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Employment by industry and sex, UK, published quarterly, non-seasonally adjusted. Labour Force Survey. These are official statistics in development.
In May 2025, the employment rate in the United Kingdom was 75.2 percent, up from 75.1 percent in the previous month. After almost dropping below 70 percent in 2011, the employment rate in the United Kingdom started to climb at a relatively fast pace, peaking in early 2020. Due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, employment declined to 74.6 percent by January 2021. Although not quite at pre-pandemic levels, the employment rate has since recovered. Labor market trouble in 2025? Although unemployment in the UK spiked at 5.3 percent in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, it fell throughout most of 2022, to just 3.6 percent in August 2022. Around that time, the number of job vacancies in the UK was also at quite high levels, reaching a peak of 1.3 million by May 2022. The strong labor market put employees in quite a strong position, perhaps encouraging the high number of resignations that took place around that time. Since 2023, however, the previously hot labor market has cooled, with unemployment reaching 4.6 percent in April 2025 and job vacancies falling to a four-year low of 736,000 in May 2025. Furthermore, the number of employees on UK payrolls has fallen by 227,500 in the first five months of the year, indicating that 2025 will be a tough one for the labor market. Headline economic measures revised in early 2025 Along with the unemployment rate, the UK's inflation rate is also expected to be higher than initially thought in 2025, reaching a rate of 3.2 percent for the year. The economy will also grow at a slower pace of one percent rather than the initial prediction of two percent. Though these negative trends are not expected to continue in the long term, the current government has already expended significant political capital on unpopular decisions, such as the cutting of Winter Fuel Payments to pensioners in 2024. As of June 2025, they are almost as unpopular as the previous government, with a net approval rating of -52 percent.
There were over 34.1 million people employed in the United Kingdom in the three months to May 2025. In general, the number of people employed has consistently increased, with noticeable dips in employment occurring in 2008 due to the global financial crisis and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Labor market hot streak in 2022 Although there was a sharp increase in the UK's unemployment rate in the aftermath of COVID-19, the UK labor market bounced back forcefully after this sudden shock. By the middle of 2022, the UK's unemployment rate had recovered to pre-pandemic levels, while the number of job vacancies in the UK reached record highs. Wage growth was, by this point, growing at a much slower rate than inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. In the two years since this peak, the UK labor market has cooled slightly, with unemployment reaching 4.4 percent by December 2024 and the number of job vacancies falling to the lowest figures since May 2021. Characteristics of UK workers As of 2024, the majority of UK workers were working in the private sector, at over 27.6 million workers. In the same year, the size of the UK's public sector workforce stood at approximately 6.1 million, with over two million of these people working for the UK's National Health Service (NHS) and a further 1.66 million in the public education sector. In the UK's private sector, the industry sector that employed the most people was wholesale and retail, which had a workforce of over 4.9 million people, followed by administrative and support service roles at around 3.1 million.
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Employment levels and rates by country of birth and nationality, UK, published quarterly, non-seasonally adjusted. Labour Force Survey. These are official statistics in development.
As of the first quarter of 2025, the employment rate of England stood at 75.4 percent, the highest employment rate of the four countries of the United Kingdom. By contrast, Wales had the lowest employment rate, at 71.3 percent.
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39.8% of workers from the Indian ethnic group were in 'professional' jobs in 2021 – the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups in this role.
Following the identification of a minor error, the Economic Estimates: Employment in the Digital Sector, April 2023 to March 2024 data tables have been corrected and republished.
Employment in the Digital Sector decreased between the 2022/23 and 2023/24 financial years (between April and the following March), compared to a small amount of employment growth in the UK overall over the same period.
Employment in the Digital Sector during the 2023/24 financial year was approximately 1.8 million filled jobs. This suggests that there has been a 3.4% reduction in employment in the Digital Sector (which includes the Telecommunications Sector) since the 2022/23 financial year (1.9 million filled jobs), reducing back to levels seen in the 2021/22 financial year (1.8 million filled jobs). By comparison, employment in the UK overall increased by 0.4% between the 2022/23 and 2023/24 financial years.
