The COVID-19 pandemic caused unemployment and layoffs across the world, and hit youth particularly hard. This was particularly the case in South Asia, where the employment deficit was estimated to be above 12 percent in 2020 and 2021, compared to 2019 employment levels. Meanwhile, the deficit was estimated to have turned in Western, Southern, and Northern Europe by 2022.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused unemployment and layoffs across the world, and hit youth particularly hard. While the deficit was more than eight percent among youth in 2020, it was less than half of that among adults.

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in Trade surplus or deficit? Neither matters for changes in manufacturing employment shares, PIIE Working Paper 20-15.

If you use the data, please cite as: Lawrence, Robert Z. (2020). Trade surplus or deficit? Neither matters for changes in manufacturing employment shares. PIIE Working Paper 20-15. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused unemployment and layoffs across the world, hitting youth particularly hard. Moreover, it hit women harder than men in the beginning, but the deficit was estimated to be lower among female youth by 2021 and 2022.

Forecast: Net Operating Surplus in Employment Services in the US 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Forecast: Net Operating Surplus in Employment Services in Germany 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Forecast: Net Operating Surplus in Employment Services in Italy 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

This table contains 9 series, with data for years 1926 - 1950 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and is no longer being released. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada), Transactions (9 items: Surplus or deficit (net lending) as per Income and Expenditure Accounts; Surplus (+) or deficit (-) as per Rowell-Sirois and Public Accounts for fiscal years ended March 31; Difference between fiscal and calendar year; Extra-budgetary receipts (pension and social insurance funds); ...).

This dataset from the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides monthly estimates regarding total employment and unemployment, which together comprise the labor force. Our data extract lists all data published for North Carolina’s counties from January 2019 to the present. This dataset is a comprehensive nationwide representation using estimates derived from the national Current Population Survey (CPS) and American Community Survey 5-year estimates. No disaggregations by demographic or worker characteristics are included in the labor force estimate. Time series reports for each variable (employment, unemployment, and labor force) are available for each geography (county) using the BLS multi-screen data tool. Preliminary estimates are released within 30 days of each month and finalized within another 30 days, resulting in a 2-month data lag. The data is available from BLS for a variety of geographic areas, including states, MSAs, counties, cities and towns, and other census regions.

Venezuela Internal Income incl Compensation to Employees & Operating Surplus data was reported at 116,159,909.000 VEF th in 2003. This records an increase from the previous number of 93,633,073.000 VEF th for 2002. Venezuela Internal Income incl Compensation to Employees & Operating Surplus data is updated yearly, averaging 93,633,073.000 VEF th from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2003, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 116,159,909.000 VEF th in 2003 and a record low of 77,357,700.000 VEF th in 2001. Venezuela Internal Income incl Compensation to Employees & Operating Surplus data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Venezuela. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Venezuela – Table VE.A010: SNA 1968: GDP: National Income.

In 2024, there were 7014,90 open job positions in Germany. Since the beginning of the timeline, 2011, the number of job vacancies has only increased. In 2022, there were almost double the number of positions compared to 2011. Employment in Germany Out of all G7 countries, Germany had the second lowest unemployment rate, bested only by Japan. Despite this, the continued high number of open job positions suggests that Germany’s workforce is too small or there are not enough people with certain skills that the labor market requires. A potential solution to this problem is migration, especially if the birth rate continues to decrease, because it would increase the size of the labor force and allow employers to find people with the necessary skill set. This would allow people of working age and the right skills to immediately join the workforce. According to the German Institute of Economics, if Germany faces a scenario of high migration, there will be a total of 39.1 million academics and professionally qualified people who could work by 2040. This is, however, still a decrease from 2025, when there are estimated to be almost 43 million qualified people in the workforce. This decrease, despite predicted high migration, suggests that there will be an increase in demand for workers in the future. Which sectors are be affected the most? Although it is clear that Germany is and will continue to face a shortage of skilled workers, the question remains, which industries will suffer the most? Different data gives slightly different answers to this question, but several professions always seem to have a shortage of labor. Among these were social work, care for the elderly, and the building of electronics. Though the availability of jobs and demand for workers is a good position for employees to be in, it is a stressful situation for companies. According to a survey conducted in 2024, the third largest business risk that companies saw for themselves in the coming months was a skilled workers shortage. Ultimately, companies will have to find a solution to this shortage in order to ensure the continued success of their business.

Colombia ASS: Employment, Security & Pvt Investigation, Svcs to Bldgs: Gross Operating Surplus data was reported at 2,833,998,090.000 COP th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,481,696,156.000 COP th for 2016. Colombia ASS: Employment, Security & Pvt Investigation, Svcs to Bldgs: Gross Operating Surplus data is updated yearly, averaging 2,801,952,575.000 COP th from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2017, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,833,998,090.000 COP th in 2017 and a record low of 2,481,696,156.000 COP th in 2016. Colombia ASS: Employment, Security & Pvt Investigation, Svcs to Bldgs: Gross Operating Surplus data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Statistics Administrative Department. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.H014: Annual Service Survey.

Germany Service Sector: Shortage of Qualified Employees data was reported at 29.400 % in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 38.200 % for Dec 2024. Germany Service Sector: Shortage of Qualified Employees data is updated quarterly, averaging 19.100 % from Mar 2005 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 81 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49.100 % in Sep 2022 and a record low of 0.000 % in Dec 2008. Germany Service Sector: Shortage of Qualified Employees data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.S041: Quarterly Business Survey: Service Sector: IFO Institute: WZ 2008.

Forecast: Net Operating Surplus in Employment Services in the UK 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Historical: Federal government surplus or deficit, reconciliation with the public accounts, based on the 1968 System of National Accounts international standards. 1951 to 1986.

Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) uses the models of the Canadian Occupational Projection System (COPS) and the National Occupational Classification (NOC, 2021 version) to develop projections of future trends in the numbers of job openings and job seekers by occupation at the national level. The projections allow for identifying those occupations that may face labour shortage or labour surplus conditions over the medium term. The latest projections cover the 2024 to 2033 period. For more information, explore: Canadian Occupational Projections System – ESDC

This statistic shows employment in Greece from 2016 to 2024, with projections up until 2026 .In 2024, around 4.28 million people were employed in Greece. Employment in Greece Just like the rest of Greece’s economy, the job market has been adversely affected by the economic crisis of 2008; it has been struggling to recover ever since. The majority of the Greek population lives in urbanized areas, but lay-offs and job cuts affect the whole country; the unemployment rate in Greece has been increasing dramatically all over the country and has almost tripled since 2009. Greece’s economy relies heavily on services; most of Greece’s gross domestic product is produced in that sector. The gross domestic / GDP growth rate in Greece, however, has not improved since 2009 – on the contrary, after falling to an all-time low in 2011, GDP is now even lower than in the year recession hit the country. Some of the most important industries for Greece are the maritime and shipping industries, as well as tourism. The export of goods has been on the rise, while imports have been decreasing, causing the trade deficit to improve slowly but steadily. Still, Greece is not out of the red and probably won’t be for some time. National debt in relation to gross domestic product is growing, and Greece is still ranked second on a ranking of countries with the highest public debt worldwide. Austerity measures and rescue packages from the European Union are now put in place to ensure Greece’s recovery from the crisis.

Nearly four years after the COVID-19 pandemic, some branches of the U.S. healthcare industry are still overcoming the loss of staff. While the industry overall has mostly regained the employees lost during the pandemic, this was not so for long-term care (LTC) facilities such as nursing homes and assisted living communities. As of February 2024, these sectors still had less staff compared to February 2020.

The study on the future of work was conducted by Kantar Public on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. During the survey period from 13 to 22 June 2023, German-speaking people aged 16 to 67 in Germany, excluding pensioners, were surveyed in online interviews (CAWI) on the following topics: current life and work situation, future expectations, the use of AI and the digitalization of the world of work as well as attitudes towards demographic change and the shortage of skilled workers. The respondents were selected using a quota sample from an online access panel.
1. Future: general life satisfaction; satisfaction with selected aspects of life (working conditions, education, qualifications, health situation, professional remuneration, family situation, financial situation); expectations for the future: rather confident vs. rather worried about the private and professional future; rather confident vs. rather worried about the professional future of younger people or the next generation; rather confident vs. rather worried about the future of Germany; confidence vs. concern regarding the competitiveness of the German economy in various areas (digitalization and automation of the working world, climate protection goals of industry, effects of the Ukraine war on the German economy, access to important raw materials such as rare earths or metals, reliable supply of energy, number of qualified specialists, general price development, development of wages and salaries, development of pensions); probability of various future scenarios for Germany in 2030 (Germany is once again the world export champion, unemployment is at an all-time low - full employment prevails in Germany, the energy transition has already created hundreds of thousands of new jobs in German industry, Germany has emerged the strongest in the EU from the crises of the last 15 years, the price crisis has led to the fact The price crisis has meant that politics and business have successfully set the course for the future, citizens can deal with all official matters digitally from home, German industry is much faster than expected in terms of climate targets and is already almost climate-neutral, Germany is the most popular country of immigration for foreign university graduates, the nursing shortage in Germany has been overcome thanks to the immigration of skilled workers).

1. Importance of work: importance of different areas of life (ranking); work to earn money vs. as a vocation; importance of different work characteristics (e.g. job security, adequate income, development prospects and career opportunities, etc.).

2. Professional situation: satisfaction with various aspects of work (job security, pay/income, development/career opportunities, interesting work, sufficient contact with other people, compatibility of family/private life and work. Work climate/ working atmosphere, further training opportunities, social recognition, meaningful and useful work); job satisfaction; expected development of working conditions in own professional field; recognition for own work from the company/ employer, from colleagues, from other people from the work context, from the personal private environment, from society in general and from politics; unemployed people were asked: currently looking for a new job; assessment of chances of finding a new job; pupils, students and trainees were asked: assessment of future career opportunities; reasons for assessing career opportunities as poor (open).

3. AI: use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the world of work rather as an opportunity or rather as a danger; expected effects of AI on working conditions in their own professional field (improvement, deterioration, no effects); opportunities and dangers of digitization, AI and automation based on comparisons (all in all, digitization leads to a greater burden on the environment, as computers, tablets, smartphones and data centers are major power guzzlers vs. All in all, digitalization protects the environment through less mobility and more efficient management, artificial intelligence and digitalization help to reduce the workload and relieve employees of repetitive and monotonous tasks vs. artificial intelligence and digitalization overburden many employees through further work intensification. Stress and burnouts will increasingly be the result, artificial intelligence and digitalization will primarily lead to job losses vs. artificial intelligence and digitalization will create more new, future-proof jobs than old ones will be lost, our economy will benefit greatly from global networking through speed and efficiency gains vs. our economy is threatened by global networking by becoming more susceptible to cyberattacks and hacker attacks, digitalization will lead to new, more flexible working time models and a better work-life balance vs. digitalization will lead to a blurring of boundaries between work and leisure time and thus,...

Projections by the Congressional Budget Office estimate a increases to the government deficit from FY 2023 to FY 2030 under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. In FY 2022 and FY 2031, there is expected to be a decrease in the federal deficit.