⚡ Energy Crisis and Stock Price Dataset: 2021-2024 📊

📋 About Dataset

This dataset provides a detailed view of how major energy companies' stock prices were influenced by the energy crises between 2021 and 2024. The data covers three prominent energy companies: ExxonMobil (XOM), Shell (SHEL), and BP (BP), with historical stock price information collected via the yfinance library. This dataset is particularly useful for those interested in financial analysis, market behavior, and the impact of global events on the energy sector. 🌍📉📈

📅 Date Range

• Start Date: January 1, 2021
• End Date: Present day (updated periodically)

🔍 Data Overview

The dataset contains the daily adjusted closing prices of the selected companies from January 2021 to the present. The data was gathered to analyze the impact of different energy crises, such as the fluctuations in oil and gas prices during 2021-2024, and to help provide insights into investor behavior during times of energy uncertainty.

The key columns available in each CSV file are:

💡 Potential Use Cases

This dataset can be used for various purposes including, but not limited to:

• Financial Time Series Analysis 📈: Explore trends and volatility in the stock market, particularly in the energy sector.
• Predictive Modeling 🤖: Develop models to predict future stock prices based on historical data.
• Energy Crisis Impact Studies ⚡: Assess the effect of energy crises on global markets, specifically the energy sector.
• Portfolio Analysis 💼: Evaluate the stability and performance of energy companies during different crisis periods.

📊 Data Files

Each CSV file includes the daily stock prices from January 1, 2021, to the present, with columns for open, high, low, close, adjusted close, and volume.

📂 Dataset Structure

• Directory: data/raw/
  • XOM_data.csv
  • SHEL_data.csv
  • BP_data.csv

🚀 Data Collection Process

The data for this dataset was collected using the yfinance Python library, which provides access to historical market data from Yahoo Finance. The collection script (data_collection.py) automates the download of stock data for the selected companies, saving each company's data in CSV format within the data/raw/ directory.

🔧 Tools Used

• Python 🐍: For scripting and data processing.
• yfinance 📈: To download historical stock data.
• pandas 🐼: For data manipulation and cleaning.

📜 License

The dataset is provided under the MIT License. You are free to use, modify, and distribute this dataset, provided that proper attribution is given.

🙌 Contributions

Contributions are welcome! If you have any suggestions or improvements, feel free to fork the repository and make a pull request. Let's make this dataset even more comprehensive and insightful together. 💪🌟

📧 Contact

For any questions or further information, feel free to reach out:

I hope this dataset helps you uncover new insights about the relationship between energy crises and stock prices! If you find it helpful, don't forget to give it a ⭐️ on Kaggle! 😊✨

Since 2021, the world has been immersed in an energy supply shortage that has greatly affected markets worldwide. According to a survey carried out in ***********, European respondents listed renewable energy development as their priority regarding energy in the current context, with a share of ** percent in the European Union and ** percent in the United Kingdom. Meanwhile, respondents in China and the United States ranked diversification of energy supplies as their priority.

Energy crisis such as the one unfolding in 2021, have the chance of increasing household energy bills by some 25 percent. Assuming governments continue decarbonizing the energy sector in line with already stated policies, unexpected price hikes of fossil fuel commodities such as natural gas and coal could see the average household bill in developed countries increase to close to 4,000 U.S. dollars by 2030. This compared to an average bill of some 3,200 U.S. dollars between 2016 and 2020. A net zero scenario would see energy bills less affected by disturbances of commodity prices, as the reliance on fossil fuels will have been further reduced.

Since 2021, the world has been immersed in an energy supply shortage that has greatly affected markets worldwide. According to a survey carried out in ***********, more than half of respondents in all countries and regions believed that the energy transition should be accelerated an the consumption of fossil fuels should be reduced. In the European Union, the share of respondents in favor of this measure was ** percent, while in the United States it stood at ** percent.

Introduction

In this project I visualise the latest World Energy Investment (WEI) data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), highlighting current investment trends.

