In the third quarter of 2024, half of Norwegian companies had problems with increasing purchase prices as a result of rising inflation seen around the world. Moreover, more than 40 percent faced problems due to an unstable economic framework. On the other hand, only 10 percent had issues with lack of credits or financing. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the Russian War in Ukraine that started in February 2022, inflation has been surging worldwide. For more information about inflation in the Nordic countries, please visit our dedicated topic page.

Inflation Rate in the United States increased to 2.40 percent in May from 2.30 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

This dataset supports the research exploring the impact of monetary policy instruments on the Colombian economy, focusing on the classical dichotomy and monetary neutrality. The analysis delves into how monetary policy, including instruments such as interest rates and money supply, influences both nominal and real variables in the economy. It also highlights the relationship between monetary policy and economic stability, particularly how central banks manage inflation and economic growth. Key sections explore the separation between nominal and real variables as explained by the classical dichotomy, and the principle of monetary neutrality, which argues that changes in money supply affect nominal variables without impacting real economic factors.

The dataset is structured around a combination of theoretical insights and simulations that analyze the effectiveness of monetary neutrality in the Colombian context, given both domestic and international economic challenges such as the war in Ukraine and agricultural sector disruptions. Through simulations, the dataset demonstrates the effects of monetary expansion on variables like inflation, production, and employment, providing a framework for understanding current economic trends and proposing solutions to socio-economic challenges in Colombia.

In case prices for goods and services go up significantly in 2023, over ** percent of consumers around the world said they would shop less in general and cut down on spending as a response. A fifth of survey respondents said they would look for and purchase cheaper and better value products. Less than **** percent of those surveyed worldwide believed inflation would be unlikely to impact their habits. What does inflation look like? The world entered a new inflation crisis in 2021, driven by a confluence of factors including the COVID-19 pandemic which restricted global supply chains, and the Russian-Ukraine war which exacerbated food and energy shortages. In 2022, global inflation hit **** percent, the highest annual increase in decades. The rate of inflation is estimated to remain high in the near future, at around *** percent in 2023 and *** percent in 2024. Inflation dominated the list of most important problems facing the world according to a survey conducted in October 2023 – leading ahead of poverty and social inequality, crime and violence, and unemployment. In a global consumer trends survey, the majority of respondents said that inflation impacted them completely or a lot – for instance, ***** in ** respondents in the United States admitted they had been seriously impacted. Inflation’s impact on the holidays The end-of-year holiday season is typically regarded as a period of increased retail spending, driven by a series of major shopping events such as Black Friday and Cyber Monday, as well as the public holidays Thanksgiving and Christmas. However, inflation has put a damper on the holiday cheer, with consumers expressing their intentions to cut back spending amid the cost-of-living crisis. In 2022, a significant share of consumers in Europe said they planned to cut at least some related expenses. In fact, ** percent of respondents in the United Kingdom planned to cut all expenses related to Black Friday and Christmas.

Inflation in the table below is defined as the percent change in the CPI from the same month last year. The first column of numbers shows the latest value available from the national authorities and the next two columns show the levels of annual inflation three months and one year prior to the latest release. The data are updated daily. Over long stretches of time - typically years - inflation is a byproduct of the expansion of money supply. In the short run the inflation rate fluctuates with economic growth as recessions slow down the increase in prices and rapid output growth accelerates it. Shits in exchange rates, commodity prices, and natural phenomena like droughts also have an impact. Over time, however, these factors have only a transitory effect and the only variable that matters is money supply growth. The control of inflation is delegated to central banks that typically try to balance between relatively low inflation and low unemployment. For more, you can read our articles about optimal inflation and the causes of inflation in the short run and the long run.

Core consumer prices in the United States increased 2.80 percent in May of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - United States Core Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cost of food in Nigeria increased 21.14 percent in May of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - Nigeria Food Inflation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Description: This dataset provides a comprehensive overview of monthly inflation rates in Nigeria from March 2003 to June 2024, alongside key economic indicators such as crude oil prices, production levels, and various Consumer Price Index (CPI) components. The data captures important economic trends and is suitable for time series analysis, forecasting, and economic modeling.

The dataset includes the following features:

Inflation Rate: The monthly inflation rate in Nigeria, reflecting the change in consumer prices.

Crude Oil Price: The monthly average price of crude oil, which plays a significant role in Nigeria's economy.

Production and Export: Monthly crude oil production and export figures, representing key components of Nigeria's GDP.

CPI Components: Detailed breakdown of the Consumer Price Index, including food, energy, health, transport, communication, and education.

