As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey of 2024, the unemployment rate among individuals with secondary education and above was 7.1 percent, the highest among other levels of education. Although the unemployment rate within this category fell from the previous financial year. Potential of the education sectorIndia's education sector is estimated to be valued at around 117 billion U.S. dollars, and it is expected to grow to 225 billion U.S. dollars by 2025. It is a growing trend for many young Indians to attain two or three degrees in the hope of attaining a job. One of the largest young populations in the world presents a unique opportunity for the country in the education sector. Educated unemployed Youth unemployment in India was over 15 percent in 2023. This is despite the abundance of highly educated professionals. The data suggests a sharp mismatch between the skills of the labor force and job creation. The lack of jobs in the non-farm sector for the newly graduated young population is a major cause of worry for the Indian economy.

Unemployment Rate: India's unemployment rate has been a significant concern, with fluctuations over the years. As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, the unemployment rate was around 6-7%.

Rural-Urban Disparities: Unemployment is often higher in rural areas compared to urban areas, where there are more employment opportunities.

Youth Unemployment: India has a significant issue of youth unemployment. A large portion of the population is under the age of 30, and providing employment opportunities for this demographic is a challenge.

Underemployment: Many individuals in India are also affected by underemployment, where they are employed in jobs that are below their skill levels and pay less than their qualifications.

Informal Sector: A substantial portion of India's workforce is engaged in the informal sector, which lacks job security and social benefits.

Gender Disparities: There are notable gender disparities in unemployment rates, with women often facing higher rates of unemployment compared to men.

Education and Unemployment: Higher education levels do not always guarantee employment in India, leading to a mismatch between skills and job opportunities.

Government Initiatives: The Indian government has launched various schemes and initiatives to address unemployment, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Skill India program.

COVID-19 Impact: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on employment, leading to job losses and economic challenges.

Actual value and historical data chart for India Unemployment With Advanced Education Percent Of Total Unemployment

In 2024, the estimated youth unemployment rate in India was at 16.03 percent. According to the source, the data are ILO estimates. For the past decade, India’s youth unemployment rate has been hovering around the 22 percent mark. What is the youth unemployment rate?The youth unemployment rate refers to those in the workforce who are aged 15 to 24 years and without a job, but actively seeking one. Generally, youth unemployment rates are higher than the adult unemployment rates, and India is no exception: youth unemployment in India is significantly higher than the national unemployment rate. The Indian workforce, young and oldIndia’s unemployment rate in general is not remarkably high when compared to those of other countries. Both India’s unemployment rate and youth unemployment rate are below their global equivalents. In a comparison of the Asia-Pacific region countries, India ranks somewhere in the middle, with Cambodia’s unemployment rate being estimated to be below one percent, and Afghanistan’s the highest at 8.8 percent.

In 2025, the Masters of Business Administration domain had the highest employability rating among degree types in India at about ** percent, an increase from the previous year. The polytechnic domain had the lowest employability rate of around ** percent. What is employability? Employability refers to attributes that make an individual gain and maintain employment. This may include job-specific or soft skills. Higher employability is considered a precondition for achieving a higher employment rate. Although employability in India has increased to over ** percent from ** percent over a decade ago, there has remained a critical skill mismatch between education and skills. In other words, Indian graduates have been facing a disconnect between what is taught at colleges and what the industry demands. Enhancing employability through skill development Government initiatives like the National Skill Development Corporation and Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana aim to promote skill development in India. Public-private partnerships (PPP) have also been instrumental in making skill development initiatives effective in India. For example, TCS has partnered with educational institutions to provide vocational training in digital literacy and soft skills. Other industry giants like Samsung and IBM are planning to launch special training programs in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in collaboration with the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC).

Actual value and historical data chart for India Unemployment With Advanced Education Male

Unemployment Rate in India - nationwide, state-wise, rural and urban employment, and comparison with global peers.

