The 1988 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program, which is designed to collect data on fertility, family planning and maternal and child health. The 1988 EDHS is the most recent in a series of surveys carried out in Egypt to provide the information needed to study fertility behavior and its determinants, particularly contraceptive use. The EDHS findings are important in monitoring trends in these variables and in understanding the factors which contribute to differentials in fertility and contraceptive use among various population subgroups. The EDHS also provides a wealth of health-related information for mothers and their children, which was not available in the earlier surveys. These data are especially important for understanding the factors that influence the health and survival of infants and young children. In addition to providing insights into population and health issues in Egypt, the EDHS also hopefully will lead to an improved global understanding of population and health problems as it is one of 35 internationally comparable surveys sponsored by the Demographic and Health Surveys program. The Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) has as its major objective the provision of current and reliable information on fertility, mortality, family planning, and maternal and child health indicators. The information is intended to assist policy makers and administrators in Egyptian population and health agencies to: (1) assess the effect of ongoing family planning and maternal and child health programs and (2) improve planning for future interventions in these areas. The EDHS provides data on topics for which comparable data are not available from previous nationally representative surveys, as well as information needed to monitor trends in a number of indicators derived from earlier surveys, in particular, the 1980 Egypt Fertility Survey (EFS) and the 1980 and 1984 Egypt Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys (ECPS). Finally, as part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program, the EDHS is intended to add to an international body of data, which can be used for cross-national research on these topics.

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system. The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system. The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Abstract

THE CLEANED VERSION OF THE POPULATION CENSUS DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 10% OF THE ORIGINAL POPULATION CENSUS DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)

A brief history of the census:

The conduct of censuses in Egypt began with the 1882 census (The Scout for Egyptian Homes and the Counting of Its Souls). The next census was conducted in 1897, after which the census was conducted almost every 10 years. - In 1966, a population and housing census was conducted using the sampling method. - The 1976 and 1986 censuses were conducted (using two forms, one of which was a long form for 20% of the families and a short form for the rest of the families). - The 1996 and 2006 censuses used only one form for all families.

This is the thirteenth census in the series of Egyptian censuses. The preliminary results of the 2006 census were announced on 3/4/2007, that is, three months after the end of the census on 31/12/2006.

The 2006 Egypt de facto census collected data through face-to-face interviews on housing, household demographics, employment and education for those six and older, migration, and disability. The census days were November 20 and 21, 2006, and fieldwork continued for the following two weeks. All individuals (Egyptians and foreigners) who were present within the political boundaries of Egypt on census night were counted.

Geographic coverage

Comprehensive enumeration on the national level .

Analysis unit

The census is based on the method of comprehensive inventory of all members of society, buildings and facilities located in the country.

Universe

The general census covered the population, dwellings and establishments.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The short questionnaire contains 2 modules in addition to the household identification and geographic data on the cover sheet.

First module: The housing conditions of the households. - Type of dwelling, tenure status of the dwelling (owned/rented), availability of facilities and services related to the dwelling, ownership of durables.

Second Module: Demographic and employment characteristics and basic data for all - household members. -Gender, age, education level, marital status, residential mobility, religion, and nationality.

The questionnaire can be found on the Documentation tab.

Abstract

The 2000 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey is, part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys project, carried out in Egypt that provide information on fertility behavior and its determinants, particularly contraceptive use. The EDHS findings are important in monitoring trends for key variables and in understanding the factors that contribute to differentials in fertility and contraceptive use among various population subgroups. The EDHS also provides a wealth of healthrelated information about mothers and their children. These data are of special importance for understanding the factors that influence the health and survival of infants and young children.