Within the shifting landscape of energy production, exportation and security. I explore the exciting possibilities, using Morocco as a case study.

What is World Energy Investment?

The World Energy Investment is a yearly report published by the International Energy Agency. It serves as the primary source for understanding global trends in energy sector investments. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of: - Investment Flows: WEI tracks the amount of money being invested across various sectors of the energy industry. This includes investments in oil, gas, coal, renewable energy sources like solar and wind, energy efficiency, and research & development. - Investor Decisions: The report examines the factors that influence investment decisions. This involves analysing how risks and opportunities are perceived by investors in different areas of the energy sector. - Geographical Landscape: WEI provides insights into how energy investments are distributed around the world. It highlights which regions are attracting the most investment and in what sectors. - Policy and Security: The report explores how government policies and global energy security concerns impact investment trends.

The 2024 Edition and Recent Trends

The latest edition (2024) focuses on providing a complete picture of energy investments in 2023 with preliminary data for 2024. Some key trends highlighted in recent reports include: - Rise of Clean Energy: There's a significant increase in investments directed towards renewable energy sources like solar and wind. This is driven by factors like climate change concerns, falling renewable energy costs, and government policies promoting clean energy transition. - Energy Security Concerns: The recent global energy crisis (2022) has emphasised the importance of energy security. This has led to increased investments in sources that ensure a reliable and independent energy supply for countries. link - Flux in Traditional Fuels: Investments in fossil fuels like oil and gas have shown a complex pattern. While high fuel prices have boosted revenue for traditional energy companies, there's also uncertainty due to the shift towards clean energy.

The 2024 WEI delves deeper with these interesting additions:

• Investment Sources: It analyses the origin of funding for energy projects, including the role of development finance institutions in emerging economies.
• Clean vs Fossil Fuels: The report provides a clear comparison of investment trends between clean energy and fossil fuels.
• Regional Analysis: There's a new section dedicated to exploring investment patterns in ten key global economies and regions.

The Importance of World Energy Investment

The WEI report is crucial for understanding the future of the global energy landscape. By analysing investment trends, the report sheds light on: - Energy Security: It helps assess how well-equipped countries are to meet their future energy demands. - Climate Change Mitigation: The report indicates the pace of progress towards a low-carbon energy future. - Economic Growth: Investment trends provide insights into potential job creation and economic development in the energy sector.

WEI report - 2024:link

GB Fuel type power generation production (live): link

Visualisation: W_E_I_World.csv

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F13231939%2Fc1ca92d8ac240beb37a9dc95483d196d%2FScreenshot%202024-07-26%2010.43.56.png?generation=1721987197755137&alt=media" alt="">

A document with the R code for the above visualisation. link

Energy Aspirations: A Global Overview and Morocco as a case study

The global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by factors such as climate change, energy security, and technological advancements. Key aspirations include: - Decarbonisation: Transitioning from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources to mitigate climate change. - Energy Security: Reducing reliance on imported energy and ensuring domestic supply stability. - Affordability: Making energy accessible and affordable for all. - Innovation: Driving technological advancements to improve efficiency and develop new energy sources.

Energy Generation: A Focus on Renewables

Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal, are at the forefront of energy generation aspirations...

United States CSI: Eco: Recent Buss Conditions: Unfavorable Energy Crisis data was reported at 1.000 % in May 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.000 % for Apr 2018. United States CSI: Eco: Recent Buss Conditions: Unfavorable Energy Crisis data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 % from Jan 1978 (Median) to May 2018, with 485 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.000 % in Jul 1979 and a record low of 0.000 % in Apr 2018. United States CSI: Eco: Recent Buss Conditions: Unfavorable Energy Crisis data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by University of Michigan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.H028: Consumer Sentiment Index: Economic Conditions. During the last few months, have your heard of any favorable or unfavorable changes in business conditions? The question was: What did you hear?

