The average wholesale electricity price in August 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

The average annual domestic electricity bill in the United Kingdom saw an overall increase from 2014 to 2024 and boomed in 2023. In this period, households with an annual consumption of ***** kilowatt-hours saw bills rise from *** to ***** British pounds, including value-added tax. The household expenditure on electricity in the UK amounted to approximately **** billion current British pounds in 2023. Direct debit payments consistently cheaper In the period under consideration, the annual bill for an electricity consumption of ***** kilowatt-hours was consistently more expensive for consumers using standard credit as a method of payment, averaging ***** real British pounds in 2024. From 2016 onwards, consumers using the prepayment method paid less than standard credit consumers and, in 2022, their bill was the least expensive, at *** real British pounds. Electricity prices on the rise Household electricity prices in the UK have doubled in the past decade for both consumer groups. Despite the UK government setting a tariff cap to protect consumers, the UK’s power market was greatly impacted by the global energy crisis. In August 2022, electricity prices in Great Britain peaked at *** British pounds per megawatt-hour, over four times the price compared to August the following year.

The Electricity Supply industry has developed considerably since its liberalisation in 1999. Following a period in which the Big Six suppliers dominated, energy regulator Ofgem endeavoured to introduce greater competition to the market as part of attempts to drive down energy bills. Major mergers and acquisitions effectively brought the dominance of the former Big Six suppliers to an end at the end of 2019-20. Along with weakening electricity consumption, swelling competition has applied further pressure on revenue in recent years. Electricity suppliers' revenue is slated to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.7% to reach £49.8 billion over the five years through 2024-25. The introduction of the standard variable tariff price cap in January 2019 squeezed revenue growth. The pandemic exacerbated the drop in revenue, as widespread tariff reductions compounded the effects of reduced electricity consumption. With suppliers bound by the energy price cap, soaring wholesale prices led to widening operating losses in 2021-22, albeit with a modest revenue recovery. A renewed spike in wholesale prices led to a continued wave of insolvencies among energy suppliers going into 2022-23, with 31 suppliers falling victim to the energy crisis. Soaring non-domestic energy bills and significant hikes to the SVT price cap spurred significant revenue growth in 2022-23, while the transfer of customer accounts from failed suppliers reinstated the dominance of major suppliers. The introduction of the Energy Price Guarantee (EPG) and support for business energy customers prevented energy prices from spiralling out of control going into 2023-24. A faster-than-anticipated drop in wholesale electricity prices has eased pressure on operating profit in the current year, contributing to an estimated 10.1% revenue contraction. Revenue is forecast to sink at a compound annual rate of 0.9% to £47.6 billion over the five years through 2029-30. Prices will remain elevated in the medium term as concerns surrounding supplies of Russian fossil fuels into Europe inflate wholesale costs. Wholesale prices are set to stabilise in the long term, spurring tariff reductions. The continued drop in electricity consumption is also set to limit growth prospects in the coming years.

UK Electricity decreased 29.33 GBP/MWh or 28.63% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.

Rising inflation in the United Kingdom throughout 2022 has put pressure on businesses faced with larger energy bills. As of August 2022, approximately nine percent of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), that reported increased energy costs, advised that they would not be able to pay these bills at all, while 34 percent thought they would be able to sustain themselves for as long as needed. Additionally, three-quarters of SMEs reporting higher energy bills advised that these costs will be passed onto customers.

The UK's electricity transmission network is made up of four high-voltage onshore transmission networks owned by the National Grid Electricity Transmission plc, SP Transmission plc, Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission plc and Northern Ireland Electricity Networks Ltd. Each company operates a regional monopoly on different transmission networks and is heavily regulated through price controls. Efforts by the government to decarbonise the electricity supply chain have necessitated substantial investment in transmission networks in recent years. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 6.9% to reach £8.4 billion over the five years through 2024-25. Network expansion has supported transmission revenue in recent years, with the price controls set based on investment, innovation and output. Reduced transmission revenue due to lower electricity demand during the pandemic was offset by higher pass-through costs recovered by National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO) in the form of record constraint payments paid to generators during the pandemic. The energy crisis led to soaring system balancing costs, as intermittent renewables increased reliance on expensive imported gas. As part of changes made through the RIIO-T2 price control, these costs are recovered by National Grid ESO in the following year, underpinning significant revenue growth over the three years through 2023-24. Revenue is forecast to dip by 6% in the current year, reflecting lower recovery of prior period balances. Revenue is slated to rise at a compound annual rate of 1.7% over the five years through 2029-30, reaching £8.4 billion. As wholesale gas prices continue to fall from record highs, system balancing costs will follow the same trend, spurring an anticipated contraction in the near-term. Investment in the grid to meet the needs of decarbonising the energy supply chain will likely result in rising transmission charges, spurring renewed growth. The commissioning of new interconnector projects and ongoing expansion in the UK's offshore wind generating capacity will also likely support growth.