The 2000 EDHS was designed to provide estimates for key indicators such as fertility, contraceptive use, infant and child mortality, immunization levels, coverage of antenatal and delivery care, and maternal and child health and nutrition. The survey results are intended to assist policymakers and planners in assessing the current health and population programs and in designing new strategies for improving reproductive health and health services in Egypt.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN

The primary objective of the sample design for the 2000 EDHS was to provide estimates of key population and health indicators including fertility and child mortality rates for the country as a whole and for six major administrative regions (the Urban Governorates, urban Lower Egypt, rural Lower Egypt, urban Upper Egypt, rural Upper Egypt, and the Frontier Governorates). In the Urban Governorates, Lower Egypt, and Upper Egypt, the design allowed for governorate-level estimates of most of the key variables, with the exception of the fertility and mortality rates. In the Frontier Governorates, the sample size was not sufficiently large to provide separate estimates for the individual governorates. To meet the survey objectives, the number of households selected in the 2000 EDHS sample from each governorate was not proportional to the size of the population in the governorate. As a result, the 2000 EDHS sample is not self-weighting at the national level, and weights have to be applied to the data to obtain the national-level estimates presented in this report.

SAMPLE SELECTION

The sample for the 2000 EDHS was selected in three stages. The first stage included selecting the primary sampling units. The units of selection were shiakhas/towns in urban areas and villages in rural areas. Information from the 1996 census was used in constructing the frame from which the primary sampling units (PSUs) were selected. Prior to selecting the PSUs, the frame was updated to take into account administrative changes that had occurred since 1996. The updating process included both office work and field visits during a three-month period. After it was completed, urban and rural units were stratified by geographical location in a serpentine order from the northwest corner to the southeast corner within each governorate. During this process, shiakhas or villages with a population less than 2,500 were grouped with contiguous shiakhas or villages (usually within the same kism or marquez) to form units with a population of at least 5,000. After the frame was ordered, a total of 500 primary sampling units (228 shiakhas/towns and 272 villages) were selected.

The second stage of selection involved several steps. First, detailed maps of the PSUs chosen during the first stage were obtained and divided into parts of roughly equal population size (about 5,000). In shiakhas/towns or villages with a population of 20,000 or more, two parts were selected. In the remaining smaller shiakhas/towns or villages, only one part was selected. Overall, a total of 735 parts were selected from the shiakhas/towns and villages in the 2000 EDHS sample.

A quick count was then carried out to provide an estimate of the number of households in each part. This information was needed to divide each part into standard segments of about 200 households. A group of 37 experienced field workers participated in the quick count operation. They were organized into 13 teams, each consisting of 1 supervisor, 1 cartographer and 1 or 2 counters. A one-week training course conducted prior to the quick count included both classroom sessions and field practice in a shiakha/town and a village not covered in the survey. The quickcount operation took place between late March and May 1999.

As a quality control measure, the quick count was repeated in 10 percent of the parts. If the difference between the results of the first and second quick count was less than 2 percent, then the first count was accepted. No major discrepancies were found between the two counts in most of the areas for which the count was repeated.

After the quick count, a total of 1,000 segments were chosen from the parts in each shiakha/town and village in the 2000 EDHS sample (i.e., two segments were selected from each of the 500 PSUs). A household listing operation was then implemented in each of the selected segments. To conduct this operation, 12 supervisors and 24 listers were organized into 12 teams. Generally, each listing team consisted of a supervisor and two listers. A one-week training course for the listing staff was held in mid-September 1999. The training involved classroom lectures and two days of field practice in three urban and rural locations not covered in the survey. The listing operation began at the end of September and continued for about 40 days.

About 10 percent of the segments were relisted. Two criteria were used to select segments for relisting. First, segments were relisted when the number of households in the listing differed markedly from that expected according to the quick count information. Second, a number of segments were randomly selected to be relisted as an additional quality control test. Overall, few major discrepancies were found in comparisons of the listings. However, a third visit to the field was necessary in a few segments in the Cairo and Aswan governorates because of significant discrepancies between the results of the original listing and the relisting operation.

The third stage involved selecting the household sample. Using the household lists for each segment, a systematic random sample of households was selected for the 2000 EDHS sample. All ever-married women 15-49 who were usual residents or who were present in the sampled households on the night before the interview were eligible for the EDHS.

Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX B of the report which is presented in this documentation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The 2000 EDHS involved two questionnaires: a household questionnaire and an individual questionnaire. The household and individual questionnaires were based on the model survey instruments developed by MEASURE DHS+ for countries with high contraceptive prevalence. Questions on a number of topics not covered in the DHS model questionnaires were also included in the 2000 EDHS questionnaires. In some cases, those items were drawn from the questionnaires used for earlier rounds of the DHS in Egypt. In other cases, the questions were intended to collect information on topics not covered in the earlier surveys (e.g., schooling of children).