Employment in the Telecommunications Sector was unchanged between the 2022/23 and 2023/24 financial years, with approximately 179,000 filled jobs in the sector in both periods.
The Digital Sector accounted for a slightly lower proportion of the UK’s filled jobs during the 2023/24 financial year (5.4%) than in the prior 2022/23 financial year (5.6%). The Telecommunications Sector accounted for a similar proportion of the UK’s filled jobs in both the 2022/23 and 2023/24 financial years (0.5%).
In the 2023/24 financial year, the ‘Computer programming, consultancy and related activities’ subsector contributed the majority of filled jobs in the Digital Sector (56.1%). In the 2023/24 financial year, the Telecommunications Sector contributed 9.8% of the filled jobs in the Digital Sector.
In the 2023/24 financial year, the proportions of filled jobs held by women (30.2%) and disabled people (14.2%) in the Digital Sector were smaller than the proportions of filled jobs held by these groups in the UK overall (48.0% and 17.4%, respectively).
In the 2023/24 financial year, the proportion of filled jobs held by individuals with degree level (or equivalent) education in the Digital Sector (63.5%) was larger than the proportion of filled jobs held by this group in the UK overall (43.6%).
12 September 2024
Since the publication of our most recent employment statistics, the ONS has carried out analysis to assess the impact of falling sample sizes on the quality of Annual Population Survey (APS) estimates. Due to the ongoing challenges with response rates, response levels and weighting, the accreditation of ONS statistics based on the Annual Population Survey (APS) was temporarily suspended on 9 October 2024. Because of the increased volatility of both Labour Force Survey (LFS) and APS estimates, the ONS advises that estimates produced using these datasets should be treated with additional caution.
ONS statistics based on both the APS and LFS will be considered Official Statistics in Development until further review. We are reviewing the quality of our estimates and will update users about the accreditation of DSIT Digital Sector Economic Estimates for Employment if this changes.
This is a continuation of the ‘Economic Estimates: Employment in the Digital Sector’ series, previously produced by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). Responsibility for Digital policy now sits with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).
Employment estimates within this release are Accredited Official Statistics, used to provide an estimate of the number of filled jobs in the Digital
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Experimental labour market estimates using administrative data to produce adjusted UK employment, unemployment and economic inactivity measures, seasonally adjusted. Includes a breakdown by countries and regions of the UK.
The number of employed people in the United Kingdom stood at approximately 33.62 million people in 2024. Between 1980 and 2024, the number rose by around 8.53 million people, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. From 2024 to 2026, the number will increase by about 610 thousand people.The indicator describes the number of employed people. This refers to persons who during a pre-defined period, either: a) performed wage or salary work, b) held a formal attachment to their job (even if not currently working), (c) performed for-profit work for personal or family gain , (d) were with an enterprise although temporarily not at work for any specific reason.
For DCMS sector data, please see: Economic Estimates: Employment and APS earnings in DCMS sectors, January 2023 to December 2023
New Economic Estimates for the digital sector are now published by DSIT. Data for 2023 and 2022 is available here: Economic Estimates: Employment and Earnings in the Digital Sector, January 2023 to December 2023.
Data for the digital sector has been republished here for January to December 2011 to 2021 as we have made some small revisions due to the identification of an error.
These Economic Estimates are used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS Sectors, and separately the Digital Sector, to the UK economy, measured by employment (number of filled jobs). These estimates are calculated based on the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Population Survey (APS).
These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;
Tourism is not included as the data is not yet available. The release also includes estimates for the Audio Visual sector and Computer Games subsector.
Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions. In particular, several Cultural Sector industries are simultaneously Creative Industries.
A definition for each sector is available in the tables published alongside this release. Further information on all these sectors is available in the associated technical report along with details of methods and data limitations.
In the 2022 calendar year, there were approximately 3.9 million filled jobs in the DCMS Sectors (excluding Tourism), an increase of 322,000 (8.9%) since 2019 and 85,000 (2.2%) since 2021.
