In 2022, the average end-use electricity price in the United States stood at around 12.2 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. This figure is projected to decrease in the coming three decades, to reach some 11 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour by 2050.

Wholesale electricity prices in the United Kingdom hit a record-high in 2022, reaching **** British pence per kilowatt-hour that year. Projections indicate that prices are bound to decrease steadily in the next few years, falling under **** pence per kilowatt-hour by 2030.

Retail residential electricity prices in the United States have mostly risen over the last decades. In 2023, prices registered a year-over-year growth of 6.3 percent, the highest growth registered since the beginning of the century. Residential prices are projected to continue to grow by two percent in 2024. Drivers of electricity price growth The price of electricity is partially dependent on the various energy sources used for generation, such as coal, gas, oil, renewable energy, or nuclear. In the U.S., electricity prices are highly connected to natural gas prices. As the commodity is exposed to international markets that pay a higher rate, U.S. prices are also expected to rise, as it has been witnessed during the energy crisis in 2022. Electricity demand is also expected to increase, especially in regions that will likely require more heating or cooling as climate change impacts progress, driving up electricity prices. Which states pay the most for electricity? Electricity prices can vary greatly depending on both state and region. Hawaii has the highest electricity prices in the U.S., at roughly 43 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour as of May 2023, due to the high costs of crude oil used to fuel the state’s electricity. In comparison, Idaho has one of the lowest retail rates. Much of the state’s energy is generated from hydroelectricity, which requires virtually no fuel. In addition, construction costs can be spread out over decades.

The Electricity Supply industry has developed considerably since its liberalisation in 1999. Following a period in which the Big Six suppliers dominated, energy regulator Ofgem endeavoured to introduce greater competition to the market as part of attempts to drive down energy bills. Major mergers and acquisitions effectively brought the dominance of the former Big Six suppliers to an end at the end of 2019-20. Along with weakening electricity consumption, swelling competition has applied further pressure on revenue in recent years. Electricity suppliers' revenue is slated to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.7% to reach £49.8 billion over the five years through 2024-25. The introduction of the standard variable tariff price cap in January 2019 squeezed revenue growth. The pandemic exacerbated the drop in revenue, as widespread tariff reductions compounded the effects of reduced electricity consumption. With suppliers bound by the energy price cap, soaring wholesale prices led to widening operating losses in 2021-22, albeit with a modest revenue recovery. A renewed spike in wholesale prices led to a continued wave of insolvencies among energy suppliers going into 2022-23, with 31 suppliers falling victim to the energy crisis. Soaring non-domestic energy bills and significant hikes to the SVT price cap spurred significant revenue growth in 2022-23, while the transfer of customer accounts from failed suppliers reinstated the dominance of major suppliers. The introduction of the Energy Price Guarantee (EPG) and support for business energy customers prevented energy prices from spiralling out of control going into 2023-24. A faster-than-anticipated drop in wholesale electricity prices has eased pressure on operating profit in the current year, contributing to an estimated 10.1% revenue contraction. Revenue is forecast to sink at a compound annual rate of 0.9% to £47.6 billion over the five years through 2029-30. Prices will remain elevated in the medium term as concerns surrounding supplies of Russian fossil fuels into Europe inflate wholesale costs. Wholesale prices are set to stabilise in the long term, spurring tariff reductions. The continued drop in electricity consumption is also set to limit growth prospects in the coming years.

Germany Electricity decreased 51.50 EUR/MWh or 44.50% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Germany Electricity Price.

UK Electricity decreased 30.95 GBP/MWh or 30.21% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.

