Economy since the mid-19th Century“ (“Das Wachstum der deutschen Wirtschaft seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts”) from 1965 by Walter G. Hoffmann. The main objective of Hoffmann’s study is to work out statistical figures concerning the long-term development of the German national economy, as well as the individual fields of this subject area. In doing so, the time series shall enable the verification of various hypotheses concerning economic growth. This aim, however, can only be reached if such time series are based on comparable statistical, methodical, and content-related concepts, and if they are collected for a period with maximum length. Consequently, this data selection comprises more than 800 pages with 250 tables, featuring almost every time series between 1850 and 1960 that can be considered relevant for the economic development. Whenever necessary, these materials were completed by estimates. Moreover, the above-named analyses of long-term tendencies aim at creating a reference system for the numerous short-term changes occuring within most national economies in the course of a century. Here the special focus of Hoffman’s work lies on the visualisation of the gained materials as regards the raise, distribution, and use of the national income. The respective calculation is based on the two production factors of labour and capital and culminates in an overview of production. The calculation of the distribution, on the other hand, deals with the functional and individual, i.e. personal distribution of (earned and capital) income. In its turn, the calculation of use is divided into the sectors of private and public consumption, investment, and the national trade balance.

Topics

Timeseries data available via the downloadsystem HISTAT

Data excerpt: foreign trade, balance of payments (from final expenditure compilation, the following factors have been taken into consideration):

• Die Exporte in laufenden Preisen (1880-1960)
• Die Exporte an einzelnen Waren und Warengruppen in laufenden Preisen (1880-1960)
• Die Importe in laufenden Preisen (1880-1960)
• Die Importe an einzelnen Waren und Warengruppen in laufenden Preisen (1880-1960)
• Die Indizes der Exportvolumen (1836-1960)
• Die Indizes der Exportvolumen für einzeln Waren (1836-1960)
• Die Indizes der Importvolumen (1836-1960
• Die Indizes der Importvolumen für einzelne Waren (1836-1960)
• Die Zahlungsbilanz in laufenden Preisen (1880-1913)
• Die Zahlungsbilanz in laufenden Preisen (1925-1935)
• Die Leistungsbilanz in Preisen von 1913 (1880-1913)
• Die Zahlungsbilanz in Preisen von 1913 (1925-1935)

Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income data was reported at 2.071 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of -4.726 % for 2020. Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income data is updated yearly, averaging 2.231 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2021, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.558 % in 1990 and a record low of -4.726 % in 2020. Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Adjusted Net National Income data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.;World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in World Bank's 'The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium' (2011).;Weighted average;

In 2023, the GDP of the United States increased by about 2.5 percent compared to the previous year. This comes amid high nflation rates globally, and countries such as Argentina and Germany even experiencing economic decline. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator to measure the economic strength of a country.

The study deals with the reconstruction of German secular economic trends associated with a data-compilation of historical time series concerning the economic development.

Index of tables in HISTAT (On-line Database ´Historical Statistics´):

• Population Development in Germany (1200-2002)
• Emigration from Germany (1820-2002)
• Live Birth and deceased per 1000 Inhabitants in Germany (1820-2000)
• Life expectancy of men and women in Germany (1871- 2001)
• Expansion rate of real GDP per capita of the population
• Real GDP per capita of population in Germany (1850-2002)
• Expansion rate of real GDP per capita of population in Germany (1851-2002)
• Hectare-output of wheat and rye in Germany (1850-2000)
• Gross-Value-Added of Primary Sector in comparison to the entire national economy (1850-2002)
• Percental share of Gross-Value-Added of Primary Sector in the entire Gross-Value-Added of national economy (1850 -2002)
• Price index of living costs and actual earnings in England (1264-1953)
• Employees in Germany (1800-2003)
• Average hours of work on a weekly basis in mining, industry and handcraft (1850-2002)
• Overall fulfilled hours of work in Germany (1850-2003)
• GDP per Capita, volume of work and average hours of work per week(1850-2002)
• Index of real wages in Germany (1810-2002)
• Unemployment rate in Germany (1887-2002)
• Percentage of employees in primary, secondary and tertiary sector of total employment (1800-2003)
• Capital stock in Germany (1850-2000)
• Netinvestment in Germany (1850-2002)
• Netinvestment rate in Germany (1850-2003)
• Index of capital intensity and of labour productivity (GDP per capita) in Germany (1850-2001)
• Return on capital in Germany (1850-1998)
• Capital ratio in Germany (1850-2000)
• Total Factorproductivity in Germany (1870-1999)
• Education rates in Germany and in USA (1870-1992)
• Number of grants in Germany (1812-2003) and in USA (1791-2000)