Since pre-pandemic (2019), driving the growth in included DCMS sector employment was the Creative Industries (14.1% increase). Over this period, employment also grew in the Civil Society sector (4.9% increase) and Cultural Sector (2.7% increase), however remained below 2019 (pre-pandemic) levels in the Sports sector (3.8% decrease) and Gambling sector (0.5% decrease).
Although there is wide variation between sectors in terms of demographic breakdowns, overall the proportion of filled jobs held by women, and the proportion of jobs held by disabled people, was lower in the included DCMS Sectors than the UK overall. As of the 2022 calendar year, within the included DCMS Sectors there were 45.3% (vs 48.1% UK workforce overall) of filled jobs held by women and 15.8% (vs 16.4% UK workforce overall) held by disabled people.
These statistics also cover the contributions of the following Digital sectors to the UK economy
Users should note that the Telecoms sector sits wholly within the Digital Sector.
A definition for each sector is available in the tables published alongside this release. Further information on all these sectors is available in the associated technical report along with details of methods and data limitations.
In the 2022 calendar year, there were approximately 1.9 million filled jobs in the Digital Sector, an increase of 325,000 (20.9%) since 2019 and 73,000 (4.1%) since 2021.
Compared to the UK workforce overall, the Digital Sector has a lesser share of filled jobs held by women or people with a disability. As of 2022, within the Digital Sector there were 29.3% (vs 48.1% UK workforce overall) of filled jobs held by women and 12.5% (vs 16.4% UK workforce overall) held by disabled people.
First published on 13 July 2023.
A document is provided that contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.
This release is published in accordance with the <a rel="external" href="ht
As of the first quarter of 2025, the employment rate in the United Kingdom was highest among 35 to 49-year-old's, with **** percent of that age group employed. In the same quarter, approximately **** percent of over 65s were employed, a peak for this provided time period, while the employment rate for 16 to 24s was **** percent, one of the lowest rates for this age group.
In the first quarter of 2025, the employment rate for men aged between 16 and 64 in the United Kingdom was 78.1 percent, while for women it was 72 percent. The male employment rate has consistently been higher than that of females in this provided time period, although the gap was much greater at the start of this period.
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This dataset has now been discontinued following a user consultation. However figures for employment by occupation, sourced from our Annual Population Survey are available on our NOMIS website.
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Employment Rate in the United Kingdom increased to 75.20 percent in May from 75.10 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.
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Employment, unemployment and economic inactivity levels and rates by age group, UK, rolling three-monthly figures, seasonally adjusted. Labour Force Survey. These are official statistics in development.
For DCMS sector data, please see: Economic Estimates: Employment and APS earnings in DCMS sectors, January 2023 to December 2023
For Digital sector data, please see: Economic Estimates: Employment in DCMS sectors and Digital sector, January 2022 to December 2022
These Economic Estimates are National Statistics used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS Sectors to the UK economy, measured by employment (number of jobs).
These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;
A definition for each sector is available in the associated methodology note along with details of methods and data limitations.
26 June 2019
This release is published in accordance with the Code of Practice for Statistics, as produced by the UK Statistics Authority. The Authority has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.
The responsible statisticians for this release is Wilmah Deda (020 7211 6376). For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution list for future updates, please email us at evidence@culture.gov.uk.
The document above contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.
These statistics relate to the employment of working-age disabled people in the UK.
This release contains annual data to March 2021 and quarterly data to June 2021. It therefore covers the first 12 to 15 months of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Users should be aware of the potential effect of the pandemic and should interpret results, particularly across different time periods, with care.
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Employment in the United Kingdom increased by 134 in May of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Employment Change- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.
Official statistics are produced impartially and free from political influence.
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Employees receiving job-related training, by sex, UK, published quarterly, non-seasonally adjusted. Labour Force Survey. These are official statistics in development.
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Employment by industry and sex, UK, published quarterly, non-seasonally adjusted. Labour Force Survey. These are official statistics in development.