The household questionnaire consisted of three parts: a household schedule, a series of questions related to the socioeconomic status of the household, and height and weight measurement and anemia testing. The household schedule was used to list all usual household members and visitors and to identify those present in the household during the night before the interviewer’s visit. For each of the individuals included in the schedule, information was collected on the relationship to the household head, age, sex, marital status (for those 15 years and older), educational attainment, repetition and dropout (for those 6-24 years), and work status (for those 6 years and older). The second part of the household questionnaire obtained information on characteristics of the physical and social environment of the household (e.g., type of dwelling, availability of electricity, source of drinking water, household possessions, and the type of salt the household used for cooking). Height and weight measurements were obtained and recorded in the last part of the household questionnaire for all ever-married women age 15-49 years and all children born since January 1995 who were listed in the household schedule. In a subsample of households, all eligible women, all children born since January 1995, and all children age 11-19 years were eligible for anemia testing.

The individual questionnaire was administered to all ever-married women age 15-49 who were usual residents or who were present in the household during the night before the interviewer’s visit. It obtained information on the following topics: - Respondent’s background - Reproduction - Contraceptive knowledge and use - Fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning - Pregnancy and breastfeeding - Immunization and health - Schooling of children and child labor - Female circumcision - Marriage and husband’s background - Woman’s work and residence.

The individual questionnaire included a monthly calendar, which was used to record a history of the respondent’s fertility, contraceptive use (including the source where the method was obtained and the reason for discontinuation for each segment of use), and marriage status during each month of around a five-year period beginning

The Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (2008 EDHS) is the latest in a series of a nationally representative population and health surveys conducted in Egypt. The 2008 EDHS was conducted under the auspices of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and implemented by El-Zanaty & Associates. Technical support for the 2008 EDHS was provided by Macro International through the MEASURE DHS project. MEASURE DHS is sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to assist countries worldwide in conducting surveys to obtain information on key population and health indicators. The 2008 EDHS was undertaken to provide estimates for key population indicators including fertility, contraceptive use, infant and child mortality, immunization levels, coverage of antenatal and delivery care, maternal and child health, and nutrition. In addition, the survey was designed to provide information on a number of health topics and on the prevalence of hepatitis C and high blood pressure among the population age 15-59 years. The survey results are intended to assist policymakers and planners in assessing the current health and population programs and in designing new strategies for improving reproductive health and health services in Egypt.

Analysis unit

Woman, Birth, Child, Birth, Man, Household Member

Universe

Ever-married women age 15-49, Births, Children age 0-4, All persons

Kind of data

Demographic and Household Survey [hh/dhs]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Ministry of Health and Population [Egypt], National Population Council [Egypt], and ORC Macro.

SAMPLE UNIT: Woman SAMPLE SIZE: 15573

SAMPLE UNIT: Birth SAMPLE SIZE: 54780

SAMPLE UNIT: Child SAMPLE SIZE: 11467

SAMPLE UNIT: Member SAMPLE SIZE: 91173

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

The 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (2014 EDHS) is the tenth in a series of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Egypt. As with the prior surveys, the main objective of the 2014 EDHS is to provide up-to-date information on fertility and childhood mortality levels; fertility preferences; awareness, approval, and use of family planning methods; and maternal and child health and nutrition. The survey also covers several special topics including domestic violence and child labor and child disciplinary practices. All ever-married women age 15-49 who were usual members of the selected households and those who spent the night before the survey in the selected households were eligible to be interviewed in the survey. The sample for the 2014 EDHS was designed to provide estimates of population and health indicators including fertility and mortality rates for the country as a whole and for six major subdivisions (Urban Governorates, urban Lower Egypt, rural Lower Egypt, urban Upper Egypt, rural Upper Egypt, and the Frontier Governorates). Unlike earlier EDHS surveys, the sample for the 2014 EDHS was explicitly designed to allow for separate estimates of most key indicators at the governorate level.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: No - Special populations: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: A census building is a free standing structure which is fixed on earth or on water permanently or temporarily (regardless the material used in building it) and it is used for residence or doing any activity in it (work, sport, pious work?.etc.). - Households: Consist of one person or a group of persons (related or non related to each other) sharing their housing unit and food together. A household includes: a) servants and the like who are living with the household; b) visitors who spent the census night with the household (except military persons); c) household members who spent the census night apart from their household, like members of armed forces and persons who always or temporarily work at night shifts or otherwise would not be counted by the census elsewhere; d) workers on Egyptian or foreign means of transporation who were present within or out of the territorial boundaries but have no residing place outside the country. - Group quarters: Not applicable

