The ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Egypt amounted to approximately 90.93 percent in 2024. Between 1998 and 2024, the ratio rose by around 17.11 percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The ratio is expected to drop by about 19.56 percentage points between 2024 and 2030, showing a continuous downward movement throughout the period.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

Key information about Egypt External Debt: % of GDP

• Egypt External Debt accounted for 38.8 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 40.7 % in the previous quarter.
• Egypt External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Jun 1999 to Jun 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 42.6 % in Dec 2023 and a record low of 12.0 % in Sep 2012.

Related information about Egypt External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Egypt, Current Account recorded a deficit of 5.9 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 22.4 USD bn in Jun 2024.
• Egypt Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 120.0 USD mn in Jun 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 104.5 USD mn in Jun 2024.
• The country's External Debt reached 155,204.0 in Sep 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 109.0 USD bn in Dec 2022.

Egypt: External debt, percent of Gross National Income: The latest value from 2023 is 44.38 percent, an increase from 35.38 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 54.39 percent, based on data from 112 countries. Historically, the average for Egypt from 1970 to 2023 is 51.86 percent. The minimum value, 14 percent, was reached in 2014 while the maximum of 132.72 percent was recorded in 1988.

The general Egyptian government was the main debtor of Egypt's external debt. As of the first quarter of 2022/2023, the government's debt reached 80.3 billion U.S. dollars, of which all was of long-term nature. Moreover, the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) followed with an aggregate of 41.1 billion U.S. dollars of debt, segmented into 25.4 billion U.S. dollars as long-term and 15.7 as short-term debt.

Graph and download economic data for General Government Net Debt for Egypt (EGYGGNDGDPGDPPT) from 2000 to 2023 about Egypt, REO, debt, Net, and government.

Key information about Egypt External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• Egypt External Debt: Short Term accounted for 6.8 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 7.1 % in the previous year.
• Egypt External Debt: Short Term: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from 1990 to 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 7.1 % in 2023 and a record low of 0.8 % in 2015.

CEIC calculates Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual Short Term External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Central Bank of Egypt provides Short Term External Debt in USD. The Ministry of Planning, Economic Development and International Cooperation provides Nominal GDP in local currency. The Central Bank of Egypt average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, ending in June of each year.


Related information about Egypt External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Egypt, Current Account recorded a deficit of 3.7 USD bn in Jun 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 22.4 USD bn in Jun 2024.
• Egypt Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 120.0 USD mn in Jun 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 104.5 USD mn in Jun 2024.
• Egypt External Debt: Short Term value stood at 26.0 USD bn in Jun 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 109.0 USD bn in Dec 2022.

As of the first quarter of 2022/2023, long-term debt represented the majority of the Egyptian external debt, with around 82 percent. Furthermore, the remaining 18 percent accounted for short-term debt. As of the same quarter, the general government was the main debtor in the country, with over 50 percent.

Graph and download economic data for Outstanding International Public Debt Securities to GDP for Egypt (DDDM06EGA156NWDB) from 2001 to 2020 about Egypt, public, debt, securities, and GDP.

Egypt EG: External Debt: Stocks: % of GNI data was reported at 20.020 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.600 % for 2015. Egypt EG: External Debt: Stocks: % of GNI data is updated yearly, averaging 37.722 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 132.473 % in 1988 and a record low of 13.737 % in 2014. Egypt EG: External Debt: Stocks: % of GNI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service. Total external debt stocks to gross national income. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Weighted average;

Historical dataset showing Egypt external debt by year from 1970 to 2023.

Historical dataset showing Egypt debt to gdp ratio by year from 2007 to 2007.

Debt securities held by nonresidents in Egypt was reported at 27216873466 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Egypt - Debt securities held by nonresidents - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Key information about Egypt External Debt: Short Term

• Egypt External Debt: Short Term value stood at 27.7 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with 26.0 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Egypt External Debt: Short Term data is updated quarterly, available from Jun 1997 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 30.3 USD bn in Sep 2023 and a record low of 1.4 USD bn in Jun 2007.

Related information about Egypt External Debt: Short Term

• In the latest reports of Egypt, Current Account recorded a deficit of 5.9 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 22.4 USD bn in Jun 2024.
• Egypt Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 120.0 USD mn in Jun 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 104.5 USD mn in Jun 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 109.0 USD bn in Dec 2022.

Egypt Gross Domestic Debt data was reported at 4,742,107.000 EGP mn in Jun 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,501,983.000 EGP mn for Mar 2020. Egypt Gross Domestic Debt data is updated quarterly, averaging 722,630.500 EGP mn from Sep 1997 (Median) to Jun 2020, with 92 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,742,107.000 EGP mn in Jun 2020 and a record low of 180,687.000 EGP mn in Sep 1997. Egypt Gross Domestic Debt data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Egypt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.F015: Domestic Debt. Domestic Debt represents debt due on government and economic authorities, and debt due on National Investment Bank (NIB) minus its intra-debt (economic authorities' debt to the NIB and its investments in government securities) and the deposits of NIB with the banking system.

Egypt Debt Service: Government: Annual: Interest: Paid data was reported at 1.083 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 835.800 USD mn for 2016. Egypt Debt Service: Government: Annual: Interest: Paid data is updated yearly, averaging 645.100 USD mn from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2017, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.083 USD bn in 2017 and a record low of 578.100 USD mn in 2005. Egypt Debt Service: Government: Annual: Interest: Paid data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Egypt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.F018: Government Debt Service. Interest Paid includes interest payments on Egyptian bonds and notes floated abroad.