The net summer capacity of the electric power sector in the United States was estimated at 1.2 terawatts in 2024. This figure is expected to increase by more than 97 percent in the coming three decades, reaching almost three terawatts by 2050.

After years of stagnant growth, U.S. electricity demand recently surged. This increase was driven in part by the commercial sector, particularly the rapid expansion of data centers and the adoption of artificial intelligence. The surge is expected to continue, signaling a shift toward a more electrified economy, with significant implications for economic competitiveness and energy infrastructure.

The United States' energy production reached an estimated 104.38 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) in 2024, while consumption amounted to approximately 93.51 Btu. The country's energy production is projected to reach around 109 Btu by 2050.

Context

This is a nicely formatted version of the US Energy Information Administration's U.S. Electric System Operating Data.

It's broken out by aggregation level: US, Regions, Balancing authorities and Balancing authority subregion. Then within that it's broken out into either region, balancing authority or individual utility.

Then each csv is includes data on - BA-to-BA interchange (suffix ID.H) - Day-ahead demand forecast (DF.H) - Demand (D.H) - Net generation by energy source (NG.SUN.H, NG.COL.H, NG.NG.H etc) - Net generation (NG.H) - Total interchange (TI.H)

Note: .H in the suffix stands for hourly in UTC time.

You can see the full data dictionary in data_dictionary.csv

Raw data

The raw data comes from the EIA's bulk data download facility. It's downloaded using this notebook. And structured using this notebook.

The size of the North America Power Industry market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of % during the forecast period. Recent developments include: In August 2022, The U.S. Department of Energy's Water Power Technologies Office has given GE Research, the technological development division of General Electric Company, a 30-month, USD 4.3 million projects to increase the operating capacity and flexibility of hydropower assets., In October 2022, Belltown Power U.S. sold a 6 GW portfolio of solar, coupled, and stand-alone battery storage development projects to ENGIE North America (ENGIE). 33 projects totaling approximately 2.7 GW of solar energy, 0.7 GW of paired storage, and 2.6 GW of standalone battery storage are included in the transaction. Acquisition of 33 early to late-stage projects will accelerate renewables development across multiple states in North America., In November 2022, EE North America joined up with Elio Energy to build a 2GW solar power pipeline and energy storage assets in Arizona and neighboring states in the United States. The company intends to build 10GW of renewable energy capacity in the country by 2026 in order to assist state and local governments across the United States in meeting their net-zero emissions targets.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Supportive Government Policies and Incentives4.; Environmental Concerns. Potential restraints include: 4., Fossil Fuel Subsidies. Notable trends are: Conventional Thermal is Likely Dominate the Market.

United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Consumption: Retail Sales: Commercial data was reported at 3.541 kWh/Day bn in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.504 kWh/Day bn for Nov 2019. United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Consumption: Retail Sales: Commercial data is updated monthly, averaging 3.601 kWh/Day bn from Mar 2016 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.286 kWh/Day bn in Aug 2019 and a record low of 3.400 kWh/Day bn in Apr 2018. United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Consumption: Retail Sales: Commercial data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.RB069: Electricity Supply and Consumption: Forecast: Energy Information Administration.

🇺🇸 United States English The California Electricity Consumption dashboard illustrates the state’s historical electricity consumption by agency, sector, and county. Data is sourced from Quarterly Fuel and Energy Report (QFER) California Energy Commission (CEC) Form 1306A Schedule 1, which requires utility distribution companies (UDCs) to report the amount of electricity they deliver monthly to end-use customers, along with self-generation datasets. This electricity consumption data is further used to analyze electricity demand for local planning and California’s energy demand forecasts. Electricity sales and delivery data are collected quarterly under the authority of the California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Section 1306(a). Annual statewide electricity consumption can be explored by sector, agency, and county. Each sector consists of several codes defined by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Some forecast models, such as those for agriculture & water pumping, commercial building, “transportation, communications, & utilities” (TCU), industrial, and mining, are based on sector-level data subdivided by NAICS categories. These categories consist of census-defined NAICS subsectors and Energy Commission-defined category codes. The data presented in this dashboard was previously available through the California Energy Consumption Database Management (ECDMS).

United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Supply: Generation: Industrial Sector data was reported at 0.452 kWh/Day bn in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.435 kWh/Day bn for Nov 2019. United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Supply: Generation: Industrial Sector data is updated monthly, averaging 0.431 kWh/Day bn from Mar 2016 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.461 kWh/Day bn in Jul 2019 and a record low of 0.377 kWh/Day bn in Apr 2016. United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Supply: Generation: Industrial Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.RB069: Electricity Supply and Consumption: Forecast: Energy Information Administration.

This dataset contains information on electricity demand forecast zones for California.

