United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data was reported at 2.621 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.221 % for 2014. United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data is updated yearly, averaging 2.335 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2015, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.456 % in 1999 and a record low of -1.772 % in 2009. United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Annual growth rate for value added in services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average; Note: Data for OECD countries are based on ISIC, revision 4.

Economic Policy Uncertainty : News-Based for the United States was 377.79450 Index in June of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Economic Policy Uncertainty : News-Based for the United States reached a record high of 725.03117 in April of 2025 and a record low of 21.94447 in September of 1956. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Economic Policy Uncertainty : News-Based for the United States - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Description: This dataset contains historical economic data spanning from 1871 to 2024, used in Jaouad Karfali’s research on Economic Cycle Analysis with Numerical Time Cycles. The study aims to improve economic forecasting accuracy through the 9-year cycle model, which demonstrates superior predictive capabilities compared to traditional economic indicators.

Dataset Contents: The dataset includes a comprehensive range of economic indicators used in the research, such as:

USGDP_1871-2024.csv – U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data. USCPI_cleaned.csv – U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI), cleaned and processed. USWAGE_1871-2024.csv – U.S. average wages data. EXCHANGEGLOBAL_cleaned.csv – Global exchange rates for the U.S. dollar. EXCHANGEPOUND_cleaned.csv – U.S. dollar to British pound exchange rates. INTERESTRATE_1871-2024.csv – U.S. interest rate data. UNRATE.csv – U.S. unemployment rate statistics. POPTOTUSA647NWDB.csv – U.S. total population data. Significance of the Data: This dataset serves as a foundation for a robust economic analysis of the U.S. economy over multiple decades. It was instrumental in testing the 9-year economic cycle model, which demonstrated an 85% accuracy rate in economic forecasting when compared to traditional models such as ARIMA and VAR.

Applications:

Economic Forecasting: Predicts a 1.5% decline in GDP in 2025, followed by a gradual recovery between 2026-2034. Economic Stability Analysis: Used for comparing forecasts with estimates from institutions like the IMF and World Bank. Academic and Institutional Research: Supports studies in economic cycles and long-term forecasting. Source & Further Information: For more details on the methodology and research findings, refer to the full paper published on SSRN:

https://ssrn.com/author=7429208 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9626-7289

• Jaouad Karfali

Examining the most heavily cited publications in labor economics from the early 1990s, I show that few of over 3,000 articles, citing them directly, replicates them. They are replicated more frequently using data from other time periods and economies, so that the validity of their central ideas has typically been verified. This pattern of scholarship suggests, beyond the currently required depositing of data and code upon publication, that there is little need for formal mechanisms for replication. The market for scholarship already produces replications of non-laboratory applied research.

The Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports are presented in three main sections; the Introductory Section, the Financial Section, and the Statistical Section. The Introductory Section includes a financial overview, discussion of Iowa's economy and an organizational chart for State government. The Financial Section includes the state auditor's report, management's discussion and analysis, audited basic financial statements and notes thereto, and the underlying combining and individual fund financial statements and supporting schedules. The Statistical Section sets forth selected unaudited economic, financial trend and demographic information for the state on a multi-year basis. Reports for multiple fiscal years are available.

Imports: Price: Other Products: Printed Material data was reported at 5,584.393 USD/Ton in 30 Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,511.667 USD/Ton for 27 Apr 2025. Imports: Price: Other Products: Printed Material data is updated daily, averaging 9,289.425 USD/Ton from Mar 2019 (Median) to 30 Apr 2025, with 263 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,802.801 USD/Ton in 11 Sep 2022 and a record low of 4,603.991 USD/Ton in 06 Apr 2025. Imports: Price: Other Products: Printed Material data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.JAA010: Imports: Economic Activity: Product: Price.

FocusEconomics' economic data is provided by official state statistical reporting agencies as well as our global network of leading banks, think tanks and consultancies. Our datasets provide not only historical data, but also Consensus Forecasts and individual forecasts from the aformentioned global network of economic analysts. This includes the latest forecasts as well as historical forecasts going back to 2010. Our global network consists of over 1000 world-renowned economic analysts from which we calculate our Consensus Forecasts. In this specific dataset you will find economic data for Slovakia.

United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data was reported at 569.211 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 524.026 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data is updated quarterly, averaging 43.283 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 859.012 USD bn in Sep 2006 and a record low of -42.129 USD bn in Mar 1991. United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB074: Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts: Total Economy and Sectors: Selected Aggregates.

United States SBP: FI: Didn't Experienced Supply Chain Disruptions data was reported at 88.600 % in 21 Jun 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 90.100 % for 14 Jun 2020. United States SBP: FI: Didn't Experienced Supply Chain Disruptions data is updated weekly, averaging 87.200 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 21 Jun 2020, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 90.100 % in 14 Jun 2020 and a record low of 82.400 % in 26 Apr 2020. United States SBP: FI: Didn't Experienced Supply Chain Disruptions data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S036: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).

United States SBP: RE: CashonHand will Currently Cover: 3 or More Business Mo data was reported at 36.000 % in 04 Oct 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 36.400 % for 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: RE: CashonHand will Currently Cover: 3 or More Business Mo data is updated weekly, averaging 34.700 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 04 Oct 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.100 % in 16 Aug 2020 and a record low of 24.700 % in 03 May 2020. United States SBP: RE: CashonHand will Currently Cover: 3 or More Business Mo data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S036: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).

