This statistic shows the average annual change in real GDP per capita in the United States from President Hoover to Obama, as of 2011. The biggest economic growth happened during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. The Real Gross Domestic Product per capita increased by 5.25 percent each year.

Additional information on President Barack Obama’s first term economic policy performance

“It’s the economy, stupid” as the now famous saying by former President Bill Clinton goes is often used to demonstrate the importance continuants place on the economy’s performance. Appointed to President of the United States in 2008, President Obama entered the job in the early stages of a global economic crisis. The unemployment rate in the United States since 1990 demonstrates that Obama oversaw a reduction in unemployment rate since an initially sharp increase to over 9 percent in 2009 and 2010. Prior to the reduction, public approval of President Obama and the Republicans in congress in handling the economy shows that the public’s trust in Obama waned from 61 percent in February 2009 to 42 percent in November 2011. The fluctuation of America’s economy meant that Obama’s first term saw him reach an average of 76 thousand private sector jobs created per month as of June 2012, leaving him sixth in private sector job creation on the list of post-war presidents.

As leader of the most economically influential country on the planet, praise and criticism of Obama’s economic performance is also a global issue. In 2012, opinion on Obama’s management of global economic issues by country demonstrates the variety in opinion held in and across countries. While countries such as Britain and Germany whose economies appeared to be recovering held Obama’s economic policy in a positive light, opinion was more negative in Egypt and Greece were the economic situation was less optimistic.

In 2023 the real gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States increased by 2.5 percent compared to 2022. This rate of annual growth indicates a return to economy normalcy after 2020 saw a dramatic decline in the GDP growth rate due to the the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and high growth in 2021.

What does GDP growth mean?

Essentially, the annual GDP of the U.S. is the monetary value of all goods and services produced within the country over a given year. On the surface, an increase in GDP therefore means that more goods and services have been produced between one period than another. In the case of annualized GDP, it is compared to the previous year. In 2023, for example, the U.S. GDP grew 2.5 percent compared to 2022.

Countries with highest GDP growth rate

Although the United States has by far the largest GDP of any country, it does not have the highest GDP growth, nor the highest GDP at purchasing power parity. In 2021, Libya had the highest growth in GDP, growing more than 177 percent compared to 2020. Furthermore, Luxembourg had the highest GDP per capita at purchasing power parity, a better measure of living standards than nominal or real GDP.

As of the first quarter of 2025, the GDP of the U.S. fell by 0.5 percent from the fourth quarter of 2024. GDP, or gross domestic product, is effectively a count of the total goods and services produced in a country over a certain period of time. It is calculated by first adding together a country’s total consumer spending, government spending, investments and exports; and then deducting the country’s imports. The values in this statistic are the change in ‘constant price’ or ‘real’ GDP, which means this basic calculation is also adjusted to factor in the regular price changes measured by the U.S. inflation rate. Because of this adjustment, U.S. real annual GDP will differ from the U.S. 'nominal' annual GDP for all years except the baseline from which inflation is calculated. What is annualized GDP? The important thing to note about the growth rates in this statistic is that the values are annualized, meaning the U.S. economy has not actually contracted or grown by the percentage shown. For example, the fall of 29.9 percent in the second quarter of 2020 did not mean GDP is suddenly one third less than a year before. In fact, it means that if the decline seen during that quarter continued at the same rate for a full year, then GDP would decline by this amount. Annualized values can therefore exaggerate the effect of short-term economic shocks, as they only look at economic output during a limited period. This effect can be seen by comparing annualized quarterly growth rates with the annual GDP growth rates for each calendar year.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts and calculations presented in The International Economic Implications of a Second Trump Presidency, PIIE Working Paper 24-20.

If you use the data, please cite as:

McKibbin, Warwick, Megan Hogan, and Marcus Noland. 2024. The International Economic Implications of a Second Trump Presidency. PIIE Working Paper 24-20. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Key information about Tajikistan Real GDP Growth

• The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Tajikistan expanded 8.4 % YoY in Dec 2024, following a growth of 8.4 % in the previous quarter.
• Real GDP Growth YoY data in Tajikistan is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2000 to Dec 2024, with an average rate of 7.3 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 12.6 % in Sep 2004 and a record low of 2.7 % in Sep 2009.