Understanding public support for energy policy is crucial for designing feasible interventions to mitigate climate change and reach net-zero goals. This is particularly the case given the increased salience surrounding energy policy in light of the major disruptions to global energy markets generated by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Combining framing and conjoint experiments, I examine how framing and policy design shape public support for energy policy responses to this crisis in the UK. Results show that the public has strong preferences over specific policy features, supporting investment in renewables, reductions of energy imports from Russia and non-democracies, and policies that shield vulnerable groups. While security framing increases support for energy policy, its effect is smaller than that of policy design, and it has little impact on policy design preferences overall. The findings suggest that substantive policy designs remain crucial for generating public acceptance of energy policy, even in times of crisis.

Rising inflation in the United Kingdom throughout 2022 has put pressure on businesses faced with larger energy bills. As of August 2022, approximately three-quarters of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), that reported increased energy costs, advised that these higher energy costs would result in higher costs for their customers. Although 34 percent of these SMEs thought they could sustain higher energy costs for as long as needed, nine percent believed they could not afford them at all.

The Gas Utilities industry in Europe has been anything but steady recently. The Russia-Ukraine war has rocked the whole supply chain, with Russia tightening its gas supply, Europe hustling to cut its reliance on Russian gas and gas prices shooting up following the initial invasion. Amid unprecedented price increases and threats to the supply of gas into Europe, European governments have been forced to step in to support customers and protect energy supplies. All that aside, the industry remains threatened by a long-term decline in gas consumption and accelerating efforts to transition to renewable sources of energy. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 1.4% over the five years through 2025, reaching €401.9 billion. This growth is almost solely attributable to a spike in revenue recorded during 2022, which followed a recovery from pandemic-induced lows during 2021, when prices and demand recovered as global economic activity rebounded. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine kicked off a period of significant disruption in energy markets, with a surge in gas prices leading to record revenue and profitability for gas manufacturers while causing substantial losses for gas suppliers. Wholesale prices have eased from record highs as European governments have reduced reliance on Russian gas. At the same time, a drop in demand for gas has also contributed to a revenue contraction since the height of the energy crisis. Revenue is set to decline by 3.9% in 2025. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 1% to €422.2 billion over the five years through 2030. European markets are set to pursue a green revolution in the coming years, with investment in renewable energy sources gathering pace as European governments strive towards emissions reduction targets. Investment in green alternatives to natural gas is likely to lead to a fall in demand, with plans set out by the European Commission to at least triple solar thermal capacity by 2030, displacing the consumption of nine billion cubic metres of gas annually. Gas prices are set to continue to stabilise in the short term, before falling rapidly as renewable generation capacity rises.

Households in Great Britain will have their energy bills capped at ***** British pounds per year from October 2022 onwards, due to the measures introduced by the UK government in September of 2022. This will result in savings of around ***** for the average household, compared with the previous price cap, which was set to increase to ***** per year.