In 2018, female workers with a basic level of education in India had a less than ***** percent unemployment rate. Contrary to this, the male workers with the same educational background showed higher unemployment rates. In general, people with a higher level of education experienced higher rates of unemployment.

Actual value and historical data chart for India Unemployment With Advanced Education Female

Actual value and historical data chart for India Unemployment With Basic Education Percent Of Total Unemployment

Youth unemployment rates in the G20 were generally highest among people with a basic education. In India, however, youth unemployment was highest among *********************************, which may be down to a lack of positions for people with an advanced education. In South Africa, youth unemployment was highest among people with an **********************, with almost **** of the youth being unemployed.

Abstract

An all-India survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India during the period July, 2005 to June, 2006 was carried out as part of the annual series in the 62nd round of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted in a moderately large sample of households to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India were collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10).

In terms of subject coverage for employment and unemployment (Schedule 10), this survey is broadly similar to the NSS 60th round. On the request of the Planning Commission, additional information regarding the possession of different types of ‘ration cards’ by the households and the participation of the household members in the rural areas in various public works programmes were also collected. Further, to meet the requirements of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, information on current attendance in educational institutions by persons of age below 30 years and the type of educational institutions being attended by the persons currently attending educational institutions was also collected. Instead of collecting detailed particulars on formal vocational training, as was done in NSS 60th round, it was enquired from the household members, of age 15 – 29 years, whether they received or receiving‘formal’ or ‘non-formal’ vocational training. Besides, information was collected on whether the household members ( of age 15 – 29 years) were receiving formal vocational training. For the purpose of collection of information on industry of activity, National Industrial Classification (NIC), 2004 was used in this survey.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. All the sample first-stage units of the districts Poonch and Rajouri of Jammu & Kashmir, became casualty and therefore, the districts Poonch and Rajouri of Jammu & Kashmir, are outside the survey coverage. . Thus, the estimates of Jammu and Kashmir and all-India estimates do not include these two districts.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

An outline of the sampling design: The 62nd round (July 2005 - June 2006) of NSS was earmarked for survey on unorganised manufacturing enterprises, annual survey of consumer expenditure and survey on employment – unemployment. The sampling design adopted for the survey was essentially a stratified multi-stage one for both rural and urban areas. Two frames were used for this survey viz. List frame and Area frame. List frame was used only for urban sector and that too for selection of manufacturing enterprises only and thus is not relevant for discussion. Area frame was adopted for both rural and urban sectors for selection of First Stage Units (FSU) . For the area frame, the list of villages as per census 2001 (for Manipur, 1991 census was used since 2001 census list was not available) was used as frame for the rural sector and the latest available list of UFS blocks was used as frame in the urban sector. However, EC-98 was used as frame for the 27 towns with population 10 lakhs or more (as per Census 2001). The ultimate stage units (USU) were households, in both the sectors. In the case of large villages/ blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage was the selection of two hgs/ sbs from each FSU.

Sample Size – first stage units: At the all-India level, a total number of 9997 FSUs (4847 villages in the rural areas and 5150 UFS blocks in the urban areas) for area frame were allocated on the basis of investigator strength. The allocation between rural and urban sectors was made in proportion to the number of unorganised non-agricultural workers as per EC-98. The total (all-India) rural/ urban sample FSUs were allocated to different States and U.Ts. in proportion to number of unorganised non-agriculture workers as per EC-98 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load. Within each sector of a State/ U.T, the respective sample sizes were allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001.Out of these 9997 FSUs allotted for survey, 9923 FSUs could be surveyed - 4798 in rural and 5125 in urban. Note that in the 62nd round, a sample of 10706 FSUs (4962 villages and 5744 urban blocks) was also selected for survey by the state agencies (State sample) at the all-India level.

