Wholesale electricity prices in the European Union (EU) increased in 2024 after recovering from the global energy crisis in 2023. This was the result of a myriad of factors, including increased demand in the “post-pandemic” economic recovery, a rise in natural gas and coal prices, and a decline in renewable power generation due to low wind speeds and drought. Nuclear power's critical role In 2023, nuclear and wind were among the leading sources of electricity generation in the EU, accounting for more than one-third of the output. Nuclear energy continues to play a crucial role in the European Union's electricity mix, generating approximately 619 terawatt-hours in 2023, which accounted for about 20 percent of the region's power production. However, the future of nuclear power in Europe is uncertain, with some countries like Germany phasing out their nuclear plants while others maintain their reliance on this energy source. The varied approaches to nuclear power across EU member states contribute to the differences in electricity prices and supply stability throughout the region.

Renewable energy's growing impact As Europe strives to decarbonize its energy sector, renewable sources are gaining prominence. Wind power in Europe, in particular, has seen significant growth, with installed capacity in Europe reaching 257.1 gigawatt hours in 2023. This expansion of renewable energy infrastructure is gradually reshaping the electricity market, potentially leading to more stable prices in the long term. However, the intermittent nature of some renewable sources, such as wind and solar, can still contribute to price fluctuations, especially during periods of low output.

Germany, Belgium, and Ireland had some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide, as of June 2024. At the time, German households were charged around 0.39 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Belgium, the price stood at 0.37 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Qatar, residents paid more than 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations. The top importers of natural gas in Europe in 2023 were Germany and Italy, where this energy source constitutes a relevant share of the power mix.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In most European cities, energy prices constituted the main share of the residential end-user electricity price in February 2024. Energy price shares are among the highest in the capital cities of Cyprus, Malta, and Ireland, which are largely reliant on energy imports. Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Brussels account for the largest share of energy taxes in the region. In the Danish capital, for instance, energy taxes -including VAT- represented 47 percent of the residential electricity price. Household electricity prices around the world Italy and Germany have some of the highest electricity prices in the world. Heavily reliant on natural gas imports, these two countries were profoundly stricken by the 2022 energy crisis. Overall, Western Europe is the most expensive region for household power purchases, while many large energy producing countries such as Russia and Saudi Arabia offer their residents the cheapest average rates. Heating gas prices in European cities In terms of residential use gas prices in Europe, Stockholm was the most expensive city in January 2024. Inhabitants of Sweden's capital paid for gas nearly 40 percent more than consumers in Bern, Switzerland, which ranked second. Imports dominate Sweden's gas supply.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Table comparing electricity prices per kWh and their annual changes in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy, highlighting the variations across European countries. Source: Eurostat.

In 2023, electricity prices for an annual consumption between 2,500 to 5,000 kilowatt-hours in the European Union were the highest for households in Germany. The nation's residences paid on average more than 40 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. In comparison, costs were the lowest in the Hungary, where households paid 11.5 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices in the European Union averaged 28.3 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in the second half of the year.

This dataset provides values for ENERGY PRICES. reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Energy Prices In the Euro Area decreased to 150.70 points in February from 151.16 points in January of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Energy Prices.

In March 2024, industrial electricity prices in the European countries of Poland, Italy, and the United Kingdom were among the highest in the world, at over 0.40 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Singapore was the Asian country with the highest electricity bill worldwide at that time. Lowest electricity prices in the world The average retail electricity price in the United States was considerably lower than in most of Europe. Iceland was the European country with one of the lowest electricity bills for enterprises that month. At the bottom of the ranking were also Russia, Iraq, Qatar, Argentina, and Libya. In these countries, commercial electricity prices amounted to less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices In addition, European countries had the highest household electricity prices worldwide that month, with Italy at the top of the ranking. By comparison, Iran and Ethiopia had the lowest residential electricity prices in the world.

This table contains consumer prices for electricity and gas. Weighted average monthly prices are published broken down into transport rate, delivery rates and taxes, both including and excluding VAT. These prices are published on a monthly basis.

Data available from: January 2021

Status of the figures: When first published, the figures are provisional. These will become definitive with the following month’s publication.