The North Sea oil and gas industry, encompassing key players like Equinor ASA, Shell Plc, and BP Plc, is a mature yet dynamic market experiencing a period of transition. With a current market size estimated at $50 billion in 2025 (a reasonable estimation given a CAGR of >2% and considering typical market valuations for similar regions), the industry demonstrates sustained growth, projected to continue at a compound annual growth rate of over 2% through 2033. This growth is driven primarily by ongoing demand for natural gas in Europe, particularly amidst the energy crisis that has highlighted the critical need for reliable energy sources. Furthermore, strategic investments in improved oil recovery techniques and exploration of new reserves in less developed areas of the North Sea contribute to the market’s resilience. However, the industry faces significant headwinds, including stringent environmental regulations aimed at reducing carbon emissions and the increasing pressure to transition towards renewable energy sources. This regulatory pressure coupled with fluctuating oil and gas prices pose significant challenges to long-term profitability and investment planning. The geographical segmentation reveals varying market dynamics across the UK, Norway, Denmark, and the rest of the North Sea. Norway and the UK, with their established infrastructure and extensive reserves, represent the largest segments. Denmark, while a smaller player, is experiencing modest growth due to its ongoing investment in offshore wind and exploration activities. The "Rest of the Other Countries" segment, encompassing smaller players and less explored regions, holds potential for future development but faces higher exploration risk and infrastructural challenges. The competitive landscape is characterized by both large multinational corporations and smaller, independent operators. This competitive mix is resulting in mergers and acquisitions, strategic partnerships, and diversification strategies amongst operators seeking to navigate the complexities of this evolving energy market. This dynamic scenario requires companies to prioritize sustainable practices, adapt to changing regulatory environments, and invest in technologies that promote both profitability and environmental responsibility. Recent developments include: In March 2021, United Kingdom became the first G7 country to be agreed on the deal to support the oil and gas industry's transition to clean, green energy, while supporting 40,000 jobs in the North Sea region. The deal between the government of the United Kingdom and the oil and gas sector industry is expected to support workers, businesses, and the supply chain through this transition by harnessing the industry's existing capabilities, infrastructure, and private investment potential to exploit new and emerging technologies such as hydrogen production, Carbon Capture Usage and Storage, offshore wind and decommissioning., In January 2021, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate announced that the authorities in Norway offered 30 companies with ownership interests in a total of 61 production licenses on the Norwegian Shelf in the Awards in Predefined Areas (APA ) 2020.. Notable trends are: Increasing Investments in Gas Sector Expected to Drive the Market Demand.

The European hydraulic fracturing market, while facing significant regulatory hurdles and public opposition, is projected to experience steady growth over the forecast period (2025-2033). Driven by increasing energy demands and a push towards energy independence, particularly in Eastern Europe, the market is expected to see a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 0.66%. While the historical period (2019-2024) likely saw fluctuating growth due to environmental concerns and moratoriums in certain regions like the UK, the ongoing energy crisis and the need to diversify gas sources are prompting a re-evaluation of unconventional gas extraction. Key players like Gazprom, Rosneft, and Equinor are strategically positioned to capitalize on opportunities in regions with less stringent regulations, focusing on operational efficiency and technological advancements to mitigate environmental impact and improve public perception. The segment breakdown, predominantly focusing on oil and natural gas extraction via hydraulic fracturing, demonstrates the market's dependence on fossil fuels, though future growth may be influenced by the development and integration of more sustainable extraction practices and alternative energy sources. Significant regional variations exist. Russia and Poland, with established resources and infrastructure, are likely to represent substantial shares of the market, while the UK's approach remains cautious due to seismic activity concerns. The "Rest of Europe" segment encompasses nations with varying degrees of regulatory frameworks and resource potential, contributing to the overall market growth but with potentially slower expansion compared to the more established regions. This indicates a need for companies to navigate differing legislative environments and tailor their operations accordingly, potentially investing in environmentally focused technologies to improve social license to operate. Long-term growth will critically depend on resolving environmental and social concerns, adopting best practices for responsible energy production, and adapting to evolving governmental regulations. Notable trends are: Shale Gas to Witness a Significant Growth.

Our data takes the form of in-depth interview transcripts discussing the relationship between local independent businesses and Cambridge as a place. The first round of data collection took place in 2017 to discover, explore and evaluate the relationship between small and medium-sized businesses and community development within Cambridge. At the time of rapid change and a turbulent economic environment it was important to understand how local independent businesses interact with, and rely on, the locale and community in which they are based. Leading on from the first phase, this project and a second round of data collection was employed to return to Cambridge in 2022 to further investigate how the implementation of Brexit and the arrival of the pandemic has impacted upon local independent businesses and the original issues uncovered. The aim is to drive debate and discussion towards a more diverse local business environment. This is of key significance given micro, small, and medium sized firms (SMEs) are most at risk of failure post-pandemic and in the escalating energy crisis. Such SMEs are not just important local employers but are also the main way to increase regional resilience and make Cambridge feel like a ‘home town’ with distinctive independent retailers as opposed to how the New Economics Foundation refers to the city as a ‘clone town’ full of national chain stores and devoid of local character. Topics covered included local networking, local enterprise support, belonging, power, community development and inequality. Our recent research found that such businesses agreed that without the University of Cambridge, its unique communication channel and supply of labour, the city would be much less successful as it finds itself today. However, many businesses also felt the increased growth has led to increased pressures within the city due to constrained land supply and a tightly-drawn green belt. This, coupled with the current cost of living crisis, has seen business costs rise excessively increasing demands on already stretched independent businesses. A recurring theme throughout our study, therefore, was ‘them versus us’ regarding the power dynamic between local independent businesses (who form an integral part of the local economy) and the key stakeholders and policy makers within Cambridge. While some firms may find they succeed, it appears to be the smaller independent businesses who struggle the most within the city as they may not have sufficient footfall, nor the capital reserves required to loudly market themselves and/or overcome the high costs associated with being located within Cambridge. As such, many of these independent businesses felt unappreciated, overlooked, and under-supported.

