The average for 2023 based on 45 countries was 0.57 percent. The highest value was in Germany: 4.29 percent and the lowest value was in Andorra: 0 percent. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This dataset provides a historical overview of key global indicators, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population growth, and CO2 emissions. It captures economic trends, demographic shifts, and environmental impacts over multiple decades, making it useful for researchers, analysts, and policymakers.

The dataset includes Real GDP (inflation-adjusted), allowing for economic trend analysis while accounting for inflation effects. Additionally, it incorporates CO2 emissions data, enabling studies on the relationship between economic growth and environmental impact.

This dataset is valuable for multiple research areas:

✅ Macroeconomic Analysis – Study global economic growth, recessions, and recovery trends.

✅ Inflation & Monetary Policy – Compare nominal vs. real GDP to assess inflationary trends.

✅ Climate Change Research – Analyze CO2 emissions alongside economic growth to identify sustainability challenges.

✅ Predictive Modeling – Train machine learning models for forecasting GDP, population, or emissions.

✅ Public Policy & Development – Evaluate the impact of economic and environmental policies over time.

This dataset is shared for educational and analytical purposes only.

Nigeria NG: Imports: % of Total Goods Imports: The Arab World data was reported at 3.044 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.432 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Imports: % of Total Goods Imports: The Arab World data is updated yearly, averaging 0.909 % from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2016, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.228 % in 1996 and a record low of 0.189 % in 1985. Nigeria NG: Imports: % of Total Goods Imports: The Arab World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Imports. Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from economies in the Arab World. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies.

United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data was reported at 2.621 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.221 % for 2014. United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data is updated yearly, averaging 2.335 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2015, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.456 % in 1999 and a record low of -1.772 % in 2009. United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Annual growth rate for value added in services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average; Note: Data for OECD countries are based on ISIC, revision 4.

This thesis explores the devastating economic consequences that a hypothetical World War III could have on the global economy. Unlike the previous world wars, this conflict would unfold in a highly globalized, digitally interconnected world—meaning the economic damage would be even more widespread and severe.Drawing from history, the paper analyzes past wars like World War I and II, highlighting how those events caused GDP contractions, hyperinflation, destruction of infrastructure, and long-term debt. It uses these precedents to build realistic scenarios for what could happen if WWIII breaks out today. The study models short-term disruptions like stock market crashes, currency collapse, and trade blockades; medium-term issues like mass unemployment and inflation; and long-term impacts such as technological regression and widespread economic stagnation.The thesis provides regional assessments as well—evaluating how countries like the U.S., China, and nations in Europe and the Global South would fare in different war scenarios, from limited conflicts to full-scale nuclear exchanges. It also discusses secondary effects like energy and food shortages, famine, and the collapse of consumer demand in non-essential sectors.Importantly, the paper doesn’t stop at doom and gloom. It outlines strategic policy responses such as emergency fiscal controls, global debt restructuring, a possible new Bretton Woods system, and a modern-day Marshall Plan to help rebuild economies post-war.In conclusion, the research emphasizes that preventing World War III is not just a matter of global peace, but an absolute economic necessity. Even the strongest economies could collapse, and recovery could take decades—if at all. The thesis serves as both a warning and a call for proactive international diplomacy, economic safeguards, and collective accountability.

Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports) in Bahrain was reported at 19.64 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Bahrain - Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Trinidad and Tobago TT: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Europe & Central Asia data was reported at 0.249 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.274 % for 2015. Trinidad and Tobago TT: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Europe & Central Asia data is updated yearly, averaging 0.048 % from Dec 1984 (Median) to 2016, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.369 % in 2010 and a record low of 0.000 % in 1993. Trinidad and Tobago TT: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Europe & Central Asia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Trinidad and Tobago – Table TT.World Bank: Exports. Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Europe and Central Asia are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to low- and middle-income economies in the Europe and Central Asia region according to World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;