This study aims at an empirical verification of the historical importance of the German railways on the basis of new quantitative data with respect to the development of the transport system. In this process, older sources which had been widely neglected have been utilised and regrouped.
Within the scope of a leading sector analysis, this study focuses on the mechanism of a continuos industrialisation within the railway sector using the example of Germany. Thereby the theoretical conceptions concerning the economic growth constitute a suitable analytic frame to derive the systematic background for the collection and presentation of the quantitative data materials on the German railway sector. In this respect, the choice of quantifying variables aims at a selective verification of relevant facts in connection with growth-related theories. In conclusion, the author explains the Industrial Revolution in Germany as a growth process fuelled by individual sectors. “The highest aim should consist in a synthesis of economic theories and history in order to allow historians, on the other hand, to gain a deeper insight into the course of the Industrial Revolution in Germany resulting from explicit research objectives and hypotheses; on the other hand, a thorough re-examination of certain hypothesises which have not been proved empirically should enable and incite theoretical researchers studying national economies to deliver newly revised analyses in this field.” (Fremdling [1985], S. 1). By means of a connection between explicit questions and hypotheses gained from economic theory and the above-named systematically compiled data, this study examines the contribution of the railway sector to the industrialisation of Germany, e.g. the importance of the passenger traffic, the enormous expansion of the railway net in the course of the 1840s, and the strong impact of the railway industry on the national economy. Indeed, these factors resulted in the fact that – according to Rainer Fremdling’s findings – the contribution of the railway construction to the development of the heavy industry in Germany has been far greater than e.g. in Great Britain or the US. Furthermore, this study pursues the important question about the importance of the governmental influence concerning the industrialisation in Germany. For instance, the study reveals the fact that military conceptions concerning the expansion of the railway net were definitely only of minor importance. Quite on the contrary, the study clarifies that governmental interventions were more or less an obstacle to the development and extension of the railway system in its founding phase. Among others, Fremdling’s study contains the following important conclusions: (a) The Industrial Revolution in Germany should be considered as a growth process in accordance with the development pattern of the so-called “unbalanced growth” with the railway system as a primary growth factor. (b) In Germany, the railway system has to be regarded as a “ground-breaking” force to boost the economic growth in the 19th century. Topics: List of data tables within the HISTAT research and download system: 01. Average annual growth rates of the output of the German railways (1841-1913) 02. Passenger services and goods traffic as carried out by the German and Prussian railways (1840-1879) 03. Goods traffic carried out by the German railways (1880-1913) 04. The passenger transport by German railways (1880-1913) 05. Profits resulting from the passenger and goods traffic by the German and Prussian railways (1840-1879) 06. Proportion of the employees in the railway sector (construction and operation) as compared to the national economy, and in comparison to the other sectors in Germany (1849-1879) 07. Work force and their income in the German railway services (1840-1879) 08. Work force and their income in the Prussian railway services (1840-1879) 09. Proportion of the value creation in the railway sector as compared to the German national economy/trade and industry (1850-1879) 10. Value creation of German and Prussian railways at the respective contemporary prices (1840-1879) 11. The capital stock of the German and Prussian railways as compared to the related purchase prices (investment capital) between 1840 and 1879 12. Capital stock as compared to the purchase prices (investment capital) and work force of the German railway system (1880-1913) 13. Proportion of the capital stock of the railway services at purchase prices as compared to the national economy/trade and industry (1850-1913) 14. The net investment of the German and Prussian railways at the respective contemporary prices (1841-1879) 14. The expenditure of the German and Prussian railways at the respective contemporary prices (1841-1879) 16. Proportion of the net investment of the railway sector as compared to the national economy/trade and industry in Germany (1851-1879) 17. Productivity, output, and input of the German railway services...