The UK inflation rate was 3.6 percent in June 2025, up from 3.4 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since January 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent, respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

Essential oil manufacturing revenue is expected to contract at a compound annual rate of 0.3% over the five years through 2025-26 to reach £966.6 million. Economic instability in recent years has dampened consumer confidence, reducing spending on discretionary items like essential oils. The inflationary environment and energy crisis in 2022-23 elevated costs for raw materials and machinery operations, squeezing profitability. Crop shortages due to extreme weather have escalated import costs for raw materials, prompting manufacturers to diversify supply chains. A volatile trade environment, with the pound steadily ascending in value, has lowered import costs but weighed on exports, pushing manufacturers to focus on domestic markets. Resilience in downstream demand for health and beauty products has supported sales, particularly in mixtures of odoriferous substances, excluding those used in food and drinks, like perfume. Essential oil manufacturers are benefitting from Britons’ rising health consciousness and the popularity of aromatherapy. The use of essential oils for medicinal use in treating anxiety has swelled, even if their health benefits are hotly debated, boosting sales. Eco-conscious consumers are increasingly demanding sustainable products and are willing to pay a premium for oils produced through environmentally friendly practices. By catering to these preferences, manufacturers can expand their customer base and enhance profitability. While inflation eased to 2.8% in February 2025, some economic uncertainty persists amid geopolitical tensions and high levels of government borrowing, weighing on downstream demand. Essential oil manufacturing revenue is estimated to inch upwards by 0.2% over 2025-26. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 3.6% to £1.2 billion over the five years through 2030-31. Manufacturers will invest in sustainability initiatives to differentiate themselves from competitors and appeal to eco-conscious consumers. Sales to food and beverage manufacturers will soar as producers incorporate essential oils as natural additives to appeal to growing health awareness, prompting innovation to cater to evolving consumer preferences for novel food and drink experiences. Demand from the beauty sector is set to remain strong, fuelled by younger consumers who are increasingly drawn to natural products and influenced by social media trends. Rising geopolitical tensions and potential tariffs could lead to exchange rate fluctuations, harming profitability. Additionally, the CMA's investigation into possible collusion among the top four essential oil manufacturers may affect short-term profits. Purchasing costs will remain volatile as erratic weather patterns and higher temperatures disrupt harvest yields, constraining profit growth.

The UK solar market has exploded in recent years, with more than 17 GW of capacity installed in August 2024 - a huge jump from less than 5 GW of capacity installed exactly a decade ago. The majority of this growth occurred prior to cuts to government incentives in January 2016, though renewed government support has driven an uptick in installations over the last couple of years. Variations in the level of government support for solar power have spurred significant volatility for solar panel installers. Solar panel installation revenue is projected to surge at a compound annual rate of 31.1% to £2.1 billion over the five years through 2024-25, including anticipated growth of 7.8% in 2024-25. Cuts to Feed-in Tariff (FIT) payments from January 2016 brought a lucrative period for solar panel installers to an abrupt end, with installations recording a huge drop over the two years through 2017-18. The announcement of the closure of the FIT scheme on 1 April 2019 brought with it a late surge in installations in 2018-19, supporting renewed growth in revenue during the year. However, solar panel installations plunged in 2019-20 because the scheme's closure left little financial incentive to compensate for the significant upfront costs of installing solar panels. With the exception of a pandemic-induced slump between April and June 2020, the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) propelled growth in installations since it was introduced in January 2020. The energy crisis rapidly accelerated revenue growth, with households and businesses seeking to become less dependent on the electricity grid. Revenue is projected to fall at a compound annual rate of 2.4% to £1.8 billion over the five years through 2029-30. The cost of solar power is likely to remain low in the coming years. This will weigh on revenue, although it will benefit profitability. The SEG will continue to drive installations, though solar panel adoption is likely to ease from its current-year level as falling energy bills reduce the potential financial gain of investing in solar panels. Further developments in home battery storage are set to be a key determinant of future growth, with energy suppliers expected to supplement any developments by introducing smart tariffs that incorporate solar panel and battery storage technology.