• In the latest reports, Nominal GDP of Tajikistan reached 2.2 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 5.5 % in Mar 2023.
• GDP Per Capita in Tajikistan reached 1,131.2 USD in Dec 2022.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 37.9 % in Dec 2022.
• For Nominal GDP contributions, Investment accounted for 35.5 % in Dec 2022.
• Public Consumption accounted for 10.1 % in Dec 2022.
• Private Consumption accounted for 87.6 % in Dec 2022.

Adding to national debt is an inevitable fact of being President of the United States. The extent to which debt rises under any sitting president depends not only on the policy and spending choices they have made, but also the choices made by presidents and congresses that have come before them. Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush President Ronald Reagan increased the U.S. debt by around **** trillion U.S. dollars, or ****** percent. This is often attributed to "Reaganomics," in which Reagan implemented significant supply-side economic policies in which he reduced government regulation, cut taxes, and tightened the money supply. Spending increased under President George W. Bush in light of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. To finance the wars, President Bush chose to borrow the money, rather than use war bonds or increase taxes, unlike previous war-time presidents. Additionally, Bush introduced a number of tax cuts, and oversaw the beginning of the 2008 financial crisis. Barack Obama President Obama inherited both wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the financial crisis. The Obama administration also did not increase taxes to pay for the wars, and additionally passed expensive legislation to kickstart the economy following the economic crash, as well as the Affordable Care Act in 2010. The ACA expanded healthcare coverage to cover more than ** million more Americans through programs like Medicare and Medicaid. Though controversial at the time, more than half of Americans have a favorable view of the ACA in 2023. Additionally, he signed legislation making the W. Bush-era tax cuts permanent.

As of 2022, former President Bill Clinton was the president who created the most jobs in the United States, at **** million jobs created during his eight year term in office. Former President Ronald Reagan created the second most jobs during his term, at **** million.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in The US Revenue Implications of President Trump’s 2025 Tariffs, PIIE Briefing 25-2.

If you use the data, please cite as:

McKibbin, Warwick, and Geoffrey Shuetrim. 2025. The US Revenue Implications of President Trump’s 2025 Tariffs. PIIE Briefing 25-2. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Replication files and appendices for, "Loyalists and Switchers: Characterizing Voters’ Responses to Donald Trump’s Campaign and Presidency." Abstract: Despite characterizations of the American electorate as rooted in immovable partisan loyalties, a crucial segment of voters shift their support to or away from an incumbent president. For example, Donald Trump’s campaign won support from a slice of voters who had previously backed Barack Obama, arguably through Trump’s appeals on immigration, economic growth, populist reform, and strong leadership. Other voters rejected Trump’s rhetoric and were not persuaded by his promises. Using two original surveys, we ask what opinions and perceptions characterize voters who remained loyal in their support for or opposition to Trump from the 2016 election into his presidency, and how their views compare with the views of voters who abandoned their previous support or opposition. We find that loyalty and switching cannot be explained by demographic characteristics; instead, particular sets of attitudes on race and immigration, populism and authoritarianism, and the nation’s and their own economic well-being are all associated with loyalty to and switching from this divisive president. Our findings suggest that voters’ support for incumbents is conditioned by issue attitudes and experience; switchers’ views reveal a lot about the strengths and vulnerabilities of a president.

Question: Did a presidential election take place this year? Scale: Dichotomous.

Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP) inclined by 3.33 percent in 2020 after adjusting for inflation. This figure fell from 13.4 percent growth four years ago, which had been a reaction to sanctions lifting after the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JPCOA) regarding Iran’s nuclear program. United States president Donald Trump ended that country’s participation in the deal, imposing new sanctions.

Political influence on the economy

Political tensions have hampered the economy of Iran, keeping growth low in spite of the country’s considerable oil reserves. The effect of these sanctions becomes obvious when looking at Iran’s oil exports to Europe over the past decade. Some analysts have blamed the new sanctions for the increase in Iran’s inflation rate, as well as the currency depreciation that has accompanied it.