Global energy supply reached around *** exajoules in 2024. This represented an increase of roughly *** percent in comparison to 2023. In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic and its impact on transportation fuel demand and the overall economic performance resulted in primary energy consumption declining to 2016 levels. Nevertheless, worldwide energy consumption is projected to increase over the next few decades. Most common types of fuel Oil is the main primary energy fuel in the world, followed by other fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. Each of these three sources had consumption levels of more than *** exajoules in 2023, while other fuel types were consumed considerably less. However, in recent years, renewables have become more frequently used as worldwide investment in clean energy has more than doubled since 2014. Energy industry performance Energy use rose consistently every year over the last two decades except for 2009 and 2020, following the global financial crisis and the aforementioned coronavirus pandemic. As fossil fuels remain the largest source of energy consumption, the prices of these commodities serve as an indicator of overall energy industry performance.

The COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s war on Ukraine have impacted the global economy, including the energy sector. The pandemic caused drastic fluctuations in energy demand, oil price shocks, disruptions in energy supply chains, and hampered energy investments, while the war left the world with energy price hikes and energy security challenges. The long-term impacts of these crises on low-carbon energy transitions and mitigation of climate change are still uncertain but are slowly emerging. This paper analyzes the impacts throughout the energy system, including upstream fuel supply, renewable energy investments, demand for energy services, and implications for energy equity, by reviewing recent studies and consulting experts in the field. We find that both crises initially appeared as opportunities for low-carbon energy transitions: the pandemic by showing the extent of lifestyle and behavioral change in a short period and the role of science-based policy advice, and the war by highlighting the need for greater energy diversification and reliance on local, renewable energy sources. However, the early evidence suggests that policymaking worldwide is focused on short-term, seemingly quicker solutions, such as supporting the incumbent energy industry in the post-pandemic era to save the economy and looking for new fossil fuel supply routes for enhancing energy security following the war. As such, the fossil fuel industry may emerge even stronger after these energy crises creating new lock-ins. This implies that the public sentiment against dependency on fossil fuels may end as a lost opportunity to translate into actions toward climate-friendly energy transitions, without ambitious plans for phasing out such fuels altogether. We propose policy recommendations to overcome these challenges toward achieving resilient and sustainable energy systems, mostly driven by energy services.

{"At present, renewable energy resources are very important for sustainable development as an alternative way of fossil fuel for energy crisis. The aim of this research is to investigate the potentials of renewable energy resources. The research also tried to find out the way to support and improve the growth of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh. About 70% of the people of Bangladesh live in rural areas and renewable energy is considered right choice for their power supply. Bangladesh produces electricity is mainly from natural gas and coal. Some electricity is imported from near neighboring countries. However, the total power generation capacity of Bangladesh (captive power and renewable energy) has increased 17,340 MW with only 3.02% share renewable energy which can’t fulfill country’s whole demand. Bangladesh government has planned to produce 10% of total electricity from renewable energy resources within 2021. Climate change caused by carbon emissions and environmental pollution has attracted worldwide attention and as forced the government to formulate new policy. So fossil fuel is not only main concern of Bangladesh, also along with will adapt and switch to the use of renewable energy resources. This problem can be reduced by organizing renewable energy resources (e.g. solar, wind, hydro, biomass, biogas etc.) and contributing to the country’s energy crisis. Renewable energy is considered as clean energy and can serve the electricity demand in the rural areas where grid connection is not possible."}

This dataset contains both time series describing the US natural gas market (prices, production, inventories and net exports) as well as Matlab/R scripts that allows to replicate the results described in the article "The European energy crisis and the US natural gas market dynamics. A structural VAR investigation" published in International Economics and Economic Policy 22. The detailed instruction on how to use the attached codes is presented in the readme.txt file.