The electricity delivery process has experienced a major shift in recent years, driven by a push to reduce emissions. Governments across Europe are actively moving away from conventional sources of electricity generation, leading to a decline in the continent's dependency on fossil fuels. In 2022, nearly 40% of electricity generated in the EU came from renewable sources, compared with 25% in 2012. The rise of renewables has spurred an influx of renewable generators and necessitated increased investment in electricity networks. This has lifted revenue for transmission and distribution network operators. Revenue is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 7.1% over the five years through 2024, reaching €3.2 billion. Falling wholesale prices and a reduction in overall electricity consumption spurred a drop in revenue during the pandemic. Excess demand for natural gas as economies loosened pandemic-related restrictions spurred a strong rebound in wholesale electricity prices in 2021, translating to a jump in revenue. Wholesale prices recorded a renewed spike following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, spurring a surge in revenue generated by electricity producers and suppliers. Renewable generators were able to rake in extra profits from electricity sold to wholesale markets at inflated prices, counterbalancing a significant rise in costs for fossil fuel generators and electricity suppliers. Revenue is forecast to decline by 8.6% in 2024 as wholesale prices continue to decline from record highs and electricity consumption remains subdued. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 0.5% over the five years through 2029 to €3.2 billion. The revised Renewable Energy Directive of the EU has set a goal for 69% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2030. Electricity generators will continue expanding their renewables capacity, while investment in upgrading the electricity network to accommodate the rapid shift to renewables will boost income for transmission and distribution network operators. Rising renewable electricity generation will place downward pressure on wholesale prices, while a long-term decline in electricity consumption in advanced economies will weigh on revenue.

The recently proposed in the energy literature approach to short-term electricity price forecasting, based on explicit accounting for the long-term price dynamic (i.e. its independent modeling), has demonstrated its efficiency in gaining forecast accuracy. But the practical implementation of this approach has certain impediments, because the "true" trend-cyclical component is unknown in most cases, while the choice of the method and the degree of smoothing of a time-series to estimate this component can only be made by experts on an a priori basis. If such choice is made incorrectly, this eliminates the mentioned advantage of this approach, and may lead to accuracy loss as compared even to less sophisticated forecasting methods. In the current research we call it the a priori knowledge issue and study some possible solutions of this problem. We show that the adaptive methods of trend estimation, which are based on different algorithms of the empirical mode decomposition, while not requiring any a priori setups, still, do not solve the studied issue. In turn, forecast combining conducted for individual models (based on different methods and degrees of time-series smoothing) allows not only to mitigate the need of making a priori choices, but also has lower forecast error and, thus, performs better than individual models. We also propose a new approach to forecast combining (based on p-values of a model confidence set) and show that it outperforms a number of well-established classic forecast averaging schemes (simple averaging, constrained OLS, inverted root mean square errors). Finally, our research indicates that making an model confidence set based trimming of the pool of models before averaging of their forecasts does not lead to lower prediction errors relative to their untrimmed averaging. Hence, conducting such trimming does not provide any extra advantages in solving the a priori knowledge issue.

The retail price for electricity in the United States stood at an average of ***** U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour in 2024. This is the highest figure reported in the indicated period. Nevertheless, the U.S. still has one of the lowest electricity prices worldwide. As a major producer of primary energy, energy prices are lower than in countries that are more reliant on imports or impose higher taxes. Regional variations and sector disparities The impact of rising electricity costs across U.S. states is not uniform. Hawaii stands out with the highest household electricity price, reaching a staggering ***** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour in September 2024. This stark contrast is primarily due to Hawaii's heavy reliance on imported oil for power generation. On the other hand, states like Utah benefit from lower rates, with prices around **** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. Regarding U.S. prices by sector, residential customers have borne the brunt of price increases, paying an average of ***** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour in 2023, significantly more than commercial and industrial sectors. Factors driving price increases Several factors contribute to the upward trend in electricity prices. The integration of renewable energy sources, investments in smart grid technologies, and rising peak demand all play a role. Additionally, the global energy crisis of 2022 and natural disasters affecting power infrastructure have put pressure on the electric utility industry. The close connection between U.S. electricity prices and natural gas markets also influences rates, as domestic prices are affected by higher-paying international markets. Looking ahead, projections suggest a continued increase in electricity prices, with residential rates expected to grow by *** percent in 2024, driven by factors such as increased demand and the ongoing effects of climate change.