Universe

All individuals (Egyptians and foreigners) who were present within the political boundaries of Egypt at census night.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics

SAMPLE DESIGN: Sample of private households drawn by Egyptian statistical office. Sample method unknown.

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: 10%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 5,902,243

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Special Households Questionnaires; Public Living Quarters Questionnaire; Household and Housing Condition Questionnaire

The total population in the Middle East and Africa region was approximately *** million in 2018. It was expected to increase to *** million in 2030, and almost double by 2050 to reach about *** million. Demographics The Middle East and Africa region includes ** countries, which is approximately of six percent of the population of the world. The population is characterized with an above average fertility rate of ***, compared to the global fertility rate of ****. Due to the decrease in death rates due to the introduction of modern medicine, combined with the steady birth rates, the population of the MENA region is expected to continue growing in the future. Population growth might cause governmental burden in the future as governments try to decrease poverty rates, provide healthcare, and education to the larger number of people. The Arab spring In 2011, a series of demonstrations spread across many Arab countries to overthrow oppressive governments and dictators. It initiated from Tunisia, and spread to other countries including Egypt, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria. The instability caused by the Arab spring affected international oil supply and prices, as the MENA region owns ** percent of the world’s oil reserves and ** percent of its natural gas reserves which makes it an important global economic stability factor. Some countries succeeded in overthrowing their oppressive governments, while other protests resulted in social violence and civil wars. The instability forced ** million people to seek refuge in neighboring countries. It was declared as the worst refugee crisis after World War II.

This statistic shows the total population of the Mashriq countries in 2023. The Mashriq, also Mashreq, is the region encompassing the eastern part of the Arab World, comprising the countries Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. In 2023, the total population of Egypt amounted to 105.2 million inhabitants.

The 2003 Egypt Interim Demographic and health Survey (EIDHS) was conducted under the auspices of the Ministry of Health and Population and the National Population Council. ORC Macro provided technical support for the survey through the MEASURE DHS+ project. USAID/Egypt provided funding for the survey under its bilateral population and health projects. The survey was conducted to provide the information needed to track changes in major family planning, health and nutrition.

The 1992 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) is the most recent in a series of surveys carded out in Egypt to provide information on fertility and child mortality levels, family planning awareness, approval and use and basic indicators of maternal and child health. The EDHS findings are important in monitoring trends in these variables and in understanding the factors which contribute to differentials in fertility and contraceptive use among various population subgroups. The EDHS also provides a wealth of health-related information for mothers and their children. These data are especially important for understanding the factors that influence the health and survival of infants and young children. In addition to providing insights into population and health issues in Egypt, the EDHS also hopefully will lead to an improved global understanding of population and health problems as it is one of more than 50 surveys implemented through the Demographic and Health Surveys program. The primary objective of the EDHS is to provide data on fertility and mortality, family planning and maternal and child health. The survey obtained detailed information on these issues from a sample of ever-married women in the reproductive ages. In addition, a subsample of husbands was interviewed in an effort to obtain information on their fertility preferences and the role which they play in family planning decision making. The EDHS information is intended to assist policymakers and administrators to evaluate existing programs and to design new strategies for improving family planning and health services in Egypt. A secondary objective is to enhance the capabilities of institutions in Egypt to collect process and analyze population and health data so as to facilitate the implementation of future surveys of this type.