Snapshot img

Renewable Energy Investment Market Size 2024-2028

The renewable energy investment market size is forecast to increase by USD 181.9 billion at a CAGR of 8.11% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by supportive government policies and increased spending on utility-scale projects. According to the latest market analysis, the global renewable energy sector is anticipated to witness substantial investments due to the increasing focus on reducing carbon emissions and transitioning away from fossil fuels. Governments worldwide are implementing policies and incentives to promote renewable energy adoption, creating a favorable business environment for investors. Moreover, the trend towards large-scale renewable energy projects is gaining momentum, with utility-scale solar and wind farms attracting substantial investments. However, the market is not without challenges. Competition from traditional energy sources, particularly fossil fuels, remains a significant barrier to growth. The volatility of renewable energy sources and the intermittency of solar and wind power generation are also concerns for investors. To capitalize on market opportunities and navigate challenges effectively, companies must stay informed about regulatory developments, technological advancements, and market trends. Strategic partnerships, innovation, and operational efficiency will be key differentiators for success in the market.

What will be the Size of the Renewable Energy Investment Market during the forecast period?

Request Free SampleThe market in the US is experiencing growth, driven by the increasing deployment of solar technology and offshore wind for electricity generation. Utility-scale solar projects are leading the charge, with capacity additions expected to continue due to grid resilience and energy affordability concerns. Federal investments and energy security considerations are also significant growth factors, as the US seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Paris Agreement and various clean energy laws. Policy developments, such as renewable portfolio standards and tax-credit transfer markets, are further fueling the market's expansion. The manufacturing sector is also playing a crucial role, with advancements in solar, wind, and biofuels technology driving innovation and efficiency. The renewable energy sector's growth is not limited to the US, as the EU and other regions are also making substantial investments in renewable energy. The IEA assessment indicates that renewable energy will continue to dominate new electricity capacity additions, with biofuels and generative artificial intelligence also playing a role in the energy transition. The energy crisis and decarbonization targets are further emphasizing the importance of renewable energy in the power system integration. The UN Climate Change Conference's Energy Transitions Stocktake and the Paris Agreement's policy developments are also influencing the market's direction. Overall, the renewable energy market is a dynamic and growing sector, with significant potential for continued expansion.

How is this Renewable Energy Investment Industry segmented?

The renewable energy investment industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments. TypeAsset financeSmall distributed capacityGeographyAPACChinaJapanNorth AmericaUSEuropeGermanySouth AmericaBrazilMiddle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The asset finance segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The market is experiencing significant growth as businesses seek energy affordability and decarbonization solutions amidst increasing energy crisis and regulatory boosts. companies offering financial services for renewable power projects, such as the Clean Energy Finance Corporation, are playing a crucial role in this expansion. These entities provide investments for small-scale clean energy projects, enabling businesses, manufacturers, commercial property owners, and farmers to transition to a low-emission future. However, investments in solar thermal projects, including concentrated solar power (CSP) and solar heating systems, have declined, with offshore wind now holding the third-largest share of investments at 7%. Hydroelectric power accounts for 4%, while other renewables account for 3%. Policy developments, such as renewable portfolio standards and clean energy laws, are driving the demand for fossil fuel alternatives, particularly wind technology and solar PV. Infrastructure investment in distributed systems, grid resilience, and power system integration is also essential for the competitiveness of renewable energy. Despite challenges, such as labor costs, transmission limitations, and permitting del