Sample size – second stage units: For Schedule 10, a sample of 8 households was planned to be surveyed from each selected village and urban block. In the Central sample, 78879 households were actually surveyed – 37975 in rural areas and 40904 in urban areas.
As regards the actual number of persons surveyed, it was 186571 in the rural sector and 190806 in the urban sector.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Summary description of the schedule : The schedule 10 on employment-unemployment for NSS62nd round consisted of 9 blocks as given below.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household Block 1: Identification of sample household Block 2: Particulars of field operations Block 3 - Household Characteristics. Block 4: Demographic particulars of household members Block 5: Usual activity particulars of household member Block 6: Time disposition of household members during the week Block 7: Remarks by investigator/ senior investigators Block 8: Comments by supervisory officer(s).

Cleaning operations

System design document giving details of Receipt of schedule,data entry,verification and updation of data is attached as an external resource document

Unemployment with basic education, male (% of male labor force with basic education) in India was reported at 2.517 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Unemployment with basic education, male - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

In 2022, the total share of youth in the unemployed population was **** percent. The share of educated youth (secondary or higher) among all unemployed people increased to **** percent in 2022.

The paper deals with the potential relationship between higher education and entrepreneurial activities. Universities and other higher education institutions could be seen as boosting entrepreneurship in the region. University graduates could be more often involved in starting up a new business and the university itself could commercialize their innovations by creating academic spin-off companies. The paper aims to examine the potential effect of higher education on the probability of starting a business as well as its further success. Based on the data for 40 EU and non-EU countries, retrieved from a Eurobarometer survey, we conducted probit and IV probit regressions. These have tested the assumed relationship between higher education and entrepreneurial activities. Our results strongly suggest that higher education can often be very beneficial for starting up a new business and this seems to be one of the factors determining the success of new businesses. Furthermore, those respondents who attended courses related to entrepreneurship appear to be more active in starting-up a business and this seems to be also positively correlated with the company's future success. Interestingly, university graduates from Brazil, Portugal and India in particular, tend to appreciate the role that their universities have played in acquiring the skills to enable them to run a business.

Actual value and historical data chart for India Unemployment With Intermediate Education Male

Actual value and historical data chart for India Unemployment With Intermediate Education Percent Of Total Unemployment

Abstract

The 61st round of the Nationbal Sample Survey was conducted during July, 2004 to June, 2005. The survey was spread over 7,999 villages and 4,602 urban blocks covering 1,24,680 households (79,306 in rural areas and 45,374 in urban areas) and enumerating 6,02,833 persons (3,98,025 in rural areas and 2,04,808 in urban areas). Employment and unemployment were measured with three different approaches, viz. usual status with a reference period of one year, current weekly status with one week reference period and current daily status based on the daily activity pursued during each day of the reference week. Unless otherwise stated, ‘all’ usual status workers will mean all workers taking into consideration the usual principal and subsidiary status taken together.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household, individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 61st round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In the case of large villages/blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage is the selection of two hgs/sbs from each FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks has been considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/UT, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them will also form a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district will be considered as another basic stratum. There are 27 towns with population 10 lakhs or more at all-India level as per census 2001.

Sub-stratification:

• Rural sector: If 'r' be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed is 'r/2'. The villages within a district as per frame have been first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/2' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprises a group of villages of the arranged frame and has more or less equal population.

• Urban sector: If 'u' be the sample size for a urban stratum, 'u/2' number of sub-strata have been formed. The towns within a district, except those with population 10 lakhs or more, have been first arranged in ascending order of population. Next, UFS blocks of each town have been arranged by IV unit no. × block no. in ascending order. From this arranged frame of UFS blocks of all the towns, 'u/2' number of sub-strata has been formed in such a way that each sub-stratum has more or less equal number of UFS blocks.

For towns with population 10 lakhs or more, the urban blocks have been first arranged by IV unit no. × block no. in ascending order. Then 'u/2' number of sub-strata has been formed in such a way that each sub-stratum has more or less equal number of blocks.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs have been allocated at all-India level on the basis of investigator strength in different States/UTs for central sample and 14992 for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/UT level sample size is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 8 FSUs has been allocated to each state/UT separately for rural and urban areas.

Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/UT, the respective sample size is allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level have been adjusted to a multiple of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4.

