Monthly average hourly CO2, NOx, and SO2 emission factors for each U.S. eGRID subregion. This project utilized GridViewTM, an electric grid dispatch software package, to estimate hourly emission factors for all of the eGRID subregions in the continental United States. These factors took into account electricity imports and exports across the eGRID subregion boundary, and included estimated transmission and distribution (T) losses. Emission types accounted for included carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).Data reported as part of this project include hourly average, minimum, and maximum emission factors by month; that is, the average, minimum, and maximum emission factor for the same hour of each day in a month. Please note that the data are reported in lbs/MWh, where the MWh value reported is site electricity use (the actual electricity used at the building) and the pounds of emissions reported are the emissions created at the generator to meet the building load, including transmission and distribution losses. The demand profiles used to generate the data pertain to the following years: eastern interconnect - 2005; Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) - 2008; Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) - 2008.

description: The Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) is a comprehensive source of data on the environmental characteristics of almost all electric power generated in the United States. These environmental characteristics include air emissions for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide; emissions rates; net generation; resource mix; and many other attributes. eGRID2012 Version 1.0 is the eighth edition of eGRID, which contains the complete release of year 2009 data, as well as year 2007, 2005, and 2004 data. For year 2009 data, all the data are contained in a single Microsoft Excel workbook, which contains boiler, generator, plant, state, power control area, eGRID subregion, NERC region, U.S. total and grid gross loss factor tabs. Full documentation, summary data, eGRID subregion and NERC region representational maps, and GHG emission factors are also released in this edition. The fourth edition of eGRID, eGRID2002 Version 2.01, containing year 1996 through 2000 data is located on the eGRID Archive page (http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/archive.html). The current edition of eGRID and the archived edition of eGRID contain the following years of data: 1996 - 2000, 2004, 2005, and 2007. eGRID has no other years of data.; abstract: The Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) is a comprehensive source of data on the environmental characteristics of almost all electric power generated in the United States. These environmental characteristics include air emissions for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide; emissions rates; net generation; resource mix; and many other attributes. eGRID2012 Version 1.0 is the eighth edition of eGRID, which contains the complete release of year 2009 data, as well as year 2007, 2005, and 2004 data. For year 2009 data, all the data are contained in a single Microsoft Excel workbook, which contains boiler, generator, plant, state, power control area, eGRID subregion, NERC region, U.S. total and grid gross loss factor tabs. Full documentation, summary data, eGRID subregion and NERC region representational maps, and GHG emission factors are also released in this edition. The fourth edition of eGRID, eGRID2002 Version 2.01, containing year 1996 through 2000 data is located on the eGRID Archive page (http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/archive.html). The current edition of eGRID and the archived edition of eGRID contain the following years of data: 1996 - 2000, 2004, 2005, and 2007. eGRID has no other years of data.

This dataset contain records factors for emissions and releases of chemicals to air, water and ground, waste generation, from electricity generation, All values are per megawatt-hour (MWh) of eletricity generated at power plants or other generating facilities. Subregion is an acronym of a U.S. EPA eGRID subregion. See https://www.epa.gov/egrid FlowName, Context, and Unit are defined as they are in the Flow table format specification for the U.S. EPA Standardized Inventories (StEWI) tool. https://github.com/USEPA/standardizedinventories/blob/master/format%20specs/Flow.md FlowName is the name of the chemical, waste, input or product. Chemical (context is air, water or ground) use the nomenclature of the Federal LCA Commons Elementary Flow List. Wastes use the names for waste code descriptions from the 2017 RCRA Biennial Waste Report. There are also "Heat" input and "Steam" co-product output factors. These names and data come from the eGRID 2016 database. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Ghosh, T., W.W. Ingwersen, M. Jamieson, T.R. Hawkins, S. Cashman, T. Hottle, A. Carpenter, and K. Richa. Derivation and assessment of regional electricity generation emission factors in the USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT. Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG, Landsberg, GERMANY, 28(2): 156-171, (2023).

