A comprehensive dataset of average residential, commercial, and combined electricity rates in cents per kWh for all 50 U.S. states.

Industrial consumers of electricity in the United States paid an average of 8.06 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour in 2023. This figure marked a decrease compared to the previous year, when prices peaked at 8.3 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour.

Ireland, Italy, and Germany had some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide, as of March 2025. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.45 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.43 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

A table listing the average electricity rates (kWh) of all 50 U.S. states as of March 2025.

NREL has assembled a list of U.S. retail electricity tariffs and their associated demand charge rates for the Commercial and Industrial sectors. The data was obtained from the Utility Rate Database. Keep the following information in mind when interpreting the data: (1) These data were interpreted and transcribed manually from utility tariff sheets, which are often complex. It is a certainty that these data contain errors, and therefore should only be used as a reference. Actual utility tariff sheets should be consulted if an action requires this type of data. (2) These data only contains tariffs that were entered into the Utility Rate Database. Since not all tariffs are designed in a format that can be entered into the Database, this list is incomplete - it does not contain all tariffs in the United States. (3) These data may have changed since this list was developed (4) Many of the underlying tariffs have additional restrictions or requirements that are not represented here. For example, they may only be available to the agricultural sector or closed to new customers. (5) If there are multiple demand charge elements in a given tariff, the maximum demand charge is the sum of each of the elements at any point in time. Where tiers were present, the highest rate tier was assumed. The value is a maximum for the year, and may be significantly different from demand charge rates at other times in the year. Utility Rate Database: https://openei.org/wiki/Utility_Rate_Database

Hawaii is the state with the highest household electricity price in the United States. In September 2024, the average retail price of electricity for Hawaiian residences amounted to 41.27 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. California followed in second, with 30.221 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. Meanwhile, Utah registered the lowest price in the period, at around 11.4 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. Why is electricity so expensive in Hawaii? Fossil fuels, and specifically oil, account for approximately 80 percent of Hawaii’s electricity mix, so the electricity price in this state can be roughly brought down to the price of oil in the country. Oil was by far the most expensive fossil fuel used for electricity generation in the country. As Hawaii depends on oil imports, the cost of transportation and infrastructure must be added to the oil price. Electricity prices worldwide The U.S. retail price for electricity increased almost every year since 1990. In 2023, it stood at 12.7 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour, almost double the charge put on electricity back in 1990. However, household electricity prices are around 25 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour lower in the U.S. when compared to European countries reliant on energy imports, such as Germany and Italy.

Graph and download economic data for Unit Labor Costs for Utilities: Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (NAICS 2211) in the United States (IPUCN2211U100000000) from 1987 to 2024 about power transmission, distributive, unit labor cost, utilities, electricity, NAICS, and USA.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The retail price for electricity in the United States stood at an average of ***** U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour in 2024. This is the highest figure reported in the indicated period. Nevertheless, the U.S. still has one of the lowest electricity prices worldwide. As a major producer of primary energy, energy prices are lower than in countries that are more reliant on imports or impose higher taxes. Regional variations and sector disparities The impact of rising electricity costs across U.S. states is not uniform. Hawaii stands out with the highest household electricity price, reaching a staggering ***** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour in September 2024. This stark contrast is primarily due to Hawaii's heavy reliance on imported oil for power generation. On the other hand, states like Utah benefit from lower rates, with prices around **** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. Regarding U.S. prices by sector, residential customers have borne the brunt of price increases, paying an average of ***** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour in 2023, significantly more than commercial and industrial sectors. Factors driving price increases Several factors contribute to the upward trend in electricity prices. The integration of renewable energy sources, investments in smart grid technologies, and rising peak demand all play a role. Additionally, the global energy crisis of 2022 and natural disasters affecting power infrastructure have put pressure on the electric utility industry. The close connection between U.S. electricity prices and natural gas markets also influences rates, as domestic prices are affected by higher-paying international markets. Looking ahead, projections suggest a continued increase in electricity prices, with residential rates expected to grow by *** percent in 2024, driven by factors such as increased demand and the ongoing effects of climate change.