Iran’s options

Although Iran’s main export partners are largely in Asia, many of the transactions are carried out using U.S. dollars. Even though other means of payment are possible, some countries worry about political ramifications of continuing trade relations with Iran. Iran’s greatest strength at the moment may be its low national debt, meaning that it can borrow a substantial amount of money if it can find a willing lender. However, given the instability of the political situation worldwide and regionally, it is difficult to assume that such a borrower exists at the moment.

President meeting with Nancy Gardiner, President, Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario, October 29, 2021.

Variables identifying studies and respondents: country; election year; election type: general election or presidential election; pre-election study/post-election study; first or second round presidential election; weights; election study ID (original and TEV); respondent ID. 2. General background variables: Gender of respondent; age; age of respondent at time of election; age groups; marital status; urbanization; region; ethnicity; education; religious denomination; churchgoing frequency; religiosity; 3. Occupation and class: respondent is head of household; Erikson-Goldthorpe-Portocarero class schema occupational classification; employment in public or private sector of economy; subjective social class membership; income; union membership of respondent or family member; union; home ownership. 4. Political interest and involvement: interest in politics; interest in voting; frequency of media use (e.g., television news, daily newspapers) in general or during election campaign; timing of voting decision; political efficacy; legitimacy beliefs: Satisfaction with democracy; trust in institutions; objective and subjective political knowledge. 5. Party attachment: party membership; party identification. 6. Sympathy towards parties and their leaders: sympathy for political parties, leaders of political parties, and presidential candidates. 7. Left-right positions: Left-right self-placement; left-right placement of political parties. 8. Economic and non-economic evaluations. 9. Value dimensions: role of Christian values in society; attitudes toward the position of the family, abortion, pornography, and homosexuality; the role of religious education in schools; traditional vs. modern values in society; State: attitudes toward the state in terms of: Regulation of the market economy, size of the welfare state/public sector, privatization (privatization of health care, etc.), socialization of private enterprises, regulation of private property, level of public social insurance and benefits (replacement rates), income equality vs. the need for incentives, tax level/tax progression, and economic democracy (influence of employees/workers in companies. Authoritarian/liberal values: emphasis on law and order, strict measures against crime and criminals, size of defense forces; attitudes toward greater political and social participation and involvement in decision making versus need for efficient decision making without much involvement; attitudes toward respect for authorities. Economic growth: attitudes toward environmental protection in general; environmental protection versus economic growth; attitudes toward economic growth/high productivity; attitudes toward nuclear power; attitudes toward private motoring; speed of development of energy sources (hydroelectric, oil, etc.). Materialism/ post-materialism. Ethnicity and immigration: attitudes toward immigrants; attitudes toward foreigners; attitudes toward foreign customs practiced in own neighborhood; attitudes toward foreign religions; attitudes toward races other (than own). European integration and European Union: attitudes toward European integration in general; attitudes toward the European Union; attitudes toward EU membership; attitudes toward EU enlargement. 10. Valence issues and competence measures: indicators of two concepts of the valence question in voting: 1. importance respondents attach to the country´s problems and 2. competence attributed to political actors to solve these problems; ratings of government´s past performance on issues/policies. 11. Voting behavior: Voter turnout and voting decisions in the current election and the last election. 12. Generic and synthetic variables.

Since 1980, Europe's largest economies have consistently been France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, although the former Soviet Union's economy was the largest in the 1980s, and Russia's economy has been larger than Spain's since 2010. Since Soviet dissolution, Germany has always had the largest economy in Europe, while either France or the UK has had the second largest economy depending on the year. Italy's economy was of a relatively similar size to that of the UK and France until the mid-2000s when it started to diverge, resulting in a difference of approximately 800 billion U.S dollars by 2018. Russia's economy had overtaken both Italy and Spain's in 2012, but has fallen since 2014 due to the drop in international oil prices and the economic sanctions imposed for its annexation of Crimea - economic growth is expected to be comparatively low in Russia in the coming years due to the economic fallout of its invasion of Ukraine in 2022. In 2025, Germany, now the world's third-largest economy, was estimated at over *** trillion U.S. dollars.