Under the Energy Efficiency Directive and the Renewable Energy Directive, EU Member States were required to report national figures and plans on heat and cold by the end of June 2024. This is in line with the European Energy Union's strategy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The main products are maps for the territory of Flanders with the heat demand at the level of the municipalities and the statistical sectors, maps of the existing and planned heat networks and finally also locations of potential heat supply points. The study was carried out by the Flemish Energy and Climate Agency. You can consult the accompanying report here: https://www.vlaanderen.be/building-living-and-energy/green-energy/heat map. For the update of the detailed heat demand within Flanders, the data of consumption year 2020 or 2021 are not representative, because of the corona crisis (lower mobility, lower industrial activity) and the energy crisis with a major impact on energy demand. Therefore, the global analysis was carried out again on the basis of the demand figures 2019 and the consumption data for 2022 were not retrieved from Fluvius.In order to give an indication of the evolution of the heat demand, it was chosen to calculate a ‘Flemish rescaling coefficient’. This coefficient compares the total useful heat in Flanders (which was previously described in Chapter 2) between the data years 2022 and 2019. The rescaling coefficient is 0.915. This data layer is the result of a rescaling of the heat demand density map at the level of the statistical sectors from 2019 with the said rescaling coefficient. The sectors where the geometry has undergone significant changes, which could have a strong impact on the result, have not been retained in the final data layer.

In this study, we conducted a wavelet analysis on the dependence between renewable energy indices and Brent oil index (Brent) for the period of 21st November, 2003 till 24th May, 2024. The objective of the paper includes comparing the co-movement of renewable energy stock prices and oil prices during three different crises including the global financial crisis, shale oil crisis and the covid-19 pandemic. We found that the dependence is similar for both Europe and on a global scale during the pre-crises time, where renewable energy prices lead Brent oil prices in the short and medium term. Furthermore, results confirm that there is substitutability between oil prices and renewable energy prices before all crises which shows a positive correlation. The results further show that the short and medium term dependence disappears after the oil crisis and financial crisis which is supported by the sudden loss in demand for oil. These findings show that co-movement changes between the three crises where there is no dependence between the indices after the financial and oil crisis while there is a negative correlation after the covid-19 pandemic. These findings could have significant ramifications for investors seeking to mitigate risks and for policymakers making decisions about supporting the advancement of renewable energy while understanding the change of behaviour between the two crises.

Global power sector emissions increased by 1.25 percent in 2023, relative to 2022 levels. Annual global power sector emissions have only reduced four times since 2001, with the largest reduction occurring in 2020, at 3.05 percent. Emissions rebounded almost seven percent the following year as global economies began to recover from the outbreak of COVID-19. A similar scenario occurred in 2009, when the global financial crisis caused emissions to fall 1.5 percent, before rebounding almost seven percent the following year.

The rising inflation worldwide in 2022 and 2023 is reflected in the increasing prices of the different commodity groups in the G7 countries. Most notably, the price of electricity, gas, and other fuels was high in the third quarter of 2024 in Japan, with price increases reaching 15 percent compared to the same period in 2023. On the other hand, gas and electricity inflation was negative in Germany, Italy, and the UK following extremely high rates in 2022 and the first half of 2023. Inflation rates increased sharply all around the world through 2022 and the beginning of 2023, spurred by Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February that year. Economic challenges in Japan As food and restaurant costs have risen in Japan in comparison to the rest of the G7 nations, overall, Japan is facing a period of economic slowdown. Over time, the value of the Japanese yen has dropped. Moreover, the Japanese GDP has also dropped, going from around five trillion U.S. dollars in 2021 to 4.1 trillion U.S. dollars by 2024. However, it is predicted to begin increasing by 2025. Falling electricity costs Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis driven by the February 2022 invasion of Russia into Ukraine, electricity prices increased worldwide through 2021, 2022, and 2023. As of 2024, inflation of electricity costs is decreasing across the G7, more than other commodity groups. This rise and fall can be seen throughout Europe as well as within the United States, after peaking in 2022.