This statistic has been taken from the 2015 GfK Roper Reports, for which a survey was conducted in ** countries around the world in 2015. Participants were asked how confident they are in their own economic future. This statistic shows the results of the poll done in Germany. During the survey, ***** percent of respondents said they were very confident in their own economic future. For comparison, check the statistic for all surveyed countries here.   GfK Roper Reports Worldwide are designed as a global data and insight service, aiming to provide a longitudinal view on how consumers' everyday lives are changing. Data is collected for more than ** countries using a standardized framework to provide the possibility of comparing multiple countries.   For further information on the GfK Roper Reports, please contact GfK.   The GfK Group, founded 1934 in Germany, is the fourth largest market research organization in the world, operating in more than 100 countries across the world with over 10,000 employees.

Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports) in Bermuda was reported at 0.19966 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Bermuda - Merchandise exports to developing economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Abstract

Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.

By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

The indicators in the 2017 Global Findex database are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in 144 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world's population (see Table A.1 of the Global Findex Database 2017 Report for a list of the economies included). The survey was carried out over the 2017 calendar year by Gallup, Inc., as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has annually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 150 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. Interview procedure Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where this is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used.

Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed and the handheld survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

The sample size was 1003.

Mode of data collection

Landline and cellular telephone

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in more than 140 languages upon request.

Questions on cash on delivery, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank

Abstract

Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.

By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.

Geographic coverage

Sample excludes occupied and conflict areas in Donetsk and Lugansk oblasts. Theexcluded areas represent 10% of the population.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

The indicators in the 2017 Global Findex database are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in 144 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world's population (see Table A.1 of the Global Findex Database 2017 Report). The survey was carried out over the 2017 calendar year by Gallup, Inc., as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has annually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 150 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. Interview procedure Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where this is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used.

Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed and the handheld survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

The sample size was 1000.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in more than 140 languages upon request.

Questions on cash on delivery, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank

United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data was reported at 569.211 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 524.026 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data is updated quarterly, averaging 43.283 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 859.012 USD bn in Sep 2006 and a record low of -42.129 USD bn in Mar 1991. United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB074: Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts: Total Economy and Sectors: Selected Aggregates.

Actual value and historical data chart for Honduras Merchandise Imports From Economies In The Arab World Percent Of Total Merchandise Imports

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) in Mexico was reported at 0.36456 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mexico - Merchandise imports from developing economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) in India was reported at 23.65 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Merchandise imports from developing economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

The average for 2023 based on 23 countries was 27.25 percent. The highest value was in Ethiopia: 35.79 percent and the lowest value was in Burkina Faso: 16.33 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Time series data for the statistic Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise exports) and country Ethiopia. Indicator Definition:Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia and Pacific are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to low- and middle-income economies in the East Asia and Pacific region according to World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.The indicator "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise exports)" stands at 7.73 as of 12/31/2023. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 10.89 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 10.89.The 3 year change in percent is -11.62.The 5 year change in percent is -57.48.The 10 year change in percent is -60.25.The Serie's long term average value is 5.01. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 54.20 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1991, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +133,468.59%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2009, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is -65.83%.

With growing affective polarization in the United States, partisanship is increasingly an impediment to cooperation in political settings. But does partisanship also affect behavior in non-political settings? We show evidence that it does, demonstrating its effect on economic outcomes across a range of experiments in real-world environments. A field experiment in an online labor market indicates that workers request systematically lower reservation wages when the employer shares their political stance, reflecting a preference to work for co-partisans. We conduct two field experiments with consumers, and find a preference for dealing with co-partisans, especially among those with strong partisan attachments. Finally, viaa population-based, incentivized survey experiment, we find that the influence of political considerations on economic choices extends also to weaker partisans. Whereas earlier studies show the political consequences of polarization in American politics, our findings suggest that partisanship spills over beyond the political, shaping cooperation in everyday economic behavior. ERRATUM: An erratum was approved by AJPS Editors for this manuscript. Additional materials, erratum text, and updated data and code files are all included with this version of the published record.