This dataset contains 40 years (1980-2019) of simulated historical hourly electricity demand (i.e., loads) and 80 years (2020-2099) of projected hourly loads for 54 Balancing Authorities (BAs) and 48 states plus the District of Columbia. Details about the scenarios and variables included in this dataset are in the readme.pdf file. The two primary models that created the dataset are a version of the Global Change Analysis Model with detailed sectoral resolution over the United States (GCAM-USA) and the Total ELectricity Loads (TELL) model. Links to the model source code and workflow for deriving the dataset are provided in an accompanying meta-repository: https://github.com/IMMM-SFA/burleyson-etal_2023_applied_energy. Projections are for four future climate scenarios that represent combinations of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 combined with two levels of climate model sensitivities: rcp45cooler, rcp45hotter, rcp85cooler, and rcp85hotter. The four climate scenarios are crossed with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) 3 and 5 to yield eight different future load projections: rcp45cooler_ssp3, rcp45cooler_ssp5, rcp45hotter_ssp3, rcp45hotter_ssp5, rcp85cooler_ssp3, rcp85cooler_ssp5, rcp85hotter_ssp3, and rcp85hotter_ssp5. The climate scenarios are from the IM3 Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) dataset which is linked below in the related metadata. The related metadata also contains links to a repository containing the raw GCAM-USA output files.

Forecast: Solar Energy Consumption in North America 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

The Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) dataset is a report released by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). It provides near-term forecasts and analysis of energy market trends in the United States.

The dataset covers various aspects of the energy sector, including

• Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels: Information on crude oil production, imports, and prices. It also includes forecasts for gasoline and diesel fuel prices.
• Natural Gas: Data on natural gas production, consumption, prices, and storage levels.
• Electricity: Forecasts for electricity generation, consumption, and prices, as well as information on capacity and fuel sources.
• Renewable Energy: Coverage of renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric power, including forecasts for their contribution to overall energy production.
• Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Analysis of trends in carbon dioxide emissions related to energy consumption.
• International Energy Trends: Information on global energy markets, including oil prices, production, and consumption.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16711385%2F5f737a60a6c2b8361b5216d87f20004b%2Fhero.jpg?generation=1705178093272963&alt=media" alt="">

Acknowledgement

U.S. Energy Information Administration

United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Supply: Generation data was reported at 11.310 kWh/Day bn in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.435 kWh/Day bn for Nov 2019. United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Supply: Generation data is updated monthly, averaging 11.107 kWh/Day bn from Mar 2016 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.097 kWh/Day bn in Jul 2016 and a record low of 9.764 kWh/Day bn in Apr 2019. United States EIA Forecast: Electricity Supply: Generation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.RB069: Electricity Supply and Consumption: Forecast: Energy Information Administration.

The size of the North America Thermal Power Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 0.91% during the forecast period. The North American thermal power market accounts for a dominant share in the regional energy scenario, mainly on account of the generation of electricity from fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and oil. Despite the fact that conventional reliance has been on coal-based power plants, the market has witnessed a marked shift toward natural gas, largely given its significantly lower emissions and sufficiently large supply quantity, especially after the technologies related to hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling became available. This transition is transforming the landscape of thermal power as natural gas plants are coming into favor, increasingly due to their flexibility and efficiency. With electricity demand remaining on a high growth trajectory, thermal power remains an indispensable component of the security of supply, offering baseload power. Challenges in the market are, however growing; they include strict environmental regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that are forcing many utilities to close or repurpose coal plants. The penetration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, is also taking an increasing influence over the dynamics of the thermal power market. The opportunities are plenty, though challenges abound, for added efficiency and retrofitting the existing power plants with cleaner technologies. Innovations in carbon capture and storage (CCS) may further increase the sustainability of thermal power generation. Thus, while change abounds, this market for thermal power in North America is transforming but still at the heart of energy mix in the region Recent developments include: November 2023: GE Vernova’s Gas Power business announced that it would support the development of an end-to-end green hydrogen system that Duke Energy plans to build and operate at its DeBary plant, located in Volusia County, Florida, near Orlando. When operational in 2024, the new hydrogen system will provide peak power to Duke’s customers at times of increased electricity demand. The plant is expected to be the first in the United States and among the world’s first power plants to produce and use green hydrogen to power a gas turbine for peaking power applications when the grid requires additional electrical generation to meet demand. The production, storage, and end-use will be co-located at the DeBary power plant. GE Vernova will support the integration of the turbine with green hydrogen, including the upgrade of one of the four GE 7E gas turbines installed at the site to accommodate hydrogen fuel blends of significant volumes., November 2022: The United States Government announced that eight natural gas-fired combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants had come online in the United States. Based on estimates and data from the United States Monthly Electric Generator Inventory, these new plants were expected to add 7,775 megawatts (MW) of electric-generating capacity to the United States electric grid., May 2022: JERA Co., Inc., through its subsidiary JERA Americas Inc., entered into a stock purchase agreement with an affiliate of funds managed by Stonepeak for the acquisition of a 100% interest in the thermal power generation projects in Massachusetts and Maine in the United States. The two projects, which had a combined capacity of approximately 1.63 GW, are the Canal Thermal Power Station in Massachusetts and the Bucksport Thermal Power Station in Maine.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Increasing Investments in Thermal Power Plants. Potential restraints include: 4., Increase in Renewable Energy Share in the Total Power Generation Mix. Notable trends are: Natural Gas to Dominate the Market.