Selection of FSUs: Two FSUs have been selected from each sub-stratum of a district of rural sector with Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 2001. For urban sector, two FSUs have been selected from each sub-stratum by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Within each sub-stratum, samples have been drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples in both the rural and urban sectors.

Selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks/households - important steps

Criterion for hamlet-group/sub-block formation: Large villages/blocks having approximate present population of 1200 or more will be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural sector and 'sub-blocks' in the urban sector as stated below.

approximate present population of the sample village/block / no. of hgs/sbs to be formed (D)

less than 1200 (no hamlet-groups/sub-blocks): 1
1200 to 1799: 3 1800 to 2399: 4 2400 to 2999: 5 3000 to 3599: 6 …..and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Doda districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala, the number of hamlet-groups formed is as follows.

approximate present population of the sample village / no. of hgs to be formed

less than 600 (no hamlet-groups): 1
600 to 899: 3
900 to 1199: 4
1200 to 1499: 5 …..and so on

Two hamlet-groups/sub-blocks are selected from a large village/UFS block wherever hamlet-groups/sub-blocks have been formed, by SRSWOR. Listing and selection of the households are done independently in the two selected hamlet-groups/sub-blocks. In case hamlet-groups/sub-blocks are to be formed in the sample FSU, the same would be done by more or less equalizing population.

Formation of Second Stage Strata and allocation of households

For both Schedule 1.0 and Schedule 10, households listed in the selected village/block/ hamlet-groups/sub-blocks are stratified into three second stage strata (SSS) as given below.

Rural: The three second-stage-strata (SSS) in the rural sector are formed in the following order:

SSS 1: relatively affluent households
SSS 2: from the remaining households, households having principal earning from non- agricultural activity
SSS 3: other households

Urban: In the urban sector, the three second-stage strata (SSS) are formed as under:

Two cut-off points, say 'A' and 'B', based on MPCE of NSS 55th round, have been determined at NSS Region level in such a way that top 10% of households have MPCE more than 'A' and bottom 30% have MPCE less than 'B'. Then three second-stage-strata (SSS) are formed in the urban sector in the following order:

SSS 1: households with MPCE more than A (i.e. MPCE > A)
SSS 2: households with MPCE equal to or less than A but equal to or more than B ( i.e. B = MPCE = A)
SSS 3: households with MPCE less than B (i.e. MPCE < B)

The number of households to be surveyed in each FSU is 10 for each of the schedules 1.0 and 10. C

Selection of households for Schedules 1.0 and 10: From each SSS the sample households for both the schedules are selected by SRSWOR. If a household is selected both for schedule 1.0 and schedule 10, only schedule 1.0 would be canvassed in that household and the sample household for schedule 10 would be replaced by next household in the frame for schedule 10.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In the present round, Schedule 10 on employment-unemployment consists of 16 blocks.

The first three blocks, viz. Blocks 0, 1 and 2, are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations, as is the common practice in usual NSS rounds. Similarly, the last two blocks, viz., Blocks 10 & 11, are again the usual blocks to record the remarks of investigator and comments by supervisory officer(s), respectively. Block 3 will be for recording the household characteristics like household size, religion, social group, land possessed and cultivated, monthly per capita consumer expenditure, etc., and Block 3.1 for recording particulars of indebtedness of rural labour households.

Block 4 is used for recording the demographic particulars and attendance in educational institutions of all the household members. Particulars of vocational training receiving/received by the household members will also be collected in block 4.

In Block 5.1, particulars of usual principal activity of all the household members will be recorded along with some particulars of the enterprises in which the usual status workers (excluding those in crop and plantation activities) are engaged. Information on informal employment will also be collected in block 5.1. Similarly, the particulars of one subsidiary economic activity of the household members along with some

Actual value and historical data chart for India Unemployment With Basic Education Female

Unemployment with intermediate education, female (% of female labor force with intermediate education) in India was reported at 6.204 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Unemployment with intermediate education, female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.