China is the largest consumer of primary energy in the world, having used some 176.35 exajoules in 2024. This is a lot more than what the United States consumed, which comes in second place. The majority of primary energy fuels worldwide are still derived from fossil fuels, such as oil and coal. China's energy mix China’s primary energy mix has shifted from a dominant use of coal to an increase in natural gas and renewable sources. Since 2013, the renewables share in total energy consumption has grown by around eight percentage points. Overall, global primary energy consumption has increased over the last decade, and it is expected to experience the largest growth in emerging economies like the BRIC countries - Brazil, Russia, India, and China. What is primary energy? Primary energy is the energy inherent in natural resources such as crude oil, coal, and wind before further transformation. For example, crude oil can be refined into secondary fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, while wind is harnessed for electricity - itself a secondary energy source. A country’s total primary energy supply is a measure of the country’s primary energy sources. Meanwhile, end use energy is the energy directly consumed by the user and includes primary fuels such as natural gas, as well as secondary sources, like electricity and gasoline.

China dominated the renewable energy consumption globally and in the Asia-Pacific region, with the country consuming **** exajoules in 2024. This level far surpasses that of other major economies in the region, including India and Japan, which consumed **** and **** exajoules, respectively. Leading renewable energy markets China, India, Japan, and Vietnam are among the leading renewable energy markets in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, with increasing investments in the development of renewable energy. Moreover, Australia has focused particularly on the development of solar and wind energy, with around ** percent of its electricity coming from solar power and about ** percent of its power generation coming from wind. Australia has the largest share of wind and solar power in the electricity mix among APAC countries. China has continued to see the largest investments globally in energy transition, while India is also attracting significant investments. Southeast Asian markets have emerged as potential renewable energy markets, with Vietnam making the most progress in capacity expansion. However, these emerging markets face persistent energy infrastructure, policy, and financing challenges that must be addressed in order to speed up the transition to clean energy. The dual challenge: rising energy demand and carbon emissions in Asia-Pacific Despite these advances in renewable energy, APAC is still heavily reliant on fossil fuels to meet its rapidly growing energy demand from expanding cities and industries. Coal still accounts for over half of APAC’s power generation, with China consuming the largest share. Unsurprisingly, the region remains the world’s largest energy-related carbon dioxide emitter. China, in particular, is the leading source of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. In 2023, the country emitted nearly **** billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, exceeding the combined emissions of the United States, India, Russia, and Japan. This situation underscores the complex challenge facing rapidly developing economies: how to sustain economic growth, meet rising energy needs, and improve living standards while curbing carbon emissions and ensuring a just and inclusive energy transition.

The average for 2022 based on 146 countries was 2347.08 kilograms of oil equivalent. The highest value was in Qatar: 16683.66 kilograms of oil equivalent and the lowest value was in Yemen: 68.95 kilograms of oil equivalent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The average for 2022 based on 189 countries was 17.69 million kilowatts. The highest value was in China: 1156.13 million kilowatts and the lowest value was in Bermuda: 0 million kilowatts. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

There are four countries in the world with a fossil fuel consumption share of over ** percent of the total primary energy consumption. In Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Kuwait, and Algeria, fossil fuels account for nearly all primary energy consumed. By comparison, Sweden has among the lowest consumption shares at some ***** percent.

Global Total Renewable Energy by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Global Energy Consumption in Agriculture by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

FOREWORD :

In 2013, New Zealand and the European Union co-hosted the Pacific Energy Summit to fast-track sustainable energy development in the Pacific. It resulted in funding commitments of more than $635 million for a range of innovative renewable energy projects, and showed that donors and the private sector were prepared to back the ambition and leadership shown by Pacific governments. Three years on and the change across the region has been marked. Whole atolls are now 100 per cent renewable, many more people have access to clean and reliable power, the amount of diesel imported for electricity generation has fallen dramatically, and Pacific countries can now better manage the impacts of climate change.

The Pacific is home to some of the countries most at risk from the effects of climate change. It is now also home to countries that are leading the world in reducing their fossil fuel consumption and shifting to renewable sources of electricity generation. We also acknowledge the huge contribution of donors and development partners in supporting Pacific governments to achieve progress and following through on the commitments made at the Summit. Enormous opportunities still exist across the region.

This publication presents the energy profiles of 18 Pacific countries and territories. It summarises their progress since the 2013 Summit and identifies new opportunities for investment.

Keywords: Pacific Energy Summit, Pacific Energy country profile, Pacific countries, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT), European Union, Electricity, Renewable energy, Propose projects for investments.

Global Energy Consumption in Industry by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In 2024, Hungary was the leading country in solar energy penetration, with solar power accounting for almost ** percent of the country's electricity mix that year. Luxembourg followed with a share of solar of more than ** percent. On average, the share of electricity generation from solar energy worldwide was roughly *** percent in 2024. In comparison with the previous year, figures increased by more than *** percentage point. Solar energy generation worldwide In total, solar energy production reached *** petawatt hours in 2023, increasing by some *** gigawatt hours when compared to the previous year. Solar energy production was the highest in China, which generated over *** terawatt hours of solar power in 2024. The United States was the country with the second-highest solar energy production that year, with some *** terawatt hours generated. China’s solar photovoltaic industry Aside for being the largest solar energy producer worldwide, China accounts for the largest production of solar energy components. In 2023, the country was responsible for almost ** percent of the world's solar photovoltaic module production. Most of the largest solar component manufacturers worldwide are based in China. For instance, photovoltaic company LONGi was the leading solar ingot and wafer manufacturer worldwide, reaching a production output of *** gigawatts in 2023.

This scatter chart displays renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) against alternative and nuclear energy (% of total energy use) in Caribbean. The data is about countries.

European Share of Renewable Energy Sources by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

European Solar Energy Generation by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

European Solar Energy Consumption Share by Country (Exajoules), 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

This horizontal bar chart displays renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) by date using the aggregation average in Belarus. The data is about countries per year.

This horizontal bar chart displays renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) by ISO 3 country code using the aggregation average in South America. The data is about countries.

China is the largest primary energy producer in the world. As of 2022, China accounted for ** percent of world's total primary energy production. This was slightly more than the United States, which accounted for a ** percent share of the global primary energy production. They are also the countries with the largest share of primary energy consumption.

Ireland, Italy, and Germany had some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide, as of March 2025. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.45 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.43 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

European Hydro Power Gross Available Energy by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In 2024, China’s consumption of renewable energy was the highest in the world, accounting for *****percent of global renewable consumption. Likewise, this country had the highest supply of primary energy from both renewable and non-renewable sources. Primary energy refers to energy that is derived directly from natural sources. The United States had the second highest share of global renewables consumption that year. Alternatives to fossil fuels in China Despite China accounting for such a large portion of global renewable consumption, the use of renewables is a relatively recent development for the country and still far less common than other traditional sources of primary energy. However, consumption of renewables has been higher than other alternatives to fossil fuels such as nuclear power. Both renewables and nuclear energy have seen significant increases in consumption in the last few years. The renewables market in Germany For a country of its size, with a fraction of the population and energy demands of China and the United States, Germany has seen a strong trend in increased renewable energy consumption. Germany has been a forerunner in the industry, with wind power coming into an increasingly important role. Total installed wind power capacity in Germany has almost tripled since 2008 and continues to rise consistently over recent years.