The 2000 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey is, part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys project, carried out in Egypt that provide information on fertility behavior and its determinants, particularly contraceptive use. The EDHS findings are important in monitoring trends for key variables and in understanding the factors that contribute to differentials in fertility and contraceptive use among various population subgroups. The EDHS also provides a wealth of healthrelated information about mothers and their children. These data are of special importance for understanding the factors that influence the health and survival of infants and young children. The 2000 EDHS was designed to provide estimates for key indicators such as fertility, contraceptive use, infant and child mortality, immunization levels, coverage of antenatal and delivery care, and maternal and child health and nutrition. The survey results are intended to assist policymakers and planners in assessing the current health and population programs and in designing new strategies for improving reproductive health and health services in Egypt.

The 2005 EDHS is part of the worldwide MEASURE DHS project that provides estimates for key indicatrs such as fertility, contraceptive use, infant and child mortality, immunization levels, coverage of antenatal and delivery care, nutrition, and prevalence of anemia. In addition, the survey was designed to provide information on the prevalence of female circumcision, domestic violence, and children’s welfare. The survey results are intended to assist policymakers and planners in assessing the current health and population programs and in designing new strategies for improving reproductive health and health services in Egypt.

Abstract

The 1995 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS-95) is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys project. It is the third survey in a series of Demographic and Health surveys that have been carried out in Egypt. The EDHS-95 collected information on fertility and child mortality, family planning awareness, approval and use, as well as basic information on maternal and child health.

The 1995 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS-95) is aimed at providing policymakers and planners with important information for use in evaluating existing programs and formulating new programs and policies related to reproductive behavior and health. The survey was specifically designed to meet the following objectives: (1) Collect data on fertility and desired family size; (2) Monitor changes in family planning practice over time and investigate the availability and accessibility of family planning services in Egypt; (3) Determine reasons for nonuse and intention to use family planning; and (4) Measure the achievement of health policy objectives, particularly those concerning the GOE maternal and child health program.

In addition, because information on the status of women is of increasing interest to policymakers, the EDHS-95 included a special questionnaire to collect extensive data on the lives of Egyptian women. The questionnaire was administered to eligible women in one-third of the households in the EDHS-95 sample.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

The primary objective of the sample design for the EDHS-95 is to provide estimates of key population and health indicators including fertility and child mortality rates for the country as a whole and for six major administrative regions (Urban Governorates, urban Lower Egypt, rural Lower Egypt, urban Upper Egypt, rural Upper Egypt, and the Frontier Governorates). In addition, in the Urban Governorates, Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, the design allows for governorate-level estimates of most key variables, with the exception of fertility and mortality rates and women's status indicators. In the Frontier Governorates, the sample size for individual governorates is not sufficiently large to allow for separate governorate-level estimates. However, separate estimates are possible for the western Frontier Governorates (Matrouh and New Valley) and the eastern Frontier Governorates (North Sinai, South Sinai and Red Sea). Finally, Assuit and Souhag governorates were oversampled in the EDHS-95 in order to provide sufficient cases for a special follow-up study of the reasons for nonuse of family planning in those areas.

In order to meet the survey objectives, the number of households selected in the EDHS-95 sample from each governorate was disproportional to the size of the population in the governorate. As a result, the EDHS-95 sample is not self-weighting at the national level, and weights had to be applied to the data to obtain the national-level estimates presented in this report.

Sample Implementation

Selection of PSUs: The EDHS-95 sample was selected in three stages. At the first or primary stage, the units of selection were shiakhas/towns in urban areas, and villages in rural areas. Information from the 1986 Census was used in constructing the frame from which the primary sampling units (PSU) were selected. Prior to the selection of the PSUs, the frame was updated to take into account all of the administrative changes which had occurred since 1986. The updating process included both office work and field visits during a three-month period. After it was completed, urban and rural units were stratified by geographical location in a serpentine order from the northwest comer to the southeast within each governorate. Shiakhas or villages with less than 2,500 populations were grouped with contiguous shiakhas or villages (usually within the same kism or marquez) to obtain the minimum size required (5,000 population). During the primary stage selection, a total of 467 units (204 shiakhas/towns and 263 villages) were sampled.