This dataset is restricted, for more information please contact the author. Data were collected from multiple sources:The Electricity & Co-Generation Regulatory AuthoritySaudi Electricity companyWeb news article (2015, December 28). Increase of Fuel, Electricity and Water prices. Retrieved from https://akhbaar24.argaam.com/article/detail/255091accessed on March 22, 2018.In October 1984, the government adopted a Tariff that increased with increasing consumption. The changes of Tariffs started in November 1984.Tariff approved by Council of Ministries 170 and become effective in October 2000. This Tariff remained effective for approximately ten years The residential, agricultural, mosques, and charitable societies remained unchanged till 2018In 2010, a new tariff for government, commercial, and industrial consumption came into force, this was adopted by a decision of ECRA's board, to set tariffs for non-residential consumption with an upper limit of SR0.26/kWh.In 2015, the total value of electricity consumed by the residential sector was worth about 38 billion U.S. dollars.In 2018, the Council of Ministers has approved gradual revision of energy prices in the Kingdom including changes to electricity tariffs effective from Jan. 1. 2018, the Electricity and Cogeneration Regulatory Authority (ECRA) announced that new prices will take effect on January 1st, 2018.source: ECRACitation: Alghamdi, Abeer. 2018. “Changes in Saudi Arabia Electricity Prices.” [dataset]. https://datasource.kapsarc.org/explore/dataset/electricity-prices-in-saudi-arabia/information/.

In 2024, the retail price of electricity for residential customers in the United States averaged 16.48 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. Households are charged more than the commercial and industrial sectors, because of the higher distribution costs. Since 2020, electricity customers have seen electricity prices increase in the U.S. and peak in 2024. The U.S. electricity market The U.S. electricity market is led by several types of electricity providers, such as cooperatives, municipal systems, and shareholder-owned electric utilities. In 2022, cooperatives were the most common type of ownership in the U.S., with more than 600 providers. That year, the U.S. electric utility industry revenue amounted to 488 billion U.S. dollars. Electricity prices around the world Electricity prices vary widely from country to country, depending on energy sources used, as well as government and industry subsidies and regulations. In 2023, Ireland and the United Kingdom had some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide. Meanwhile, U.S. households paid some of the lowest prices. However, leading oil and gas-producing regions such as the Middle East registered the cheapest rates overall.

Graph and download economic data for Unit Labor Costs for Manufacturing: Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment (NAICS 336320) in the United States (IPUEN336320U100000000) from 1987 to 2022 about unit labor cost, electronics, electricity, NAICS, IP, vehicles, equipment, manufacturing, and USA.

Power Electronic Testing Market Size

As per the report from Market.us, The Global Power Electronic Testing Market is anticipated to grow significantly, reaching approximately USD 25 billion by 2034, up from USD 6.4 billion in 2024. This growth reflects a robust CAGR of 14.60% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2034, driven by rising demand for reliable power systems, expanding electric vehicle (EV) production, and increasing renewable energy installations.

In 2024, the Asia-Pacific region held a leading position, accounting for 38.6% of the global market share with revenue totaling USD 2.4 billion. Among regional markets, China emerged as a key contributor, generating approximately USD 0.98 billion in revenue and projected to grow at a steady CAGR of 11.2%. This growth is being fueled by China’s aggressive investments in EV infrastructure, industrial automation, and national power grid modernization programs.

Electricity prices for industries in the United States increased over the past few years, peaking in summer 2022. Industrial electricity prices amounted to **** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour in May 2024, up from **** U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour the previous month. The average retail electricity price for industrial consumers in the United States stood at **** U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour in 2023.

US Tariff Impact on Market

The introduction of tariffs on electronic components has had a noticeable impact on the global ultra-low-power microcontroller market. In particular, sectors heavily reliant on imported raw materials and components have faced supply chain disruptions, increased production costs, and shifts in market dynamics. These tariffs primarily impact the consumer electronics and peripheral device segments, with an expected tariff impact of approximately 20-25% on affected components.

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• Economic Impact: Increased tariffs on microcontroller components have led to heightened costs for manufacturers, reducing profit margins. However, some companies are looking to pass on the costs to consumers, which may affect the overall market demand.
• Geographical Impact: The US market, a major hub for microcontroller consumption, faces a direct tariff burden, especially for products imported from regions like Asia. This has caused shifts in sourcing strategies, prompting manufacturers to explore alternatives outside of tariff-impacted regions.
• Business Impact: Companies are exploring innovative solutions, such as reshoring production or shifting to local suppliers, to mitigate the negative effects of tariffs. These adjustments could increase operational costs but potentially offer long-term benefits by enhancing supply chain resilience.

Electricity prices for household consumers - bi-annual data (from 2007 onwards) Copyright notice and free re-use of data on: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright

United States US: Mean Feed in Tariff For Solar PV Electricity Generation data was reported at 0.000 USD/kWh in 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD/kWh for 2017. United States US: Mean Feed in Tariff For Solar PV Electricity Generation data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD/kWh from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2018, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.100 USD/kWh in 2010 and a record low of 0.000 USD/kWh in 2018. United States US: Mean Feed in Tariff For Solar PV Electricity Generation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: OECD Member: Annual.