The current growing interest in the growth of the Western European economies between the end of World War II and the first oil crisis of 1973 is primarily due to the end of the Cold War and the subsequent demand for solutions for the economic problems of Central and Eastern European transition countries. It was and is discussed to what extent we could learn from the successful rebuilding of the Western European economies. In this context one area of special interest is the reconstruction of West Germany, closely accompanied by the principle of the social market economy. The recollection of this principle, and the call for a new Marshall Plan imply the idea that the Western European post-war boom in essence can be traced to a successful economic policy. It is shown how this assumption can stand up to a theoretical and empirical analysis. Using the new growth theory and the cointegration analysis both national (eg social market economy and Planification (i.e. macroeconomic framework development planning)) and international explanations (eg the Marshall Plan) of the so called ‘golden age’ are examined. It turns out that the impact of economic policies on economic growth must be put into perspective. In contrast, the importance of the different economic conditions of the countries for the explication of their growth process is underlined.

Variables, inter alia: - Investment behavior of industry - Production and Export industry - Exchange Rates - Structure of the economies

Data focus: Foreign trade structure, external value (foreign wholesale prices), export volume, industrial production, capital stock, long-term development (income, investment rates, openness, exchange rates), patents (patent applications in Germany, France).

List of tables in the database HISTAT ZA: - Investment rates in four European countries (1880-1995) - Net fixed assets of the industry in Germany (1950-1968) - Sectoral Gross capital expenditures in Germany (1960-1976) - Sectoral Gross investment in France (1949-1965) - Export volume index of France and the Federal Republic of Germany (1950-1973) - Export volume in millions of current U.S. dollars (1951-1990) - Weighted exchange rate index in indirect rate (1950-1973) - Index of industrial production in Europe and North America (1950-1973) - Construction and equipment investment in Germany (1950-1968) - Investment rates in four European countries (1880-1995) - Sectoral gross and net capital stock in France (1950-1970) - Sectoral gross and net capital stock, investment in France (1950-1969) - Percentage of the French colonies in the French total exports (1950-1973) - Openness of four European economies (1880-1994) - Annual patent applications in the United States (1963-1995) - Real per capita income in Europe and the United States (1870-1992) - Regional structure of the French export value (1896-1973) - French sector gross investment (1960-1976) - Exchange rates in four European countries (1891-1995)

Territory of investigation: Germany, France, further OECD-states.

Sources: Publications of the official French and German statistics, publications of the OECD, USA and further states; scientific journals.

GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Gross Fixed Capital Formation data was reported at -1.205 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.199 % for 2022. Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Gross Fixed Capital Formation data is updated yearly, averaging 2.080 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2023, with 53 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.996 % in 1990 and a record low of -9.665 % in 2009. Germany DE: GDP: Growth: Gross Fixed Capital Formation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Average annual growth of gross fixed capital formation based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2015 prices, expressed in U.S. dollars. Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 2008 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.;World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.;Weighted average;

This data selection represents a thematic extract from the comprehensive study “The Growth of the German Economy since the mid-19th Century“ (“Das Wachstum der deutschen Wirtschaft seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts”) from 1965 by Walter G. Hoffmann.

The main objective of Hoffmann’s study is to work out statistical figures concerning the long-term development of the German national economy, as well as the individual fields of this subject area. In doing so, the time series shall enable the verification of various hypotheses concerning economic growth.

This aim, however, can only be reached if such time series are based on comparable statistical, methodical, and content-related concepts, and if they are collected for a period with maximum length. Consequently, this data selection comprises more than 800 pages with 250 tables, featuring almost every time series between 1850 and 1960 that can be considered relevant for the economic development. Whenever necessary, these materials were completed by estimates. Moreover, the above-named analyses of long-term tendencies aim at creating a reference system for the numerous short-term changes occuring within most national economies in the course of a century.

The special focus of Hoffman’s work lies on the visualisation of the gained materials as regards the raise, distribution, and use of the national income. The respective calculation is based on the two production factors of labour and capital and culminates in an overview of production. The calculation of the distribution, on the other hand, deals with the functional and individual, i.e. personal distribution of (earned and capital) income. In its turn, the calculation of use is divided into the sectors of private and public consumption, investment, and the national trade balance.

Topics

Timeseries Data available via the downloadsystem HISTAT

Date excerpt: The Production of Industry and Handcraft (from the calculation of the raised income, ´Aufbringungsrechnung´).

The following indices (1913 = 100) have been taken into consideration:

• Procuction of Nonmetallic Mineral Processing Industry (´Steine und Erden´);
• Metal Production;
• Production of metalworking industry;
• Production of chemicla industry;
• Production of textile industry;
• Production of leatherworking and clothing industry;
• Production of food and luxury foodstuff industry;
• Production of electric power stations and gasworks;
• Total production of industry and handcraft.