Quick Count: The second stage of selection involved several steps. First, detailed maps of the PSUs chosen during the first stage were obtained and divided into parts of roughly equal size. In shiakhas/towns or villages with 20,000 or more population, two parts were selected. In the remaining smaller shiakhas/towns or villages, only one part was selected. Overall, a total of 656 parts were selected from the shiakhas/towns and villages in the EDHS-95 sample.

A quick count was then carded out to divide each part into standard segments of about 200 households. This operation was conducted in order to provide an estimate of the number of households in each part so that the part could be divided into segments of roughly equal size. A group of 36 experienced field workers participated in the quick count operation. They were divided into 12 teams, each consisting of one supervisor, one cartographer and one or two counters. A one-week training course conducted prior to the quick count included both classroom sessions and field practice in a shiakha/town and a village not covered in the survey. The quick-count operation took place between late April and late July 1995.

As a quality control measure, the quick count was repeated in 10 percent of the parts. If the difference between the results of the first and second quick count were within 2 percent, then the first count was accepted. There were no major discrepancies between the two counts in most of the areas for which the count was repeated; however, in a few cases in Kafr El-Sheikh govemorate, a third visit was made to the field in order to resolve discrepancies between the counts.

Household Listing: Following the quick count, a total of 934 segments was chosen from the parts in each shiakha/town and village in the EDHS-95 sample (i.e., two segments were selected from each of the 467 PSUs). A household listing operation was then implemented in each of the selected segments. To conduct this operation, 16 supervisors and 32 listers were organized into 16 teams. Generally, each listing team consisted of a supervisor and two listers. A training course for the listing staff was held at the end of August for one week. The training involved classroom lectures and two days of field practice in two urban and rural locations. The listing operation began at the end of August and continued for about 40 days.

Around 10 percent of the segments were relisted. Two different criteria were used to select segments for relisting. First, segments were relisted when the number of households in the listing differed markedly from that expected according to the quick count information. Second, a number of segments were randomly selected to be relisted as an additional quality control test. Overall, few major discrepancies were found in comparisons of the two listings. However, a third visit to the field was necessary in a few segments in Gharbia governorate because of significant discrepancies between the results of the original listing and the relisting operation.

Selection of the Household Sample: Using the household lists for each segment, a systematic random sample of households was chosen to be interviewed in the EDHS-95. A subsample of one-third of these households was also selected for the woman's status survey, except in Assuit and Souhag governorates, where all households were included in the women's status survey. All ever-married women 15-49, who were usual residents or present in the household on the night before the interview, were eligible for the survey.

Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX B of the report which is presented in this documentation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The EDHS-95 involved three types of questionnaires: a household questionnaire, an individual questionnaire, and a women's status questionnaire. The household and individual questionnaires were based on the model survey instruments developed by the Demographic and Health Surveys program for high contraceptive prevalence countries. Additional questions on a number of topics not covered in the DHS mode/questionnaires were included in EDHS-95 questionnaires. In some cases, those items were drawn from the questionnaires used for the 1988 EDHS and the 1992 EDHS. In other cases, the questions were intended to collect information on topics not covered in the earlier surveys (e.g., schooling of children and female circumcision). The women's status questionnaire was based on a special set of modules developed in the DHS program to explore a number of dimensions of the status of women. The modules were modified to obtain data of interest in understanding the position of women in Egyptian society.

The household questionnaire consisted of two parts: a household schedule and a series of questions relating to the health and socioeconomic status of the household. The household schedule was used to list all usual household members and visitors and to identify those present in the household during the night before the interviewer's visit. For each of the individuals included in the schedule, information was collected on the relationship to the household head, age, sex, marital status (for those fifteen years and older), educational level and work status (for those six years and older). The second part of the household questionnaire included questions on characteristics of the physical and social environment of the household (e.g., type of dwelling, availability of electricity, source of drinking water, household possessions,

Abstract

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS

Economic Census is considered the main source for information about the economic activities in Egypt. The Economic Census provides a huge amount of data which sheds light on the components and elements of economic activity by providing a complete, comprehensive and detailed image of economic establishments in various sectors according to the most recent international standards and concepts.

