Wholesale electricity prices in the European Union (EU) increased in 2024 after recovering from the global energy crisis in 2023. This was the result of a myriad of factors, including increased demand in the “post-pandemic” economic recovery, a rise in natural gas and coal prices, and a decline in renewable power generation due to low wind speeds and drought. Nuclear power's critical role In 2023, nuclear and wind were among the leading sources of electricity generation in the EU, accounting for more than one-third of the output. Nuclear energy continues to play a crucial role in the European Union's electricity mix, generating approximately 619 terawatt-hours in 2023, which accounted for about 20 percent of the region's power production. However, the future of nuclear power in Europe is uncertain, with some countries like Germany phasing out their nuclear plants while others maintain their reliance on this energy source. The varied approaches to nuclear power across EU member states contribute to the differences in electricity prices and supply stability throughout the region.

Renewable energy's growing impact As Europe strives to decarbonize its energy sector, renewable sources are gaining prominence. Wind power in Europe, in particular, has seen significant growth, with installed capacity in Europe reaching 257.1 gigawatt hours in 2023. This expansion of renewable energy infrastructure is gradually reshaping the electricity market, potentially leading to more stable prices in the long term. However, the intermittent nature of some renewable sources, such as wind and solar, can still contribute to price fluctuations, especially during periods of low output.

The report covers European Energy Market Overview and it is segmented by power generation (thermal, hydroelectric, renewables, and other types), power transmission and distribution, and geography (Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Italy, and the Rest of Europe). The market size and forecast in installed capacity (GW) for all the above segments.

In 2023, the electricity production in Europe stood at 3,805.1 terawatt-hours. This represented a decrease of nearly 2.4 percent in comparison to the previous year. The generation of electricity in the continent reached the lowest figure in nearly two decades in 2020, as a result of decreased demand amidst the coronavirus pandemic.

In 2023, Europe's electricity consumption per capita amounted to nearly six megawatt-hours, down from 6.1 megawatt-hours per person in the previous year. Across the continent, electricity use varies greatly. In 2023, Iceland had the largest electricity consumption per capita in Europe, at around 52 megawatt-hours per person.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Gas was the leading source of energy in Europe in December 2024, with over 120 terawatt-hours of electricity production. Other significant sources of electricity generation in the continent in the past year were nuclear energy and coal.

An appropriate deployment of energy storage technologies is of primary importance for the transition towards an energy system. For that reason, this database has been created as a complement for the Study on energy storage - contribution to the security of the electricity supply in Europe.

The database includes three different approaches:

• Energy storage technologies: All existing energy storage technologies with their characteristics.

• Front of the meter facilities: List of all energy storage facilities in the EU-28, operational or in project, that are connected to the generation and the transmission grid with their characteristics.

• Behind the meter energy storage: Installed capacity per country of all energy storage systems in the residential, commercial and industrial infrastructures.

The purpose of this database is to give a global view of all energy storage technologies. They are sorted in five categories, depending on the type of energy acting as a reservoir. Relevant types of data for each technology have been highlighted.

The average for 2022 based on 43 countries was 40.84 million kilowatts. The highest value was in Russia: 303.02 million kilowatts and the lowest value was in Gibraltar: 0.05 million kilowatts. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Key information about European Union Electricity Production

• Electricity Production in European Union reached 240,934 GWh in Dec 2024, compared with 224,888 GWh in the previous month.
• Electricity Production data of EU is updated monthly averaging at 220,184 GWh from Oct 2008 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 277,685 GWh in Jan 2011 and a record low of 189,835 GWh in Apr 2020.

CEIC extends history for monthly Electricity Generation. Eurostat provides Electricity Generation of EU 27 excluding UK. Electricity Generation prior to January 2013 is calculated as the sum of Electricity Generation of EU 27 and Croatia minus United Kingdom. Net Electricity Generation is used.

Access to electricity (% of population) in European Union was reported at 100 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Access to electricity (% of population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

European Data Center Power Market is Segmented by Type (Solutions (Power Distribution Unit, UPS, Busway, Other Solutions), Services (Consulting, System Integration, Professional Service)), End-User Application (Information Technology, Manufacturing, BFSI, Government, Telecom), Country (United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Rest of Europe). The Market Sizes and Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD) for all the Above Segments.

Graph and download economic data for Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: Electricity, Gas, Solid Fuels and Heat Energy for European Union (ELGAS0EUCCM086NEST) from Jan 1996 to Feb 2025 about heating, EU, fuels, electricity, harmonized, energy, gas, Europe, CPI, price index, indexes, and price.

European Union Energy TI: EU 27E: ow: Electricity and Heat Generation data was reported at 500,976.649 TOE th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 532,295.219 TOE th for 2022. European Union Energy TI: EU 27E: ow: Electricity and Heat Generation data is updated yearly, averaging 603,613.788 TOE th from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 672,012.808 TOE th in 2006 and a record low of 500,976.649 TOE th in 2023. European Union Energy TI: EU 27E: ow: Electricity and Heat Generation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.RB002: Energy Transformation Input and Output.