Hydro Quebec dataset on the factors of direct emission of greenhouse gases from energy sources in Quebec's import and export markets. Updated annually. ## Method Data from public sources external to the company is extracted and compiled. Direct greenhouse gas emission factors are presented for each of the energy sources on an external market from which Quebec can import energy or to which it can export energy. Power plants powered by renewable sources of energy do not produce direct GHG emissions. Sources of GHG emissions by fossil fuel power plants: * Quebec: https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/developpement-durable/pdf/d-5647-etiquette-metrique2021-fr-vf.pdf * Ontario: values calculated retroactively from the following sites of the Independent Electricity System Operator (SIERE): https://www.ieso.ca/-/media/Files/IESO/Document-Library/gas-phase-out/Decarbonization-and-Ontarios-Electricity-System.ashx and https://www.ieso.ca/en/Corporate-IESO/Media/Year-End-Data#yearenddata * State of New York, New York England, MISO and PJM: https://www.epa.gov/egrid The values of GHG emissions from electricity generation in New York State, New England and by the MISO and PJM organizations are calculated from the GHG emissions from power plants published in the EPA's eGrid database (https://www.epa.gov/egrid). The values of GHG emissions from electricity generation in New Brunswick and Ontario are respectively from the federal government (https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-markets/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles-new-brunswick.html) and from the IESO. All these values differ from the values recommended by the Regulations Amending the Regulations Amending the Regulations on the Mandatory Reporting of Certain Contaminants into the Air (RDOECA). ## Additional Information * Geographic Coverage: North-East America * Instructions and conditions of use: The data provided is raw, without guarantee of quality and may change without notice.

The monthly Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission data represents Montgomery County Facilities and Fleet by month beginning July 2019. Facilities: The Facilities GHG data represents physical structures used by County residents and County staff who provide services for County residents. Examples include recreation, libraries, theater and arts, health and human services, liquor retail, courthouses, general services, maintenance facilities, correctional facilities, police stations, fire stations, volunteer fire stations, garages, parking lots, bus shelters and park & ride locations. Facilities use the following fuel sources: grid electricity, natural gas, propane and diesel fuel. Facilities GHG data DOES NOT include Montgomery County Public Schools, Montgomery College and Montgomery Parks Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC). Fleet: The Fleet GHG data represents Montgomery County vehicles used by County staff who provide services for County residents. Examples include mass transit buses, snowplows, liquor trucks, light duty trucks, police cars, fire engines and fire service equipment, etc. Each County vehicle use different fuel sources (i.e. diesel, mobil diesel, compressed natural gas, unleaded and E-85). Fleet GHG data DOES NOT include Montgomery County Public School buses, Montgomery College and Montgomery Parks Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) vehicles. GHG Calculation Method: Facilities and Fleet fuel sources are converted into one common unit of energy- 1 Million British thermal units (MMBtu) which are then used with emissions factors and 100-year global warming potential (GWP) to calculate GHG emissions into one common unit of measure- Metric Tons of CO2 Equivalent (MTCO2e). For more information go to: • How to Calculate GHG emissions at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zq5wTjvLqnY&t=186s • Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) at https://www.epa.gov/energy/emissions-generation-resource-integrated-database-egrid • Emission Factors for GHG Inventories at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-03/documents/emission-factors_mar_2018_0.pdf Update Frequency : Monthly

Analysis of ‘Greenhouse Gas Emissions’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/e7edbf7f-be73-4268-85f9-9c4f8c34d42f on 27 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

The monthly Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission data represents Montgomery County Facilities and Fleet by month beginning July 2019.
Facilities: The Facilities GHG data represents physical structures used by County residents and County staff who provide services for County residents. Examples include recreation, libraries, theater and arts, health and human services, liquor retail, courthouses, general services, maintenance facilities, correctional facilities, police stations, fire stations, volunteer fire stations, garages, parking lots, bus shelters and park & ride locations. Facilities use the following fuel sources: grid electricity, natural gas, propane and diesel fuel. Facilities GHG data DOES NOT include Montgomery County Public Schools, Montgomery College and Montgomery Parks Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC). Fleet: The Fleet GHG data represents Montgomery County vehicles used by County staff who provide services for County residents. Examples include mass transit buses, snowplows, liquor trucks, light duty trucks, police cars, fire engines and fire service equipment, etc. Each County vehicle use different fuel sources (i.e. diesel, mobil diesel, compressed natural gas, unleaded and E-85).
Fleet GHG data DOES NOT include Montgomery County Public School buses, Montgomery College and Montgomery Parks Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) vehicles. GHG Calculation Method: Facilities and Fleet fuel sources are converted into one common unit of energy- 1 Million British thermal units (MMBtu) which are then used with emissions factors and 100-year global warming potential (GWP) to calculate GHG emissions into one common unit of measure- Metric Tons of CO2 Equivalent (MTCO2e). For more information go to: • How to Calculate GHG emissions at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zq5wTjvLqnY&t=186s • Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) at https://www.epa.gov/energy/emissions-generation-resource-integrated-database-egrid • Emission Factors for GHG Inventories at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-03/documents/emission-factors_mar_2018_0.pdf Update Frequency : Monthly

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Emissions from energy use in buildings are usually estimated on an annual basis using annual average multipliers. Using annual numbers provides a reasonable estimation of emissions, but it provides no indication of the temporal nature of the emissions. Therefore, there is no way of understanding the impact on emissions from load shifting and peak shaving technologies such as thermal energy storage, on-site renewable energy, and demand control.