With the rapid pace of industrialization and the increasing intensity of human activities, the global climate change and energy crisis have reached a heightened level of severity. Consequently, achieving an early peak in carbon emissions has become an imperative in addressing this pressing issue. Particularly, coastal provinces, known for their developed economies, high population density, and substantial building energy consumption, have emerged as significant contributors to carbon emissions. Notably, public buildings, serving as critical constituents of the construction industry, possess immense potential for both energy conservation and emissions reduction. In light of this, the present study focuses on Fujian Province, situated along the coast, and constructs a carbon emission estimation model for public buildings based on the Kaya identity. This model takes into account various factors specific to Fujian Province, including population characteristics, economic conditions, tertiary industry development, public building area, and energy consumption. Through scenario analysis, the study projects that the year of peak carbon emissions for public buildings in Fujian Province is estimated to be 2030, 2035, and 2040 under low-carbon, baseline, and high-carbon scenarios respectively. The corresponding peak carbon emission levels are anticipated to reach 23.62 million t, 24.18 million t, and 24.76 million t CO2. Lastly, based on local policies and actual conditions, the study proposes a set of policy measures and feasible approaches tailored to Fujian Province, aiming to achieve an early peak in carbon emissions.

Introduction: Developing biomass energy to alleviate the worldwide energy crisis has become a global priority. In order to ensure the optimal utilization of biomass energy, it is necessary to calculate a country’s biomass energy potential, so as to provide support for the formulation of biomass energy macro policies, especially for the sustainable supply of raw materials.Methods: This study constructs the biomass inventory, including crop straw, livestock manure, forest residues and municipal solid waste, and estimates the potential of the biomass energy supply of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2000 to 2020. The changes in the spatial pattern of the biomass energy supply are explored. Taking 2020 as a targeted year, the spatial patterns of biomass energy density defined as the biomass energy per land area and per rural person is then analyzed.Results: The results show that from 2000 to 2020, China’s biomass energy converted into coal equivalent generally showed a fluctuating upward trend from 139,141.73 × 104 tce in 2000–146,133.20 × 104 tce in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 0.24%. The biomass energy is dominated by livestock manure and crop straw and the four types of biomass energy show different changes but with an overall upward trend. The spatial patterns of the biomass energy potential are generally uneven, with significant inter-provincial differences and obvious regional differences in cold and hot spots. In 2020, the energy density of the biomass energy potential is characterized by “two highs and two lows,” i.e., the biomass energy density per unit land area is “high in the east and low in the west” and the per capita biomass energy density in rural areas is “high in the north and low in the south”.Discussion: The aims of this study are to assess the capacity of biomass resources in China to support a bio-based economy and provide a reference for China’s biomass energy policy formulation and strategic layout. Research shows that in order to further develop biomass energy, the development and utilization of biomass energy should be promoted in combination with China’s regional characteristics, rational planning and local conditions.

Global electricity generation has increased significantly over the past three decades, rising from less than 12,000 terawatt-hours in 1990 to over 30,000 terawatt-hours in 2024. During this period, electricity generation worldwide only registered an annual decline twice: in 2009, following the global financial crisis, and in 2020, amid the coronavirus pandemic. Sources of electricity generation The share of global electricity generated from clean energy sources –including renewables and nuclear power- amounted to almost 40 percent in 2024, up from approximately 32 percent at the beginning of the decade. Despite this growth, fossil fuels are still the main source of electricity generation worldwide. In 2024, almost 60 percent of the electricity was produced by coal and natural gas-fired plants. Regional differences Water, wind, and sun contribute to making Latin America and the Caribbean the region with the largest share of renewable electricity generated in the world. By comparison, several European countries rely on nuclear energy. However, the main electricity sources in the United States and China, the leading economic powers of the world, are respectively natural gas and coal.

Fusion Energy Market Outlook

As per our latest research and market analysis, the global fusion energy market size has reached USD 425 million in 2024, reflecting a strong momentum in research investments and pilot projects worldwide. The market is projected to expand at a robust CAGR of 41.2% from 2025 to 2033, driven by technological advancements and increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions. By 2033, the fusion energy market is forecasted to reach approximately USD 8.25 billion, underscoring the sectorÂ’s immense growth potential. Key growth factors include significant breakthroughs in plasma confinement technology, escalating public and private funding, and an urgent global need to decarbonize energy systems.

