The average gas price in Great Britain in May 2025 was 82.59 British pence per therm. This was seven pence higher than the same month the year prior and follows a trend of increasing gas prices. Energy prices in the UK Energy prices in the UK have been exceptionally volatile throughout the 2020s. Multiple factors, such as a lack of gas storage availability and the large share of gas in heating, have exacerbated the supply issue in the UK that followed the Russia-Ukraine war. This has also led to many smaller suppliers announcing bankruptcy, while an upped price cap threatened the energy security of numerous households. The United Kingdom has some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide. How is gas used in the UK? According to a 2023 survey conducted by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 58 percent of respondents used gas as a heating method during the winter months. On average, household expenditure on energy from gas in the UK stood at some 24.9 billion British pounds in 2023, double the amount spent just two years prior.

The Indonesian Oil & Gas Downstream Market is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 4% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, Indonesia's burgeoning population and expanding economy are driving increased energy demand, particularly in transportation and industrial sectors. Secondly, government initiatives focused on infrastructure development and energy security are creating a favorable investment climate. Thirdly, the increasing adoption of cleaner energy technologies within the downstream sector, although still a relatively small part of the overall market, is contributing to overall market growth while promoting sustainable practices. However, the market faces challenges, including fluctuating global oil prices, environmental concerns regarding emissions, and potential regulatory changes impacting investment decisions. The market is segmented primarily into refineries and petrochemical plants, with significant players including PT Pertamina (Persero), TotalEnergies SE, Chevron Corporation, Shell PLC, Exxon Mobil Corporation, and PT Perusahaan Gas Negara TBK. These companies are strategically investing in capacity expansion and technological upgrades to meet the rising demand and adapt to evolving market conditions. The Indonesia Oil & Gas Downstream Market, estimated at a market size of $XX million (this requires a factual value to replace $XX) in 2025, demonstrates a significant potential for growth. The market's strength is underpinned by strong domestic demand driven by increasing industrialization and a growing middle class. While international competition and price volatility remain considerable risks, the Indonesian government's ongoing commitment to energy security and infrastructure improvements is creating a positive environment for continued expansion. The strategic investments by major players in refining capacity and petrochemical production will be crucial in shaping the market's trajectory in the coming years, with a focus on efficiency, sustainability, and technological advancements likely to be key differentiators. Further segmentation analysis, including a breakdown by product type (e.g., gasoline, diesel, petrochemicals) within refineries and petrochemical plants, would offer a more granular understanding of the market dynamics. Recent developments include: In August 2021, Indonesia's Chandra Asri Petrochemical (CAP) announced that it had secured an investment of USD 1.7 billion for its second world-scale integrated petrochemical complex in Indonesia., In December 2021, Samsung Engineering won a Front-end Engineering Design (FEED) project for Indonesia's largest petrochemical plant in Tuban, Java Island. The project aims to produce 700,000 ton of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and 300,000 ton of annual Naphtha Cracking Center (NCC) with an annual capacity of 1 million ton., In January 2022, Lotte Chemical announced plans to build a USD 3.9 billion chemical plant in Indonesia. The Lotte Chemical Indonesia New Ethylene project (LINE) will be located in Merak, Banten Province, western Java.. Notable trends are: Refining Segment Expected to Dominate the Market.

The UK inflation rate was 3.4 percent in May 2025, down from 3.5 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since February 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.