This dataset is ideal for economists, data scientists, and analysts interested in exploring the dynamics of inflation in a developing economy heavily influenced by oil prices and production. Potential applications include inflation forecasting, economic policy analysis, and studying the impact of global oil prices on domestic inflation.

We study the impact of targeted price controls on supermarket products in Argentina between 2007 and 2015. Using web-scraping methods, we collected daily prices for controlled and non-controlled goods and examined the differential effects of the policy on inflation, product availability, entry and exit, and price dispersion. We first show that price controls have only a small and temporary effect on inflation that reverses itself as soon as the controls are lifted. Second, contrary to common beliefs, we find that controlled goods are consistently available for sale. Third, firms compensate for price controls by introducing new product varieties at higher prices, thereby increasing price dispersion within narrow categories. Overall, our results show that targeted price controls are just as ineffective as more traditional forms of price controls in reducing aggregate inflation.

Policymakers have to adjudicate between two competing sets of information when making decisions: the experiences of other states with which they have strong interdependent ties, and lessons from their own historical record. We show that the effects of diffusion mechanisms are mediated by (a) the degree of economic interdependence between countries, and (b) a country's degree of trade exposure, providing a more accurate measure of diffusion compared to current approaches. A state is more likely to open its capital account when other states with which it has economic ties also liberalize their capital account, but this effect declines as levels of trade exposure increase. Second, we argue that states are affected not just by the international economy but also by their own historical experience of trying different economic policies. While we found a counter-intuitive negative relationship between a country's economic history and its current levels of capital account openness, we suspect this result is driven by an intervening, non-linear effect of inflation that can be investigated in future research. We also discuss the challenges of making causal inferences using time-series cross sectional data, demonstrate ways to improve methodological rigor, and discuss the trade-offs involved in choosing between different models.

According to a survey conducted in August 2024, over 20 percent of consumers in the United States believed both inflation and a pending recession would impact their Halloween spending plans. About the same number of people said these economic changes would not influence their spending.

This data package contains underlying data to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables in Low Inflation Bends the Phillips Curve around the World: Extended Results, PIIE Working Paper 21-15.

If you use the data, please cite as: Forbes, Kristin, Joseph E. Gagnon, and Christopher G. Collins, Low Inflation Bends the Phillips Curve around the World: Extended Results, PIIE Working Paper 21-15, September 2021, Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Inflation Rate in Russia decreased to 9.90 percent in May from 10.20 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Russia Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This study examined the relationship between debt servicing and foreign exchange rate unification in Nigeria from 1995 to 2023, hypothesizing that a unified exchange rate policy would significantly impact the country's debt service-to-revenue ratio. Using annual time series data from sources such as the International Monetary Fund and World Development Indicators, the study employed an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the relationship between the debt service-to-revenue ratio and factors including the official foreign exchange rate, GDP growth rate, inflation rate, and oil prices. The findings revealed several notable insights. Exchange rate unification was found to have a significant negative effect on the debt service-to-revenue ratio, suggesting that a unified exchange rate policy could help reduce Nigeria's debt service burden. Both current and lagged inflation rates showed a significant negative impact on the debt service-to-revenue ratio, indicating that higher inflation might be eroding the real value of debt or increasing nominal revenues faster than debt servicing costs. Lagged exchange rates were found to negatively affect the debt service-to-revenue ratio, implying that higher exchange rates in the previous period decrease the current ratio. Oil prices demonstrated mixed effects, with current prices positively impacting the debt service-to-revenue ratio while lagged prices had a negative effect. The study also revealed strong persistence in debt servicing behavior over time, as evidenced by the significant positive correlation between current and previous year's debt service ratios. These results offer significant implications for policymakers. The negative effect of exchange rate unification on the debt service-to-revenue ratio suggests that such a policy could improve efficiency in forex markets and reduce arbitrage opportunities, ultimately helping to reduce the debt service burden. The negative relationship between inflation and the debt service-to-revenue ratio indicates that higher inflation might be beneficial for debt servicing in the short term, though this should be interpreted cautiously given the potential negative consequences of high inflation. The mixed impact of oil prices reflects the complexity of Nigeria's oil-dependent economy, highlighting the need for economic diversification. The strong persistence in debt servicing commitments points to potential structural issues in debt management or lack of fiscal flexibility. Policymakers can use these findings to inform strategies for managing Nigeria's debt burden. The results suggest that pursuing exchange rate unification, carefully managing inflation, diversifying the economy to reduce oil dependence, and improving fiscal discipline could all contribute to better management of debt servicing costs. However, it's crucial to consider the lagged effects of economic variables on debt servicing when formulating long-term fiscal strategies.