The European wood pellets market, valued at €15.65 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing demand for renewable energy sources and stringent environmental regulations aimed at reducing carbon emissions. The 4.55% CAGR from 2025-2033 reflects a steady rise in biomass energy consumption across various sectors. Key drivers include the rising adoption of wood pellets for heating applications, particularly in residential and commercial sectors, fueled by rising energy prices and government incentives for sustainable energy solutions. The power generation sector also contributes significantly to market growth, as wood pellets offer a relatively cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Growth is further fueled by technological advancements improving pellet production efficiency and reducing costs. However, challenges remain, including fluctuations in raw material prices, potential supply chain disruptions, and the need for sustainable forest management practices to ensure a long-term supply of wood resources. Market segmentation reveals a strong preference for heating applications, which currently dominate the market, although the power generation segment is expected to exhibit significant growth in the forecast period. Leading players like Stora Enso, Enviva Partners, and Drax Group are driving innovation and expanding their market presence through strategic partnerships and investments in advanced production facilities. Regional analysis will reveal Germany, the United Kingdom, and France as major market contributors due to their robust renewable energy policies and established biomass infrastructure. The competitive landscape features a mix of large multinational corporations and smaller regional players. While Germany, the UK, and France are key markets, substantial growth potential lies in other European countries implementing ambitious climate action plans. The market is witnessing a trend towards larger-scale pellet production facilities to meet growing demand. Sustainably sourced wood pellets are becoming increasingly important, with certification schemes gaining traction to ensure responsible forest management. The need to address potential environmental concerns associated with pellet production and transportation will remain a focal point for market participants and regulatory bodies. Overall, the European wood pellet market is poised for significant expansion, propelled by the ongoing transition to cleaner energy sources and the inherent advantages of wood pellets as a renewable and versatile fuel. Recent developments include: February 2024: Graanul Invest announced the launch of the premium pellet brand, g Graanul, which is expected to provide Baltic customers with an affordable, high-quality renewable energy solution. This launch is an initiative taken by the company to broaden its network and presence in the Baltic region., October 2023: The French government announced its plans to convert two coal-fired power plants to biomass by 2027. The study showed that the potential demand for pellet fuel is significant at the two French power generating stations with a combined capacity of 1.8 GW. The two plants, namely the 1.2 GW Cordemais and 600 MW Emile Hutchet plant in Saint Avold, were initially set to close by 2022. However, the energy crisis instigated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the shutdown of nuclear reactors in France led to a delay.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Increasing Demand for Wood Pellets in Clean Energy Generation4.; Heat-supply Applications. Potential restraints include: 4., Increasing Demand for Wood Pellets in Clean Energy Generation4.; Heat-supply Applications. Notable trends are: The Heating Application Segment is Expected to Dominate the Market.

Whether muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is the cause or consequence of metabolic disorders remains controversial. Herein, we demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase in muscle in vivo alters whole-body lipid homeostasis. Mice with restrained activity of the enzyme presented intrafiber lipid droplets, dysregulation of acyl-glycerides and higher visceral adipose tissue deposits, causing these animals to be prone to insulin resistance. This mitochondrial energy crisis increase lactate production, prevents fatty acid β-oxidation, and forces the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to provide acetyl-CoA for de novo lipid synthesis. In turn, muscle acetyl-CoA accumulation feeds back to oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction through the acetylation-dependent inhibition of respiratory complex II that results in augmented ROS production. Finally, by screening 702 FDA-approved drugs, we identified edaravone as a potent mitochondrial antioxidant and enhancer. The edaravone-driven restoration of ROS and lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle reestablished insulin sensitivity, thus suggesting that muscular mitochondrial perturbations are a direct cause in the setting of metabolic disorders and repurposing edaravone as a potential treatment for these diseases.