The primary growth driver for the fusion energy market is the accelerating pace of technological innovation, particularly in magnetic confinement and inertial confinement fusion. Over the past few years, global collaborations and public-private partnerships have resulted in significant milestones, such as achieving net energy gain in experimental reactors. These advancements are reducing the timeline for commercialization and instilling confidence among investors and policymakers. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence and advanced materials science is optimizing reactor performance, enhancing safety, and reducing operational costs. As a result, the sector is attracting substantial venture capital and government grants, which are further fueling research and development activities across the globe.

Another compelling factor propelling the fusion energy market is the surging demand for clean, reliable, and virtually limitless energy. As nations commit to ambitious carbon neutrality goals and phase out fossil fuels, fusion energy is increasingly viewed as a viable long-term solution. Unlike conventional nuclear fission, fusion presents minimal radioactive waste and zero carbon emissions, making it highly attractive for utilities and industrial players alike. Moreover, the global energy crisis, exacerbated by geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions, has intensified the search for resilient and secure energy sources. FusionÂ’s potential to deliver base-load power without the intermittency challenges of renewables is positioning it as a cornerstone of future energy strategies.

The expanding ecosystem of stakeholders is another crucial growth enabler for the fusion energy market. Governments, multinational corporations, research institutes, and innovative startups are collaborating on demonstration projects and pilot plants. This ecosystem is fostering a fertile environment for knowledge exchange, technology transfer, and workforce development. Furthermore, supportive regulatory frameworks and strategic investments in grid infrastructure are laying the groundwork for the eventual integration of fusion-generated power into national energy mixes. These collective efforts are accelerating commercialization timelines and paving the way for widespread adoption of fusion energy technologies over the next decade.

Regionally, the fusion energy market is witnessing dynamic growth patterns, with North America and Europe leading in terms of research infrastructure and funding. However, Asia Pacific is rapidly emerging as a significant player, leveraging its robust manufacturing base and ambitious energy transition policies. Each region is adopting unique strategies to harness fusionÂ’s potential, from large-scale public projects in Europe to agile, venture-backed startups in the United States and China. This regional diversification is enhancing the resilience and innovation capacity of the global fusion energy landscape, ensuring that progress is not concentrated in a single geography.

The role of the Fusion Magnetic Confinement Coil in advancing fusion technology cannot be overstated. These coils are integral to the magnetic confinement fusion approach, which relies on powerful magnetic fields to contain and stabilize the plasma within a reactor. The development of high-performance superconducting coils has been pivotal in achieving the necessary magnetic field strength to maintain plasma confinement over extended periods. As research progresses, innovations in coil design and materials are enhancing the efficiency and reliability of these systems, thereby red

Under the Energy Efficiency Directive and the Renewable Energy Directive, EU Member States were required to report national figures and plans on heat and cold by the end of June 2024. This is in line with the European Energy Union's strategy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The main products are maps for the territory of Flanders with the heat demand at the level of the municipalities and the statistical sectors, maps of the existing and planned heat networks and finally also locations of potential heat supply points. The study was carried out by the Flemish Energy and Climate Agency. You can consult the accompanying report here: https://www.vlaanderen.be/building-living-and-energy/green-energy/heat map. For the update of the detailed heat demand within Flanders, the data of consumption year 2020 or 2021 are not representative, because of the corona crisis (lower mobility, lower industrial activity) and the energy crisis with a major impact on energy demand. Therefore, the global analysis was carried out again on the basis of the demand figures 2019 and the consumption data for 2022 were not retrieved from Fluvius.In order to give an indication of the evolution of the heat demand, it was chosen to calculate a ‘Flemish rescaling coefficient’. This coefficient compares the total useful heat in Flanders (which was previously described in Chapter 2) between the data years 2022 and 2019. The rescaling coefficient is 0.915. This data layer is the result of a rescaling of the 2019 municipal heat demand density map with the aforementioned rescaling coefficient, taking into account the municipal mergers that took place between 2019 and 2022.