Spain Electricity decreased 42.76 EUR/MWh or 31.47% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Spain Electricity Price.

The electricity delivery process has experienced a major shift in recent years, driven by a push to reduce emissions. Governments across Europe are actively moving away from conventional sources of electricity generation, leading to a decline in the continent's dependency on fossil fuels. In 2022, nearly 40% of electricity generated in the EU came from renewable sources, compared with 25% in 2012. The rise of renewables has spurred an influx of renewable generators and necessitated increased investment in electricity networks. This has lifted revenue for transmission and distribution network operators. Revenue is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 7.1% over the five years through 2024, reaching €3.2 billion. Falling wholesale prices and a reduction in overall electricity consumption spurred a drop in revenue during the pandemic. Excess demand for natural gas as economies loosened pandemic-related restrictions spurred a strong rebound in wholesale electricity prices in 2021, translating to a jump in revenue. Wholesale prices recorded a renewed spike following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, spurring a surge in revenue generated by electricity producers and suppliers. Renewable generators were able to rake in extra profits from electricity sold to wholesale markets at inflated prices, counterbalancing a significant rise in costs for fossil fuel generators and electricity suppliers. Revenue is forecast to decline by 8.6% in 2024 as wholesale prices continue to decline from record highs and electricity consumption remains subdued. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 0.5% over the five years through 2029 to €3.2 billion. The revised Renewable Energy Directive of the EU has set a goal for 69% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2030. Electricity generators will continue expanding their renewables capacity, while investment in upgrading the electricity network to accommodate the rapid shift to renewables will boost income for transmission and distribution network operators. Rising renewable electricity generation will place downward pressure on wholesale prices, while a long-term decline in electricity consumption in advanced economies will weigh on revenue.

Italy Electricity decreased 19.35 EUR/MWh or 14.04% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Italy Electricity Price.

Electricity Trading Market Outlook

The global electricity trading market size was valued at approximately $X billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $X billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of X.X% from 2024 to 2032. This growth is driven by rising demand for energy, advancements in smart grid technologies, and the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources.

One of the primary growth factors in the electricity trading market is the global shift towards renewable energy sources. As nations strive to reduce their carbon footprints, the integration of renewable energy into the grid has become a critical strategy. This has created a complex and dynamic electricity market, where trading becomes essential for balancing supply and demand. Furthermore, the development of energy storage technologies like batteries is enhancing the reliability and efficiency of renewable energy, making it more viable and attractive for trading.

Another significant growth factor is the advancement in smart grid and digital technologies. The implementation of smart meters, IoT devices, and advanced analytics allows for real-time monitoring and management of energy consumption and distribution. These technologies facilitate more efficient electricity trading by providing accurate data and insights, enabling market participants to make informed decisions. Additionally, blockchain technology is being explored for its potential to create transparent and secure trading platforms, further driving the market's growth.

The deregulation and liberalization of electricity markets in various regions have also contributed to the growth of electricity trading. By breaking down monopolistic structures and allowing multiple players to participate in the market, competition is enhanced, leading to better pricing and innovation. This deregulation is particularly evident in regions like North America and Europe, where policies have been enacted to encourage market-based electricity systems, fostering a conducive environment for electricity trading.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness significant growth in the electricity trading market. The region's rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth are driving increased energy consumption. Moreover, countries like China and India are heavily investing in renewable energy projects and modernizing their grid infrastructure to support efficient electricity trading. The strong policy support and government incentives in these countries further bolster the market's expansion in the region.

Type Analysis

Electricity trading by type can be segmented into Day-Ahead Trading, Intraday Trading, and Forward Trading. Day-Ahead Trading involves buying and selling electricity one day before the actual delivery. This type of trading allows market participants to plan their electricity needs and manage their portfolios effectively. The growth of renewable energy sources, which are often intermittent, has increased the importance of Day-Ahead Trading for balancing supply and demand. Furthermore, advancements in forecasting technologies are improving the accuracy of day-ahead market predictions, making this segment more reliable and attractive.