SBP: IF: Change in No of Paid Emp Prior Mar 13: Little/No Change data was reported at 64.900 % in 10 Jan 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 62.900 % for 03 Jan 2022. SBP: IF: Change in No of Paid Emp Prior Mar 13: Little/No Change data is updated weekly, averaging 65.500 % from Aug 2021 (Median) to 10 Jan 2022, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 69.200 % in 29 Nov 2021 and a record low of 61.000 % in 20 Dec 2021. SBP: IF: Change in No of Paid Emp Prior Mar 13: Little/No Change data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S045: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly. Beg Monday (Discontinued).

United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 3-4 Business Weeks data was reported at 16.100 % in 04 Oct 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.000 % for 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 3-4 Business Weeks data is updated weekly, averaging 16.650 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 04 Oct 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.000 % in 10 May 2020 and a record low of 14.000 % in 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 3-4 Business Weeks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S036: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).

United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 1-2 Business Weeks data was reported at 12.100 % in 04 Oct 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.400 % for 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 1-2 Business Weeks data is updated weekly, averaging 10.800 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 04 Oct 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.600 % in 26 Apr 2020 and a record low of 9.600 % in 13 Sep 2020. United States SBP: TW: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: 1-2 Business Weeks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S036: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).

SBP: Mfg: Business Practices: Improved Existing Goods/Services data was reported at 19.500 % in 10 Jan 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 19.000 % for 03 Jan 2022. SBP: Mfg: Business Practices: Improved Existing Goods/Services data is updated weekly, averaging 19.000 % from Nov 2021 (Median) to 10 Jan 2022, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.700 % in 27 Dec 2021 and a record low of 17.600 % in 13 Dec 2021. SBP: Mfg: Business Practices: Improved Existing Goods/Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S045: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly. Beg Monday (Discontinued).

United States SB: MA: Outlook: BP: Change Business Strategies data was reported at 15.900 % in 11 Apr 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.500 % for 04 Apr 2022. United States SB: MA: Outlook: BP: Change Business Strategies data is updated weekly, averaging 17.100 % from Feb 2022 (Median) to 11 Apr 2022, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.600 % in 14 Mar 2022 and a record low of 14.500 % in 04 Apr 2022. United States SB: MA: Outlook: BP: Change Business Strategies data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S049: Small Business Pulse Survey: by State: Northeast Region: Weekly, Beg Monday (Discontinued).

United States SB: RI: Outlook: Business Practices (BP): Adopted/Exp Use of Tech data was reported at 12.700 % in 11 Apr 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.700 % for 04 Apr 2022. United States SB: RI: Outlook: Business Practices (BP): Adopted/Exp Use of Tech data is updated weekly, averaging 15.500 % from Feb 2022 (Median) to 11 Apr 2022, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.700 % in 28 Feb 2022 and a record low of 12.700 % in 11 Apr 2022. United States SB: RI: Outlook: Business Practices (BP): Adopted/Exp Use of Tech data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S049: Small Business Pulse Survey: by State: Northeast Region: Weekly, Beg Monday (Discontinued).

United States SB: CT: CS: Demand: Large Decrease data was reported at 4.100 % in 11 Apr 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.900 % for 04 Apr 2022. United States SB: CT: CS: Demand: Large Decrease data is updated weekly, averaging 4.700 % from Feb 2022 (Median) to 11 Apr 2022, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.100 % in 14 Feb 2022 and a record low of 4.100 % in 11 Apr 2022. United States SB: CT: CS: Demand: Large Decrease data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S045: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly. Beg Monday (Discontinued).

United States Assets: Flow: FB: saar: Federal Funds & Security RPs data was reported at -641.230 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 452.039 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States Assets: Flow: FB: saar: Federal Funds & Security RPs data is updated quarterly, averaging 5.296 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,052.510 USD bn in Mar 2010 and a record low of -2,695.951 USD bn in Dec 2008. United States Assets: Flow: FB: saar: Federal Funds & Security RPs data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB010: Funds by Sector: Flows and Outstanding: Domestic Financial Business.

CN: CE: Foreign Funded: Current Assets: Inventories data was reported at 1.364 RMB bn in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.289 RMB bn for 2017. CN: CE: Foreign Funded: Current Assets: Inventories data is updated yearly, averaging 1.326 RMB bn from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2018, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.489 RMB bn in 2014 and a record low of 0.370 RMB bn in 2000. CN: CE: Foreign Funded: Current Assets: Inventories data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Wholesale, Retail and Catering Sector – Table CN.RJB: Catering Enterprise: Financial Data: Foreign Funded.

United States SBP: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: Don’t Know data was reported at 14.900 % in 04 Oct 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.400 % for 27 Sep 2020. United States SBP: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: Don’t Know data is updated weekly, averaging 13.150 % from Apr 2020 (Median) to 04 Oct 2020, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.400 % in 27 Sep 2020 and a record low of 8.500 % in 24 May 2020. United States SBP: Cash on Hand will Currently Cover: Don’t Know data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S046: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly, Beg Sunday (Discontinued).