When deciding on how to estimate future prices, due to influences that are likely to affect a product, we should consider two factors: the expected inflation and the real price change. The rate of real price change allows us to plot a trend line based on time series reflecting existing or past market price, that is, on "facts". Usually, many potential users are not going to use sophisticated forecasting techniques to estimate future prices, preferring to rely on simple approximation techniques. If acceptable time price series is available, then the simplest approach is to evidence a trend line over time that can be extended into the future. This can be done with regression analysis. In working with historical data, we could arrive at a medium-term trend estimate, which excludes the effects of inflation. Although the real price of forest products does not usually vary in an exponential way, the normal practice in investment analyses is often simplified by compounding price using a real price change rate. We can get the annual rate of real price change (r) from a linearized model that allows us to keep the statistical robustness of a linear regression model (with statistics, confidence indicators and tests), but applying the compound rate approach used in mathematics of finance. To do that, the well-known basic formula for compounding Pn=P0 (1+r)^n, where: Pn = estimated price in year n P0= price in year 0 r = annual rate of real price change (the real compound rate) n = number of years from year 0

is transformed into that of a straight line by making a change of variables (linearization).

The proposed method is easy to reproduce and seems more orthodox than apply projections made using a simple straight-line model. Even though the straight-line represents an average variation over the years, from a mathematics of finance approach we should discuss price variation in terms of the annual compound rate. In Figure 1, you can see the differences between these approaches. If we have a clear trend in past real prices and the likelihood of a real price variation, we could make future price assumptions. If you agree with this statement and believe that price trend based on historical patterns is a significative information, then you should use r value gotten from the linearized model here proposed to project the price according to the previous compounding equation, where P0 is any real price calculated through the linearized compounding model (Table I). In Catalonia, most of forest products prices have not kept up with inflation and reflect a declining trend. A few others have just barely kept up with inflation. This is means that, despite moderate growth in nominal terms, the real price of almost all Catalan forest products presents a negative trend. For example, Scots pine sawlogs -the most representative harvested species in Catalonia (the 27% of the total volume yearly logged)- have dropped by an average of almost 2% per year since 1980.

Using a panel of 17 Latin American countries for the period 2002–18, we study the impact of economic variables on government approval. Our empirical analysis shows that the one economic variable that appears consistently in all estimates is economic growth. More specifically, we show that for each point of additional growth, the approval rating increases between 1.1 and 1.9 percentage points. Other variables, such as inflation, government spending, and the composition of spending, are significant in only some of the specifications used, while growth is remarkably robust in all of them. Among non-economic variables, the lack of solid institutions also appears consistently as significant as well as the lagged value of government approval ratings. These results suggest that a program focused on growth has a positive influence on the popularity of the government. This conclusion is particularly relevant in a region where populism has been remarkably persistent over time and where the norm has been to run large budget deficits to gain popular support, with consequences on inflation and the external accounts.

United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data was reported at 65.816 % in Nov 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 69.331 % for Aug 2023. United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data is updated quarterly, averaging 68.010 % from Nov 2011 (Median) to Nov 2023, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.949 % in Nov 2018 and a record low of 60.350 % in Nov 2014. United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I122: Business Inflation Expectations Survey: Price Change. Business Inflation Expectations Survey Questionnaire: Projecting ahead over the next 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences will affect the prices of your products and/or services?

Indonesia Business Survey: Inflation Expectation: Construction data was reported at 3.778 % in Dec 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.680 % for Sep 2022. Indonesia Business Survey: Inflation Expectation: Construction data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.646 % from Jun 2013 (Median) to Dec 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.298 % in Sep 2013 and a record low of 3.180 % in Jun 2021. Indonesia Business Survey: Inflation Expectation: Construction data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table ID.SD008: Business Survey: Inflation Expectation. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Moderate Upward Influence data was reported at 16.668 % in Nov 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17.710 % for Aug 2023. United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Moderate Upward Influence data is updated quarterly, averaging 15.466 % from Nov 2011 (Median) to Nov 2023, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.200 % in Nov 2014 and a record low of 10.116 % in Nov 2020. United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Moderate Upward Influence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I122: Business Inflation Expectations Survey: Price Change. Business Inflation Expectations Survey Questionnaire: Projecting ahead over the next 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences will affect the prices of your products and/or services?