This dataset is the United States Renewable Energy Consumption by Sector and Source, part of the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA's) Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) that highlights changes in the AEO Reference case projections for key energy topics. The Annual Energy Outlook presents a projection and analysis of US energy supply, demand, and prices several decades into the future. The projections are based on results from the EIA's National Energy Modeling System.

Scenario data from the Electrification Futures Study Scenarios of Electric Technology Adoption and Power Consumption for the United States report. Annual projections from 2017 to 2050 of electric technology adoption and energy consumption for five scenarios reference electrification medium electrification high electrification electrification potential and low electricity growth. Each scenario assumes moderate technology advancement as described by Jadun et al. 2017 https//www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70485.pdf.

Since 2020, global data center power demand has significantly increased, with artificial intelligence (AI) forecast to require *** terawatt-hours by 2030. Global data center power demand has increased year-on-year since 2019 and reached *** terawatt-hours in the United States in 2023 when excluding AI use.

The Short Term Energy Outlook is a monthly report of the U.S. Energy Information Administration with forecasts and history of energy production, consumption, and trade for electricity, petroleum, natural gas, coal, nuclear, and renewable sources. Archived from https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/

This archive contains raw input data for the Public Utility Data Liberation (PUDL) software developed by Catalyst Cooperative. It is organized into "https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Packages. For additional information about this data and PUDL, see the following resources:

• The PUDL Repository on GitHub
• PUDL Documentation
• Other Catalyst Cooperative data archives

Industrial Demand Response for Power Markets Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global market size for Industrial Demand Response for Power Markets reached USD 2.84 billion in 2024, with robust momentum driven by the ongoing digital transformation of power grids and increasing industrial energy consumption. The market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 13.2% from 2025 to 2033, attaining a forecasted value of USD 8.45 billion by 2033. The primary growth factor underpinning this surge is the urgent need for grid stability, energy efficiency, and cost optimization within energy-intensive industries, as utilities and regulators worldwide push for smarter, more responsive energy management solutions.

The growth trajectory of the Industrial Demand Response for Power Markets is propelled by several interlinked drivers. The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind has introduced volatility and unpredictability in power supply, making demand response solutions indispensable for balancing supply and demand in real time. As industries face mounting pressure to reduce carbon footprints and energy costs, demand response programs offer a strategic avenue to optimize energy usage during peak and off-peak periods. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks in key markets are evolving to incentivize participation in demand response programs, with utilities offering financial rewards to industrial users who can curtail or shift their electricity consumption during grid stress events. This convergence of environmental, economic, and regulatory imperatives is fostering a fertile environment for market expansion.

Another significant growth factor is the rapid advancement in digital technologies and automation within industrial environments. The proliferation of IoT sensors, advanced analytics, and cloud-based platforms is enabling real-time monitoring and control of industrial loads, thereby facilitating both automated and manual demand response. Industrial players are increasingly leveraging these technologies to participate in ancillary services markets, such as frequency regulation and spinning reserves, which further enhances the business case for demand response adoption. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning is also empowering industries to forecast demand patterns, optimize energy procurement strategies, and maximize financial returns from demand response participation, thus accelerating market penetration.

Additionally, the rising frequency of extreme weather events and the aging infrastructure of electric grids in many regions have heightened the risk of grid instability and blackouts. This has underscored the critical role of industrial demand response in enhancing grid reliability and resilience. Industrial facilities, with their large and flexible loads, are uniquely positioned to provide rapid and substantial demand reductions when called upon by grid operators. This capability not only helps avert grid failures but also opens up new revenue streams for industrial participants through capacity and energy trading markets. As the electrification of industrial processes continues and global energy demand escalates, the importance of demand response as a grid management tool is set to grow exponentially.

From a regional perspective, North America currently leads the Industrial Demand Response for Power Markets landscape, accounting for over 38% of global market share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific. The United States, in particular, benefits from mature regulatory frameworks, high industrial electricity consumption, and significant investments in smart grid technologies. Europe is witnessing accelerated adoption due to ambitious decarbonization targets and energy market liberalization, while Asia Pacific is rapidly emerging as a high-growth region driven by industrialization, urbanization, and grid modernization initiatives. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, though still nascent, are expected to witness steady growth as energy infrastructure investments and regulatory support intensify over the forecast period.