The Copernicus climate change service (C3S) operational energy dataset provides climate and energy indicators for the European energy sector. The climate-relevant indicators for the energy sector considered are: air temperature, precipitation, incoming solar radiation, wind speed at 10 m and 100 m, and mean sea level air pressure. The energy indicators are electricity demand and power generation from various sources: wind (both onshore and offshore), solar and hydro (run-of-river and reservoir) power. Depending on the indicator, the data are available at the national, regional and grid (approximately 30x30 km) level for most European countries. The spatial aggregation of data over land uses the Eurostat NUTS0 & NUTS2 (Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques, 2016) regions. The offshore variables (e.g. offshore wind power) use the European maritime region definitions MAR0 and MAR1. Further information on the NUTS and MAR regions can be found in the documentation. The C3S Energy operational service is composed of three main streams: historical (1979-present), seasonal forecasts and projections (typically covering the period 1970-2100). This historical dataset (1979-present) produces reference climate variables based on the ERA5 reanalysis. Energy variables are generated by transforming the climate variables using a combination of statistical models and physically based data. A comprehensive set of measured energy supply and demand data has been collected from various sources such as the European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E). These data provide a crucial reference to assess the robustness of the models used to convert climate into electric energy variables. Data is provided for the European domain, in a multi-variable, multi-timescale view of the climate and energy systems. This is beneficial in anticipating important climate-driven changes in the energy sector, through either long-term planning or medium-term operational activities. This is also used to investigate the role of temperature on electricity demand across Europe, as well as its interaction with the variability of renewable energy generation.

This data set models the continental European electricity system, including demand and renewable energy inflows for the period 2012-2014.

The main features of the data set are:

• High resolution (~50km, 1 hour) and large extent (Mainland Europe, 3 years)
• Technical & economic characteristics of generators from real-world data and best available estimates
• Synthetic wind and solar observations and forecasts from numerical weather prediction models, describing the full spatio-temporal structure of the wind

The transmission system comprises 1494 buses and 2156 lines, and is fitted based on [1].
The location, capacity and fuel type for 969 real-world generators are given based on the information in [2], and these are supplied with full cost specifications estimated based on fuel type [3].
For each bus, signals for load [4, 5], wind and solar production is given for each hour of the three years, with the wind and solar signals based on meteorological weather data from [6,7].
Further, at hour 00 and 12, forecasts for the solar and wind production are given for the following 91 hours, based on weather data from [6].
All spatially-distributed data is aggregated to the nodal domain by summation/averaging over the area closest to each node.

Wind and solar signals and forecast are given as capacity factors, i.e. production relative to rated power. To use the renewable signals, a capacity layout must be specified, which assigns an installed solar and wind capacity to each node.
We supply two sets of capacity layouts, both scaled so the mean yearly production of (solar, wind) is equal the mean yearly load across EU.
The Uniform layout is scaled to make the capacity in each node proportional to the area aggregated by that node - i.e. capacity is distributed uniformly across EU.
The Proportional layout is scaled to make the capacity in each node proportional to the area aggregated by that node times the mean yearly capacity factor of the resource at that node - i.e. capacity is installed preferentially in nodes with high capacity factors.

The data is intended for use in, e.g:

• Operational studies with markets
• Investment studies (generation capacity and transmission)
• Evaluation of future energy scenarios

The authors are partly supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research through the project ``5s --- Future Electricity Markets'', no. 12--132636/DSF.

Dataset associated with the paper 'Towards renewable electricity in Europe: Revisiting the determinants of renewable electricity in the European Union' submitted to Renewable Energy. It includes price, policy, and control variables for electricity and other energy sources for 29 countries in Europe over the period 2000-2016.

The average for 2022 based on 43 countries was 0.08 million kilowatts. The highest value was in Turkey: 1.69 million kilowatts and the lowest value was in Albania: 0 million kilowatts. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Nuclear plants are the main source of electricity in the European Union, accounting for approximately 619 terawatt-hours in 2023, around 20 percent of the power produced that year. Wind followed, with 470 terawatt-hours generated. Among fossil fuels, gas was the largest contributor, with some 450 terawatt-hours. Nuclear power in the EU France is the main contributor to nuclear power production in the EU, accounting for almost half of the region’s total output in 2022. Spain and Sweden were also among the main producers that year. Despite remaining the leading source of electricity, nuclear power generation in the EU has been on a mostly downward trend for more than a decade, with many countries committed to shutting down remaining reactors like Germany did in April 2023. Fossil fuel persistence in the EU Renewable electricity production in the EU has grown in the past decade. Nevertheless, fossil fuels still persist in the region’s electricity mix, with over 800 terawatt-hours generated in 2023. In fact, coal-fired electricity production in the EU even increased in 2022. This was a result of low renewable output – in particular wind and hydropower – in addition to rising natural gas prices.