The main goals of the Economic Census 1- Providing a comprehensive image and detailed information of the structure and characteristics of the various economic activities and their geographical distributions that enable measuring the economic performance. 2- Providing a complete and detailed information about the value of inputs and outputs, separately for each economic activity, at the governorate level and for Egypt. 3- Measuring the contribution of each economic activity in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and assess its relative importance for each economic activity compared to other economic activities within national economy, at the governorate level and for Egypt. 4- Providing data about the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (number of establishments and employees, wages, …. etc.), for economic activities at the governorate level and for Egypt.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Establishment

Universe

The Census covered a national sample of Establishments.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

The Establishment Census, carried out within the context of the Population, Housing and Establishment census of 2017 was taken as the framework for the EC census, which includes only operating and temporarily closed establishments (government establishments were excluded). This framework consists of 4,119,716 establishments, out of which 15,496 establishments are covered in the regular statistics. The frame was divided into two parts, the first represents the active establishments and the second is those temporary closed. The frame of the operating establishment, was divided into: A) Regular statistics Establishments, B) Rare Activities' establishments (activities with 30 establishments or less all over the governorate). C) The rest of establishments was divided as follows: - Big establishments with 10 employees or more, - Establishments with (5 - 9) employees, - Establishments with (1-4) employees. The selected sample size for each group was define as follows: - All establishments (complete coverage) for the following groups: (A) Regular statistics establishments, (B) Rare activities' Establishments, (C) Big establishments, - 50% of establishments with (5 - 9) employees. - 5% of establishments with (1- 4) employees. - 10% of all establishments which were temporarily closed during the Population, Housing and Establishment Census, 2017.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi] & Face-to- Face [f2f]

Research instrument

A total of 36 questionnaires were developed to cover both Regular statistics and the EC sample, as follows:

Part one: Regular statistics, which includes all establishments in both Public and Public Business Sectors, and some private sector establishments, which are regularly conducted annually. Part two: Including private sector establishments covered in the EC using sampling method, for those which aren't covered by regular statistics.

The Economic Census Questionnaires: Twelve questionnaires were designed for the 2018/2017 Economic Census to collect data from all economic activities in the private sector, which are not covered in the regular statistics. These activities include: - Mining and quarrying activities, establishments (9 employees and less), - Manufacturing Activities (9 employees and less), - Activities of Repair and maintenance of motor vehicles, personal and household goods, - Wholesale and Retail-sale Activities, - Restaurants, food & beverage, and bar services activities, - Transportation and Storage Activities, - Business, social and personal services Activities. - Education activities, institutes and colleges, - Other educational activities, - Agricultural activities, - Communication activities, - Construction activities.

Regular statistics' Questionnaires: All 24 questionnaires of the regular statistics were developed, reviewed, and unified to be in line with EC questionnaires and the national accounts' requirements.

Note: The questionnaires can be seen in the documentation tab.

Response rate

The total respone rate is 96.68%. Response rates by stratum are presented in the methodology document attached to the documentation materials published in Arabic.

Abstract

In order to develop various methods of comparable data collection on health and health system responsiveness WHO started a scientific survey study in 2000-2001. This study has used a common survey instrument in nationally representative populations with modular structure for assessing health of indviduals in various domains, health system responsiveness, household health care expenditures, and additional modules in other areas such as adult mortality and health state valuations.

The health module of the survey instrument was based on selected domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and was developed after a rigorous scientific review of various existing assessment instruments. The responsiveness module has been the result of ongoing work over the last 2 years that has involved international consultations with experts and key informants and has been informed by the scientific literature and pilot studies.

Questions on household expenditure and proportionate expenditure on health have been borrowed from existing surveys. The survey instrument has been developed in multiple languages using cognitive interviews and cultural applicability tests, stringent psychometric tests for reliability (i.e. test-retest reliability to demonstrate the stability of application) and most importantly, utilizing novel psychometric techniques for cross-population comparability.

The study was carried out in 61 countries completing 71 surveys because two different modes were intentionally used for comparison purposes in 10 countries. Surveys were conducted in different modes of in- person household 90 minute interviews in 14 countries; brief face-to-face interviews in 27 countries and computerized telephone interviews in 2 countries; and postal surveys in 28 countries. All samples were selected from nationally representative sampling frames with a known probability so as to make estimates based on general population parameters.