This project utilized GridViewTM, an electric grid dispatch software package, to estimate hourly emission factors for all of the eGRID subregions in the continental United States. These factors took into account electricity imports and exports across the eGRID subregion boundary, and included estimated transmission and distribution (T) losses. Emission types accounted for included carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).Data reported as part of this project include hourly average, minimum, and maximum emission factors by month; that is, the average, minimum, and maximum emission factor for the same hour of each day in a month. Please note that the data are reported in lbs/MWh, where the MWh value reported is site electricity use (the actual electricity used at the building) and the pounds of emissions reported are the emissions created at the generator to meet the building load, including transmission and distribution losses. The demand profiles used to generate the data pertain to the following years: eastern interconnect - 2005; Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) - 2008; Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) - 2008.

These workbooks contain modeled estimates of long-run marginal emission rates (LRMER) for the contiguous United States. A LRMER is an estimate of the rate of emissions that would be either induced or avoided by a change in electric demand, taking into account how the change could influence both the operation as well as the structure of the grid (i.e., the building and retiring of capital assets, such as generators and transmission lines). It is therefore distinct from the more-commonly-known short-run marginal, which treat grid assets as fixed. Long-run marginal emissions rates are generally appropriate to use when trying to comprehensively estimate the impact of a long-lived (i.e., more than several years) intervention. There are two workbooks that supply the data at two different geographic resolutions: states and GEA regions (20 regions that are similar to, but not exactly the same as, the US EPA's eGRID regions). For more data underlying these emissions factors, see the Cambium 2022 project at https://scenarioviewer.nrel.gov/. For more details on input assumptions and methodology see the associated report (Cambium 2022 Scenario Descriptions and Documentation, https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/84916.pdf). This data is planned to be updated annually. Information on the latest versions can be found at https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/cambium.html.

These workbooks contain modeled estimates of long-run marginal emission rates (LRMER) for the contiguous United States. The LRMER is an estimate of the rate of emissions that would be either induced or avoided by a long-term (i.e., more than several years) change in electrical demand. It incorporates both the projected changes to the electric grid, as well as the potential for an incremental change in electrical demand to influence the structural evolution of the grid (i.e., the building and retiring of capital assets, such as generators and transmission lines). It is therefore distinct from the more-commonly-known short-run marginal, which treats grid assets as fixed. The Levelized LRMER worksheet within each workbook is set up to produce a levelized long-run marginal emission rate based on user-provided inputs. These levelized LRMER values are intended for analysts to use when estimating the emissions induced (or avoided) by a long-term change in end-use electricity demand. There are two workbooks that supply the data at two different geographic resolutions: states and GEA regions (20 regions that are similar to, but not exactly the same as, the US EPA's eGRID regions). For more data underlying these emissions factors, see the Cambium 2021 project at https://cambium.nrel.gov/. For more details on the inputs into the scenarios available in the workbooks, see the Standard Scenarios 2021 Report (https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/80641.pdf). This data was produced as part of the Cambium project. For more details about the methodology, see the Cambium Documentation: Version 2021 (https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/81611.pdf). This data is planned to be updated annually. Information on the latest versions can be found at https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/cambium.html.

The NATCARB Sources dataset provides a single, seamless spatial database of stationary sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions across the USA and parts of Canada compiled from regional datasets created by the RCSPs. The spatial distribution of carbon dioxide emission estimates in this dataset are intended to be used as an initial assessment of stationary sources only. Stationary sources are particular, identifiable, localized sources of emissions, and include such operations as power plants, ethanol plants, petroleum and natural gas processing facilities, cement and lime plants, agricultural processing facilities, industrial facilities, iron and steel production facilities, and fertilizer production facilities. Non-stationary sources of CO2, such as transportation, and non-point sources, such as widespread land use practices, are not included in this data set. RCSPs either used emissions estimates from the EPA Greenhouse Gas database or calculated emissions estimates using other publicly-available databases (e.g., eGRID, IEA GHG, and NATCARB) and emissions factors. Calculation methods for a given source type vary by RCSP.