Intraday Trading, on the other hand, occurs within the same day of delivery and provides a mechanism for market participants to manage unexpected changes in electricity supply or demand. This type of trading is becoming increasingly vital as the share of renewable energy grows, given its variability. The need for real-time adjustments in electricity trading to accommodate fluctuations in renewable energy generation is driving the growth of the Intraday Trading segment. Additionally, the rise of digital platforms and automation tools is facilitating quicker and more efficient intraday market transactions.

Forward Trading involves contracts for the purchase or sale of electricity for future delivery, ranging from months to years ahead. This segment is essential for hedging against price volatility and ensuring long-term price stability. Utilities and large industrial consumers often engage in forward contracts to secure their future electricity needs at predetermined prices. The increasing trend of long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs) with renewable energy providers is also boosting the growth of the Forward Tra

The electricity delivery process has experienced a major shift in recent years, driven by a push to reduce emissions. Governments across Europe are actively moving away from conventional sources of electricity generation, leading to a decline in the continent's dependency on fossil fuels. In 2022, nearly 40% of electricity generated in the EU came from renewable sources, compared with 25% in 2012. The rise of renewables has spurred an influx of renewable generators and necessitated increased investment in electricity networks. This has lifted revenue for transmission and distribution network operators. Revenue is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 7.1% over the five years through 2024, reaching €3.2 billion. Falling wholesale prices and a reduction in overall electricity consumption spurred a drop in revenue during the pandemic. Excess demand for natural gas as economies loosened pandemic-related restrictions spurred a strong rebound in wholesale electricity prices in 2021, translating to a jump in revenue. Wholesale prices recorded a renewed spike following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, spurring a surge in revenue generated by electricity producers and suppliers. Renewable generators were able to rake in extra profits from electricity sold to wholesale markets at inflated prices, counterbalancing a significant rise in costs for fossil fuel generators and electricity suppliers. Revenue is forecast to decline by 8.6% in 2024 as wholesale prices continue to decline from record highs and electricity consumption remains subdued. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 0.5% over the five years through 2029 to €3.2 billion. The revised Renewable Energy Directive of the EU has set a goal for 69% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2030. Electricity generators will continue expanding their renewables capacity, while investment in upgrading the electricity network to accommodate the rapid shift to renewables will boost income for transmission and distribution network operators. Rising renewable electricity generation will place downward pressure on wholesale prices, while a long-term decline in electricity consumption in advanced economies will weigh on revenue.

The global wind and light power forecast system market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for accurate and timely power predictions to optimize renewable energy integration and grid stability. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors: the rising adoption of renewable energy sources like wind and solar, stricter government regulations promoting energy efficiency and grid modernization, and advancements in forecasting technologies offering improved accuracy and shorter lead times. The market is segmented by forecast type (super short-term, short-term, mid-to-long-term) and deployment mode (cloud and local). While cloud deployment currently dominates due to scalability and cost-effectiveness, local deployment solutions are gaining traction in scenarios requiring low latency and enhanced security. The market is geographically diverse, with North America and Europe representing significant shares, driven by substantial investments in renewable energy infrastructure and advanced grid management systems. However, Asia-Pacific is witnessing rapid growth, particularly in China and India, fueled by burgeoning renewable energy capacity additions and supportive government policies. Competition in the market is intense, with both established players and emerging technology providers vying for market share. The forecast period (2025-2033) is anticipated to witness significant expansion as the global transition towards sustainable energy accelerates. The restraining factors impacting market growth include the high initial investment costs associated with implementing advanced forecasting systems, challenges in accurately predicting highly intermittent renewable energy sources, and the need for robust data infrastructure to support accurate forecasting models. However, ongoing technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and data analytics are mitigating these challenges, leading to more accurate and reliable power forecasts. Furthermore, government incentives and subsidies are stimulating market growth by reducing the financial barriers to entry for renewable energy developers and grid operators. The ongoing expansion of smart grids and the increasing adoption of energy storage solutions are also expected to fuel the market’s growth in the coming years. Future market growth is projected to be particularly strong in regions with ambitious renewable energy targets and robust economic growth.