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Bioenergy Market Size and Trends

The bioenergy market size is forecasted to increase by USD 88.4 billion, at a CAGR of 7.81% between 2023 and 2028. The market's growth hinges on various factors, notably escalating concerns regarding the environment and energy security, alongside an augmented demand for renewable, clean fuel sources. Supportive government policies further propel this trajectory, fostering a conducive environment for market expansion. As sustainability takes center stage globally, industries are increasingly turning towards renewable energy solutions to mitigate environmental impact and enhance energy resilience. This paradigm shift towards clean fuel underscores the market's pivotal role in addressing contemporary energy challenges. With governments incentivizing renewable energy adoption and fostering innovation in this domain, especially in clean energy technologies, the market is poised for substantial growth, driving advancements towards a more sustainable and secure energy future.

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The market encompasses various renewable sources, including biomass, agricultural waste, and solid waste. Biofuels, such as biogas and liquid biofuels derived from these sources, play a significant role in this sector. Bioorganic waste, including timber, compost, sugarcane, straw, and other agricultural residues, serves as essential feedstocks for bioenergy production. The installed base of bioenergy technologies includes biogas plants, dle (direct liquid extraction) systems, and green hydrogen production facilities. Landfills can also be utilized as sources of biogas and energy. Renewable energy investment in bioenergy has been increasing due to the potential for electricity generation, energy security, and mitigating the energy crisis. Biomass supply is a critical factor in the success of this industry, with ongoing research and development in bioenergy investment and bioenergy technologies. Bioenergy from biomass and organic waste can be converted into various forms, including biogas, liquid biofuels, and green hydrogen. These alternative energy sources offer a sustainable solution to the reliance on traditional fossil fuels like oil.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD Billion' for the period 2024 to 2028, as well as historical data from 2018 to 2022 for the following segments.

Application Outlook

  Off-grid electricity
  Cooking 
  Transportation 
  Others





Product Type Outlook 


  Liquid biofuel 
  Solid biomass 
  Biogas 





Region Outlook 

  North America

    The U.S.
    Canada





  Europe

    The U.K.
    Germany
    France
    Rest of Europe





  APAC

    China
    India





  Middle East & Africa

    Saudi Arabia
    South Africa
    Rest of the Middle East & Africa


  South America

    Argentina
    Brazil
    Chile

By Application Insights

The market share growth by the transportation segment will be significant during the forecast period. This growth is attributed to factors such as a rise in the demand for biodiesel products. Biodiesel is an alternative to regular diesel for diesel engines, as it is environmentally friendly.

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The transportation segment showed a gradual increase in the market share of USD 62.90 billion in 2018. Conventional fuels are increasingly being replaced by alternatives such as bioethanol and biodiesel. Biodiesel, gasoline-blended methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)/tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and dimethyl ether (DME) are widely used in the automotive industry. The demand for fuels such as MTBE/TAME, biodiesel, and DME is expected to rise during the forecast period due to the increasing adoption of emission-controlled fuels.

Regional Analysis

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North America is estimated to contribute 28% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period. Another region offering significant growth opportunities to companies is Europe. European market witnesses significant investment due to its role in ensuring energy security and reducing reliance on oil. With oil price fluctuations, the need for alternative and renewable energy sources has become increasingly important. Biofuel technologies, such as cellulosic ethanol and algae-based biofuels, are strategic announcements towards a sustainable energy future. Solid biomass resources, including agricultural byproducts and waste materials, serve as the primary feedstocks for bioenergy production. Biogas demand continues to rise, contributing to a reduction in greenhouse

PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) are known to kill tumor cells via two mechanisms (i.e., PARP1 catalytic inhibition vs. PARP1 trapping). The relative contribution of these two pathways in mediating the cytotoxicity of PARPi, however, is incompletely understood. Here we designed a series of small molecule PARP degraders. Treatment with one such compound iRucaparib (1) results in highly efficient and specific PARP1 degradation. iRucaparib blocks the enzymatic activity of PARP1 in vitro, and PARP1-mediated PARylation signaling in intact cells. This strategy mimics PARP1 genetic depletion, which enables the pharmacological decoupling of PARP1 inhibition from PARP1 trapping. Finally, by depleting PARP1, iRucaparib protects muscle cells and primary cardiomyocytes from DNA damage-induced energy crisis and cell death. In summary, these compounds represent “non-trapping” PARP1 degraders that block both the catalytic activity and scaffolding effects of PARP1, providing an ideal approach for the amelioration of the various pathological conditions caused by PARP1 hyperactivation.