In 2023, agriculture contributed around 0.58 percent to the United Kingdom’s GDP, 17.5 percent came from the manufacturing industry, and 72.53 percent from the services sector. The UK is not a farmer’s marketThe vast majority of the UK’s GDP is generated by the services sector, and tourism in particular keeps the economy going. In 2017, almost 214 billion British Pounds were contributed to the GDP through travel and tourism – about 277 billion U.S. dollars – and the forecasts see an upwards trend. For comparison, only an estimated 10.3 billion GBP were generated by the agriculture sector in the same year. But is it a tourist’s destination still? Though forecasts are not in yet, it is unclear whether travel and tourism can keep the UK’s economy afloat in the future, especially after Brexit and all its consequences. Higher travel costs, having to wait for visas, and overall more complicated travel arrangements are just some of the concerns tourists have when considering vacationing in the UK after Brexit. Consequences of the referendum are already observable in the domestic travel industry: In 2017, about 37 percent of British travelers said Brexit caused them to cut their holidays short by a few days, and about 14 percent said they did not leave the UK for their holidays because of it.

India Exports: UK: Furniture data was reported at 98.600 USD mn in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 97.300 USD mn for 2017. India Exports: UK: Furniture data is updated yearly, averaging 46.445 USD mn from Mar 1997 (Median) to 2018, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.190 USD mn in 2016 and a record low of 1.270 USD mn in 1997. India Exports: UK: Furniture data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.JAC024: Foreign Trade: Harmonized System 2 Digits: United Kingdom.

Daily data showing SAP of gas, and rolling seven-day average, traded in Great Britain over the On-the-Day Commodity Market (OCM). These are official statistics in development. Source: National Gas Transmission.

United Kingdom UK: Banking Survey: Claims on Government: Net data was reported at 588,924.000 GBP mn in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 602,775.000 GBP mn for Aug 2018. United Kingdom UK: Banking Survey: Claims on Government: Net data is updated monthly, averaging 23,733.000 GBP mn from Jan 1987 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 381 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 622,630.000 GBP mn in Apr 2017 and a record low of -29,210.000 GBP mn in Feb 2007. United Kingdom UK: Banking Survey: Claims on Government: Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary.

United Kingdom UK: Monetary Authorities: Foreign Assets data was reported at 19,446.000 GBP mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 17,964.000 GBP mn for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Monetary Authorities: Foreign Assets data is updated yearly, averaging 10,114.500 GBP mn from Dec 1952 (Median) to 2017, with 66 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39,075.000 GBP mn in 2008 and a record low of 659.000 GBP mn in 1952. United Kingdom UK: Monetary Authorities: Foreign Assets data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary Authorities: Annual.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Great Britain Historical Database has been assembled as part of the ongoing Great Britain Historical GIS Project. The project aims to trace the emergence of the north-south divide in Britain and to provide a synoptic view of the human geography of Britain at sub-county scales. Further information about the project is available on A Vision of Britain webpages, where users can browse the database's documentation system online.

These data were originally published by the Poor Law Board, later renamed the Local Government Board, and cover England and Wales. They were computerised over many years by the Great Britain Historical GIS Project. They form part of the Great Britain Historical Database, which contains a wide range of geographically-located statistics, selected to trace the emergence of the north-south divide in Britain and to provide a synoptic view of the human geography of Britain, generally at sub-county scales.

The county-level data appeared in the Board's Annual Reports, while the union-level data appeared in their Returns to Parliament, within British Parliamentary Papers. The tabulations are always for the 1st of January and 1st of July. The original tables contain many columns, so two kinds of transcriptions have been made. Those labelled "full" include all columns but only for selected dates, while the other transcriptions cover all available dates but are generally limited just to total numbers of paupers and numbers of able-bodied male paupers, as the closest approximation to unemployment.

Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

- Total and able-bodied pauperage in all Poor Law Counties in England and Wales, July 1859 to January 1919.

- Total and able-bodied pauperage in all Poor Law Unions in England and Wales, July 1859 to January 1912 (Returns to Parliament discontinued in WW1).

- All available categories of pauper (indoor/outdoor, able-bodied/not able-bodied/lunatics, men/women/children) in all Poor Law Counties in England and Wales, for January and July in 1860, 1863, 1866, 1868 and 1879 only.

- All available categories of pauper (indoor/outdoor, able-bodied/not able-bodied/lunatics, men/women/children) in selected Poor Law Unions in England and Wales, for January and July in 1860 to 1871. The selected unions always include all unions in Lancashire and sometimes cover a transect linking Lancashire with Norfolk.