Changes compared with previous version: Data on the most recent period have been added and/or adjustments have been implemented.

When will new figures be published? New figures will usually be published between the first and second Thursday of the month.

This table contains consumer prices for electricity and gas. Weighted average monthly prices are published broken down into transport rate, delivery rates and taxes, both including and excluding VAT. These prices are published on a monthly basis. The prices presented in this table were used to compile the CPI up to May 2023. Prices for newly offered contracts were collected. Contract types that are no longer offered, but have been in previous reporting periods, are imputed. The average can therefore diverge from the prices paid for energy contracts by Dutch households.

Data available from January 2018 up to May 2023.

Status of the figures: The figures are definitive.

Changes as of 17 July 2023: This table will no longer be updated. Due to a change in the underlying data and accompanying method for calculcating average energy prices, a new table was created. See paragraph 3.

Changes as of 13 February: Average delivery rates are not shown in this table from January 2023 up to May 2023. With the introduction of the price cap, the average energy rates (delivery rates) of fixed and variable energy contracts together remained useful for calculating a development for the CPI. However, as a pricelevel, they are less useful. Average energy prices from January 2023 up to May 2023 are published in a customized table. In this publication, only data concerning new variable contracts are taken into account

When will new figures be published? Does not apply.

This statistic represents the price of electricity to industrial consumers in selected European countries during the last six months of 2017, with a breakdown by country. In Ireland, consumers in the industrial sector paid around 10.95 euro cents plus tax for one kilowatt hour of electricity.

Industrial sector electricity prices in selected European countries

At 6.77 euro-cents per kilowatt hour, Czechia has some of the cheapest industrial sector electricity rates, reaching less than half that of Malta’s. Malta’s industrial sector electricity price is among the highest in the European Union, reaching 13.53 euro-cents per kilowatt hour in December 2017. Compared to other countries, some EU member states have very high electricity prices overall. Electricity prices in Italy are in excess of 15 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt hour while Canada’s electricity prices average about 7.23 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt hour.

Power tariffs can vary by a large range by country - and often within individual countries as well. Differences in prices are due to a range of factors such as market price of fuel used, subsidies, and industry regulation. Supply and demand are also highly influential in changing prices. Certain weather patterns, such as high heat, can also raise prices when use of air conditioning becomes more prevalent. In virtually all markets, like that of the European Union, electricity rates also vary for industrial, residential, and commercial customers. Since expenditures for power can slab off a fair amount of a company’s revenue, industrial electricity tariffs – particularly when it comes to power-intensive industries, including the cement or metal manufacturing sectors - are often lower than residential rates. Household electricity prices are among the highest in Denmark, where those with an annual consumption of 1,000 to 2,500 kilowatt hours must pay about 33 euro-cents per kilowatt hour.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Graph and download economic data for Global price of Natural gas, EU (PNGASEUUSDM) from Jan 1990 to Feb 2025 about EU, gas, World, Europe, and price.

TTF Gas decreased 8.92 EUR/MWh or 17.69% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas TTF - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

In 2022, Denmark recorded the highest residential electricity price for users with an annual consumption of 1,000 to 2,500 kilowatt-hours within Europe, at 54.47 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. This was followed by Belgium, at 41.1 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. That same year, Denmark also had the highest electricity price for households with an annual consumption between 2,500 and 5,000 kilowatt-hours, at 52.15 euro cents per kilowatt-hour.

This table shows the consumption and producer price of energy.

The energy consumption figures for total energy, natural gas, oil, coal and other sources relate to primary consumption. For electricity, this is the final consumption.

The producer price figures refer to the price of goods available for domestic consumption. This is the price that producers or importers have received for the energy product supplied.

Data available from January 1995 to December 2017

Status of the figures

Energy consumption: Data from 1995 to 2014 are final. Data from 2015 and 2016 are further preliminary and data from 2017 are provisional.

Producer price: Data from 1995 to July 2017 are final. Data from August 2017 are provisional.

As this table has been discontinued, these data will no longer be definitively made.

Changes as of 31 January 2019: None, this table has been discontinued. The shifting of the basis in producer prices does not allow a comparison between different base years.

When are new figures coming? No longer applicable.