The survey study tested novel techniques to control the reporting bias between different groups of people in different cultures or demographic groups ( i.e. differential item functioning) so as to produce comparable estimates across cultures and groups. To achieve comparability, the selfreports of individuals of their own health were calibrated against well-known performance tests (i.e. self-report vision was measured against standard Snellen's visual acuity test) or against short descriptions in vignettes that marked known anchor points of difficulty (e.g. people with different levels of mobility such as a paraplegic person or an athlete who runs 4 km each day) so as to adjust the responses for comparability . The same method was also used for self-reports of individuals assessing responsiveness of their health systems where vignettes on different responsiveness domains describing different levels of responsiveness were used to calibrate the individual responses.

This data are useful in their own right to standardize indicators for different domains of health (such as cognition, mobility, self care, affect, usual activities, pain, social participation, etc.) but also provide a better measurement basis for assessing health of the populations in a comparable manner. The data from the surveys can be fed into composite measures such as "Healthy Life Expectancy" and improve the empirical data input for health information systems in different regions of the world. Data from the surveys were also useful to improve the measurement of the responsiveness of different health systems to the legitimate expectations of the population.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A sample of 3,000 respondents was selected and approved by CAPMAS from seven Governorates representing metropolitan, lower-Egypt, and upper-Egypt Governorates.

Based on the published 1996 census, a set of selection criteria was adopted to ensure that respondents representing age, gender, education, socioeconomic, and other categories of variables were included. In Egypt there is no updated registry system. CAPMAS, therefore, depended on the block system developed during the 1996 census.

A stratified sample was drawn to ensure representativeness of the sample based on predetermined important characteristics of the population.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Cleaning operations

Data Coding At each site the data was coded by investigators to indicate the respondent status and the selection of the modules for each respondent within the survey design. After the interview was edited by the supervisor and considered adequate it was entered locally.

Data Entry Program A data entry program was developed in WHO specifically for the survey study and provided to the sites. It was developed using a database program called the I-Shell (short for Interview Shell), a tool designed for easy development of computerized questionnaires and data entry (34). This program allows for easy data cleaning and processing.

The data entry program checked for inconsistencies and validated the entries in each field by checking for valid response categories and range checks. For example, the program didn’t accept an age greater than 120. For almost all of the variables there existed a range or a list of possible values that the program checked for.

In addition, the data was entered twice to capture other data entry errors. The data entry program was able to warn the user whenever a value that did not match the first entry was entered at the second data entry. In this case the program asked the user to resolve the conflict by choosing either the 1st or the 2nd data entry value to be able to continue. After the second data entry was completed successfully, the data entry program placed a mark in the database in order to enable the checking of whether this process had been completed for each and every case.

Data Transfer The data entry program was capable of exporting the data that was entered into one compressed database file which could be easily sent to WHO using email attachments or a file transfer program onto a secure server no matter how many cases were in the file. The sites were allowed the use of as many computers and as many data entry personnel as they wanted. Each computer used for this purpose produced one file and they were merged once they were delivered to WHO with the help of other programs that were built for automating the process. The sites sent the data periodically as they collected it enabling the checking procedures and preliminary analyses in the early stages of the data collection.

Data quality checks Once the data was received it was analyzed for missing information, invalid responses and representativeness. Inconsistencies were also noted and reported back to sites.

Data Cleaning and Feedback After receipt of cleaned data from sites, another program was run to check for missing information, incorrect information (e.g. wrong use of center codes), duplicated data, etc. The output of this program was fed back to sites regularly. Mainly, this consisted of cases with duplicate IDs, duplicate cases (where the data for two respondents with different IDs were identical), wrong country codes, missing age, sex, education and some other important variables.

As of 2018, the general risk for men to develop cancer before the age of 75 years in Egypt was slightly higher than for women with 17.2 percent compared to 15.4 percent, respectively. In that year, the overall risk for the general population in Saudi Arabia to develop cancer before the age of 75 years was at 16.2 percent.