- All available categories of pauper in selected Poor Law Unions in England and Wales, for July only from 1907 to 1911. The selected unions include all unions in London ('The Metropolis'), Lancashire and Durham plus selected major urban unions.

- Poor law statistics for all poor law unions from 1920 to 1930, then for Administrative Counties and County Boroughs from 1931 to 1939 (Data for 1920 and 1921 have a different format, which is fully included in a separate file).

The Business Structure Database is managed by the Secure Data Service (SDS) and can only be accessed through secure conditions. The ‘domestic use’ input-output matrix, contains domestic trade flows describing intermediate demand between Standard-Industrial-Classification (SIC) coded sectors. This was obtained from the ONS.

GRIT (‘Geospatial Restructuring of Industrial Trade’) is an ESRC-funded project in the School of Geography at the University of Leeds. An energy revolution must take place if the worst effects of climate change are to be avoided. Even without the impact this may have (eg through carbon pricing), fuel costs have a very uncertain future. GRIT has two aims:

create a fine-grained picture of the current spatial structure of the UK economy

consider how changing fuel prices could alter that structure over the long term. GRIT examines the web of connections between businesses in the UK to identify sectors and locations facing the greatest changes.

GRIT will work with a unique dataset: the Business Structure Database contains information for nearly every UK business, including location and sector classification. This will be linked to sectoral trade flow data. These two sources offer an opportunity to map the current spatial distribution of economic activity in the UK and to think about how that distribution may change in the future. GRIT combines this data-driven approach with a plan to engage with organisations directly affected. GRIT will work closely with a small number of organisations and engage others through the project website.

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 1 row and is filtered where the books is British economic growth,1688-1959 : trends and structure. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is The economic impacts of UK labour productivity : enhancing industrial policies and their spillover effects on the energy system. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

United Kingdom UK: Average Transaction Cost of Sending Remittances from a Specific Country data was reported at 7.009 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.349 % for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Average Transaction Cost of Sending Remittances from a Specific Country data is updated yearly, averaging 7.562 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2017, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.400 % in 2013 and a record low of 7.009 % in 2017. United Kingdom UK: Average Transaction Cost of Sending Remittances from a Specific Country data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Payment System. Average transaction cost of sending remittance from a specific country is the average of the total transaction cost in percentage of the amount sent for sending USD 200 charged by each single remittance service provider (RSP) included in the Remittance Prices Worldwide (RPW) database from a specific country.; ; World Bank, Remittance Prices Worldwide, available at http://remittanceprices.worldbank.org; Unweighted average;

Money Supply M3 in the United Kingdom decreased to 3634901 GBP Million in April from 3637067 GBP Million in March of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Money Supply M3 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

United Kingdom UK: Banking Survey: Broad Money: % Change over Previous Year data was reported at 8.717 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.974 % for 2015. United Kingdom UK: Banking Survey: Broad Money: % Change over Previous Year data is updated yearly, averaging 8.825 % from Dec 1952 (Median) to 2016, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.901 % in 1972 and a record low of -4.418 % in 2011. United Kingdom UK: Banking Survey: Broad Money: % Change over Previous Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

The economy was seen by 52 percent of people in the UK as one of the top three issues facing the country in May 2025. The ongoing cost of living crisis afflicting the UK, driven by high inflation, is still one of the main concerns of Britons. Immigration has generally been the second most important issue since the middle of 2024, just ahead of health, which was seen as the third-biggest issue in the most recent month. Labour's popularity continues to sink in 2025 Despite winning the 2024 general election with a strong majority, the new Labour government has had its share of struggles since coming to power. Shortly after taking office, the approval rating for Labour stood at -2 percent, but this fell throughout the second half of 2024, and by January 2025 had sunk to a new low of -47 percent. Although this was still higher than the previous government's last approval rating of -56 percent, it is nevertheless a severe review from the electorate. Among several decisions from the government, arguably the least popular was the government withdrawing winter fuel payments. This state benefit, previously paid to all pensioners, is now only paid to those on low incomes, with millions of pensioners not receiving this payment in winter 2024. Sunak's pledges fail to prevent defeat in 2024 With an election on the horizon, and the Labour Party consistently ahead in the polls, addressing voter concerns directly was one of the best chances the Conservatives had of staying in power in 2023. At the start of that year, Rishi Sunak attempted to do this by setting out his five pledges for the next twelve months; halve inflation, grow the economy, reduce national debt, cut NHS waiting times, and stop small boats. A year later, Sunak had at best only partial success in these aims. Although the inflation rate fell, economic growth was weak and even declined in the last two quarters of 2023, although it did return to growth in early 2024. National debt was only expected to fall in the mid to late 2020s, while the trend of increasing NHS waiting times did not reverse. Small boat crossings were down from 2022, but still higher than in 2021 or 2020. .