The United States recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 124.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - United States Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Philippines expanded 5.50 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - Philippines GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Briefing Package: Appearance of the President of Pacific Economic Development Canada and Interim President of Prairies Economic Development Canada before the Standing Committee on Public Accounts on OAG Report 14—Regional Relief and Recovery Fund - April 7, 2022

Graph and download economic data for Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYFSGDA188S) from 1929 to 2024 about budget, federal, GDP, and USA.

In this research, we conducted a pre-post analysis. We analysed the impact of Turkey's transition to a presidential system by comparing economic and governance indicators for the pre-reform period (before 2018) and the post-reform period (2018 onwards). The analysis is based on annual data from 1996 to 2023 and focusses on key macroeconomic indicators like GDP growth, inflation, unemployment, and foreign direct investment inflows, as well as governance metrics like corruption, political stability, and government effectiveness.

Globalisation, personal values and priorities, European identity, future of the European Union, social problems and welfare, and European elections.

Topics: 1. Standard trends and attitudes towards the EU: general life satisfaction; assessment of the situation of the national and the European economy, and the world economy; assessment of the personal job situation, and the financial situation of the household; assessment of the situation on the labour market in the own country, and the situation of the environment; future expectations in the above fields; most important problems of the country and of the respondent; EU membership as a good thing; benefit from the country’s membership in the EU; development of the own country and of the EU in the right direction; trust in institutions (justice, political parties, national government, national parliament, European Union, and United Nations); positive or negative image of the EU; most important features of the EU for the respondent; more economic stability through the country’s membership in the EU and in the euro area; own voice counts in the European Union and in the own country (efficacy); understanding of the processes in the EU; voice of the own country counts in the EU; adequate consideration of national interests in EU decision-making; knowlegde of the European Parliament, the European Commission, and the European Central Bank; trust in these institutions; attitude towards a European Monetary Union; attitude towards the EU enlargement; assessment of the speed of building Europe as different in the European countries; preference for more or less decision-making at European level in the areas of: fighting unemployment, protecting social rights, ensuring economic growth, fighting organized crime and terrorism, food safety, environmental protection, health, equality between men and women, supporting agriculture, promoting democracy and world peace, cooperation in research and innovation, securing energy supply; assessment of the issue competence of the European Union in the areas mentioned above (10-step scale); preferred measures to strengthen the European Union (Split: setting different response categories). EU Presidency, only in EU 27: awareness of the current EU presidency by the Czech Republic; knowledge of the change of presidency to Sweden; only in the Czech Republic: significance of the current EU Presidency for the own country; only in Sweden: importance of the takeover of the Presidency for the own country.

1. The EU, the world, and globalisation: most important factors for the global influence of a country or of a group of countries; allocation of these factors to the EU; attitude towards globalisation (scale: opportunity for economic growth, increases social inequalities, demand for global governance); globalisation as an opportunity or a threat to national economy; EU protects its citizens from the negative effects of globalisation (Split A) or enables European citizens to better benefit from the positive effects of globalisation (Split B); assessment of the influence of the global economic situation on the national economy; comparison of the performance of the European economy with the American, Japanese, Chinese, Indian, Russian, and Brazilian economy.

2. Global governance in the context of the economic crisis, role of the EU: major actors to combat the financial and economic crisis (national government, European Union, United States, G20, IMF (International Monetary Fund)); the EU has sufficient power to defend its economic interests; preferred measures of the EU to protect citizens from the effects of the financial and economic crisis.

3. Values and priorities: attitude towards a free enterprise economy (scale: state intervenes too much in the lives of the individuals, economic growth prior to environmental protection (Split A), or environmental protection prior to economic growth (Split B), free competition is a guarantee of prosperity); attitude towards a devaluation of the significance of material values; desire for increased development of new technologies; preferred orientation of the national society to meet global challenges; preferred speed for social change (in small steps, or in rapid radical action); financial priorities of the respondent (e.g., paying bills, saving for retirement, or for emergencies); salary, security, or professional interest as the main criteria for work.

4. Human rights: aspects of human rights that should be...