The operating profit of Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited with headquarters in India amounted to *** billion Indian rupees in 2023. The reported fiscal year ends on March 31.Compared to the earliest depicted value from 2020 this is a total increase by approximately ***** billion Indian rupees. The trend from 2020 to 2023 shows, furthermore, that this increase happened continuously.

The Cost-Earnings program collects and maintains data needs to construct key economic performance measures such as profitability and regional economic impacts. The data gathered and performance measures constructed are used to address a wide range of issues, including the effect of the regional economic impact of fishery management policies, and predicting fishery economic performance under alternative harvest scenarios. The Open Access survey collects two years of data in one form, and is conducted every 2-3 years. Data have been collected for 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, and will be collected for 2011 and 2012 in 2013. Open Access Fleet data for 2008 and 2009

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Mexico data was reported at 455.612 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 132.349 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Mexico data is updated yearly, averaging 130.572 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 617.353 JPY mn in 2019 and a record low of 33.000 JPY mn in 2018. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Mexico data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

BackgroundSince the reform and opening up, China’s urban and rural economic development has exhibited characteristics of imbalance, with the urban-rural income gap being the largest and most noticeable issue facing China’s socio-economic landscape. Alleviating and effectively resolving the urban-rural income disparity is crucial for achieving overall common prosperity. Therefore, this study provides insights for strategically narrowing the urban-rural income gap from the perspective of higher education investment.MethodsWe employ a panel fixed effects model to examine the basic regression, heterogeneity, mediating effects, and threshold effects. Simultaneously, we address the endogeneity issues in basic regression and mediating effects using the instrumental variable method. Additionally, we adopt the substitution of variables to ensure the robustness of the results.ResultsThis paper selects panel data from China’s eight major comprehensive economic zones from 2003 to 2021 for analysis. The findings reveal that, overall, higher education investment in China’s eight major comprehensive economic zones can narrow the urban-rural income gap. Specifically, higher education investment in 50% of these comprehensive economic zones—namely, the Northern Coastal Comprehensive Economic Zone, Eastern Coastal Comprehensive Economic Zone, Northeast Comprehensive Economic Zone, and Middle Yangtze River Comprehensive Economic Zone—can reduce the urban-rural income disparity. Conversely, higher education investment in the Middle Yellow River Comprehensive Economic Zone, Southern Coastal Comprehensive Economic Zone, Greater Southwest Comprehensive Economic Zone, and Greater Northwest Comprehensive Economic Zone has widened the urban-rural income gap. Additionally, higher education investment can affect the urban-rural income disparity through technological innovation. Overall, the impact of higher education investment on the urban-rural income gap in China’s eight major comprehensive economic zones is also influenced by the level of economic development, exhibiting an “inverted U-shaped” characteristic. This nonlinear impact varies across regions.ConclusionsIn conclusion, to narrow the urban-rural income gap across China’s eight major integrated economic zones, it is necessary to improve the mechanism for higher education investment in these zones. Strategies should be based on regional differences, tailored to local conditions, and implemented with a differentiated and precise approach to higher education development across regions. Emphasis should also be placed on the research and application of innovative technologies to achieve deep integration between urban and rural areas within China’s eight major integrated economic zones.

The data here shows indicator data (that underlies the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation or WIMD), broken down by age. WIMD is the Welsh Government’s official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in Wales. It is designed to identify small areas where there are the highest concentrations of several different types of deprivation. The full index is only updated every 4 to 5 years but some of the indicators are updated in the interim period. Most indicators are available down to Lower Super Output Area level. This is a geography that is built from census data – it aims to outline small areas with a population between 1,000 and 3,000 people.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Asia data was reported at 9,306,644.751 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 8,832,314.490 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Asia data is updated yearly, averaging 5,924,189.288 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9,306,644.751 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 4,382,907.500 JPY mn in 2014. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Asia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Gulf Arabian Countries data was reported at 1.304 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.030 USD bn for 2022. LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Gulf Arabian Countries data is updated yearly, averaging 1.701 USD bn from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2023, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.537 USD bn in 2020 and a record low of 638.817 USD mn in 2012. LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Gulf Arabian Countries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value, Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Total Official Development Assistance (ODA) Recipients data was reported at 171.133 EUR mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 273.292 EUR mn for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Total Official Development Assistance (ODA) Recipients data is updated yearly, averaging 273.292 EUR mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 761.782 EUR mn in 2018 and a record low of 64.413 EUR mn in 2014. Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Total Official Development Assistance (ODA) Recipients data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are not excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.; Countries recipients of Offical Development Assistance (ODA), 55 countries: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo, the Democratic Republic of the , Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland

Slovakia SK: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Sierra Leone data was reported at 0.000 EUR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 EUR mn for 2022. Slovakia SK: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Sierra Leone data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 EUR mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 EUR mn in 2023. Slovakia SK: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Sierra Leone data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Unspecified.

Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Armenia data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Armenia data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2023. Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Armenia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positionsTreatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value. .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to a partial application of the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are covered. Non-profit institutions serving households are not covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward and outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise/direct investor. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: New Zealand data was reported at 1,565.744 JPY mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,780.736 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: New Zealand data is updated yearly, averaging 1,516.291 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,111.533 JPY mn in 2014 and a record low of -308.665 JPY mn in 2016. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: New Zealand data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Sweden data was reported at 3,828.726 JPY mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,243.644 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Sweden data is updated yearly, averaging 6,945.914 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,556.403 JPY mn in 2016 and a record low of 1,556.828 JPY mn in 2021. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Sweden data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: New Zealand data was reported at 65,734.126 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 60,982.160 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: New Zealand data is updated yearly, averaging 24,140.740 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 65,734.126 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 16,949.516 JPY mn in 2014. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: New Zealand data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: EU15 data was reported at 23,459.720 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 22,014.860 EUR mn for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: EU15 data is updated yearly, averaging 15,585.410 EUR mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23,736.810 EUR mn in 2021 and a record low of 7,920.635 EUR mn in 2013. Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: EU15 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are not excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: America data was reported at 2,088,972.196 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,513,874.090 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: America data is updated yearly, averaging 1,308,465.198 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,088,972.196 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 978,083.380 JPY mn in 2014. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: America data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Lao People'S Democratic Republic data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Lao People'S Democratic Republic data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2023. Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Lao People'S Democratic Republic data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positionsTreatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value. .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to a partial application of the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are covered. Non-profit institutions serving households are not covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward and outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise/direct investor. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Ireland IE: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Sierra Leone data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2022. Ireland IE: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Sierra Leone data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2023, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2023. Ireland IE: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Sierra Leone data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are not excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: OECD data was reported at 15,921,564.684 JPY mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17,557,103.053 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: OECD data is updated yearly, averaging 7,132,854.042 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17,557,103.053 JPY mn in 2022 and a record low of 5,951,967.000 JPY mn in 2014. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: OECD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.; ‘OECD' aggregate corresponds to member country composition of the reporting period. OECD aggregate includes 38 member countries for statistics from 2021 onwards. Data for 2020 correspond to 37 member countries while Costa Rica which became a member of the OECD in 2021 is not included. Data for 2018-2019 correspond to 36 member countries while Colombia which became a member of the OECD in 2020 is not included. Data for 2016-2017correspond to 35 member countries, while Lithuania which became a member of the OECD in 2018 is not included. Data for 2010-2015 correspond to 34 member countries while Latvia which became a member of the OECD in 2016 is not included. Data up to 2009 correspond to 30 member countries while Chile, Slovenia, Israel and Estonia which became members of the OECD in 2010 are not included.

JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Asia data was reported at 1,073,665.595 JPY mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 990,611.442 JPY mn for 2022. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Asia data is updated yearly, averaging 649,546.139 JPY mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2023, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,073,665.595 JPY mn in 2023 and a record low of 303,943.630 JPY mn in 2014. JP: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Asia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI financial flows, income flows and positions include, if they exist, resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which cannot be identified separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered . Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Gambia data was reported at 0.000 EUR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 EUR mn for 2022. LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Gambia data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 EUR mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 EUR mn in 2023. LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Gambia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value, Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.