QUEST projects both used and produced an immense variety of global data sets that needed to be shared efficiently between the project teams. These global synthesis data sets are also a key part of QUEST's legacy, providing a powerful way of communicating the results of QUEST among and beyond the UK Earth System research community. This dataset contains socio-economic scenarios from the IPCC SRES report.

The United Kingdom: Banking system z-scores: The latest value from 2021 is 18.11 index points, an increase from 17.63 index points in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 17.25 index points, based on data from 136 countries. Historically, the average for the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2021 is 13.77 index points. The minimum value, 5.06 index points, was reached in 2008 while the maximum of 23.7 index points was recorded in 2003.

This dataset contains the code, input sheets, set-up guide and documentation for the EVOLVE research project (https://evolveenergy.eu/) economic dispatch model of Great Britain. Within this research project, a novel modelling framework has been developed to quantify the potential benefit of including higher proportions of ocean energy within large-scale electricity systems. Economic dispatch modelling is utilised to model hourly supply-demand matching for a range of sensitivity runs, adjusting the proportion of ocean energy within the generation mix. The framework is applied to a 2030 case study of the power system of Great Britain, testing installed wave or tidal stream capacities ranging from 100 MW to 10 GW. This dataset contains all of the data, code and documentation required to run this economic dispatch model. The project results found that for all sensitivity runs, ocean energy increases renewable dispatch, reduces dispatch costs, reduces generation required from fossil fuels, reduces system carbon emissions, reduces price volatility, and captures higher market prices. The development of this model, and analysis of the model results, is described in detail in a journal paper (currently in press). A preprint of this paper is included within the folder. It can be referenced as: S. Pennock, D.R. Noble, Y. Verdanyan, T. Delahaye and H. Jeffrey (2023). 'A modelling framework to quantify the power system benefits from ocean energy deployments'. Applied Energy, Volume 347, 1 October 2023, 121413 ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121413 ).

What does the data show?

The data shows projections of population age structure (thousands of people per age class) from the UK Climate Resilience Programme UK-SSPs project. The data is available for each Office for National Statistics Local Authority District (ONS LAD) shape simplified to a 10m resolution.

The age structure is split into 19 age classes e.g. 10-14 and is available for the end of each decade. For more information see the table below.

This dataset contains only SSP2, the 'Middle of the Road' scenario.

Indicator

Demography

Metric

Age Structure

Unit

Thousands per age class

Spatial Resolution

LAD

Temporal Resolution

Decadal

Sectoral Categories

19 age classes

Baseline Data Source

ONS 2019

Projection Trend Source

IIASA

What are the naming conventions and how do I explore the data?

This data contains a field for the year at the end of each decade. A separate field for 'Age Class' allow the data to be filtered e.g. by age class '10-14'.

To understand how to explore the data, see this page: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/457e7a2bc73e40b089fac0e47c63a578

Please note, if viewing in ArcGIS Map Viewer, the map will default to 2020 values.

What are Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)?

The global SSPs, used in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments, are five different storylines of future socioeconomic circumstances, explaining how the global economy and society might evolve over the next 80 years. Crucially, the global SSPs are independent of climate change and climate change policy, i.e. they do not consider the potential impact climate change has on societal and economic choices.

Instead, they are designed to be coupled with a set of future climate scenarios, the Representative Concentration Pathways or ‘RCPs’. When combined together within climate research (in any number of ways), the SSPs and RCPs can tell us how feasible it would be to achieve different levels of climate change mitigation, and what challenges to climate change mitigation and adaptation might exist.

Until recently, UK-specific versions of the global SSPs were not available to combine with the RCP-based climate projections. The aim of the UK-SSPs project was to fill this gap by developing a set of socioeconomic scenarios for the UK that is consistent with the global SSPs used by the IPCC community, and which will provide the basis for further UK research on climate risk and resilience.

Useful links:

Further information on the UK SSPs can be found on the UK SSP project site and in this storymap. Further information on RCP scenarios, SSPs and understanding climate data within the Met Office Climate Data Portal.