The centralized power forecast system market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for reliable and accurate power forecasting across various applications. The market's expansion is fueled by the rising adoption of renewable energy sources, the growing demand for grid stability and efficiency, and the increasing complexity of power systems. Short-term forecasting, crucial for real-time grid management and optimization, currently dominates the market, but significant growth is expected in middle and long-term forecasting segments as utilities and grid operators plan for future energy needs and infrastructure investments. Cloud deployment solutions are gaining popularity due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility, while local deployments remain relevant for specific applications requiring low latency and enhanced data security. North America and Europe are currently leading the market, but the Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is projected to witness substantial growth driven by rapid economic development and increasing energy consumption. Technological advancements, such as the integration of advanced machine learning algorithms and improved weather data integration, are further bolstering market expansion. Competitive forces within the market are shaping its trajectory. Established players like AEMO (Australian Energy Market Operator) and Greening the Grid are leveraging their expertise and existing infrastructure to maintain a strong market presence. Meanwhile, specialized meteorological data providers such as Vaisala and Meteomatics are playing a significant role in supplying accurate input data for forecasting models. The emergence of innovative technology companies like Energy & Meteo, State Power Rixin Technology, and Changyuan Technology Group is introducing new solutions and enhancing competition. Challenges remain in achieving highly accurate long-term forecasts due to inherent uncertainties in energy consumption patterns and renewable energy generation. However, ongoing research and development efforts in advanced forecasting techniques are expected to alleviate these challenges in the coming years. Overall, the centralized power forecast system market is poised for significant expansion, driven by technological advancements, evolving energy landscapes, and the ever-increasing demand for reliable and efficient power grids.

This statistic shows the projected price of electricity for final demand sectors in the United Kingdom, from 2020 to 2050. The projections form part of the EU Reference Scenario 2016, providing a framework by which energy and environment policy can be assessed.The price of electricity is to fall after 2030, eventually reaching *** euros per megawatt hours in 2050.

The global electricity trading market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a market size of $314.45 billion in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.6% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. The increasing integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, necessitates sophisticated trading mechanisms to manage their intermittent nature and optimize grid stability. Furthermore, deregulation and liberalization of electricity markets in many regions are fostering competition and creating opportunities for new market participants. The growing demand for electricity across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, particularly in rapidly developing economies in Asia-Pacific, is fueling market growth. Day-ahead and intraday trading are key segments, with day-ahead trading currently dominating due to its established infrastructure and predictability, while intraday trading is experiencing rapid growth as smart grids and real-time data analytics become more prevalent. Technological advancements, including the development of advanced trading platforms and data analytics tools, are further enhancing market efficiency and transparency. However, challenges remain, including grid infrastructure limitations in some regions, regulatory uncertainties, and price volatility associated with fluctuating energy sources. The geographical distribution of the market reveals significant regional variations. North America and Europe currently hold substantial market shares, driven by mature electricity markets and established trading infrastructure. However, the Asia-Pacific region is projected to exhibit the most significant growth in the forecast period due to rapid economic expansion and increasing energy demand in countries like China and India. The Middle East and Africa are also witnessing growth, albeit at a slower pace, driven by ongoing infrastructure development and investments in renewable energy projects. Competitive dynamics are intense, with a mix of established energy giants, specialized trading companies, and emerging players vying for market share. Strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions, and technological innovation are key competitive strategies employed by market participants. The long-term outlook for the electricity trading market remains positive, fueled by continued growth in renewable energy, deregulation, and technological advancements. However, companies need to navigate regulatory changes, price volatility, and cyber security risks to maintain a strong market position.

Energy Prices In the Euro Area decreased to 143.35 points in May from 145.11 points in April of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Energy Prices.