In the third quarter of 2025, Bermuda had the highest household electricity prices worldwide, followed by Ireland, Italy, and Germany. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.44 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.42 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in September 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

In most European cities, energy prices constituted the main share of the residential end-user electricity price in July 2025. Energy price shares are among the highest in the capital cities of Cyprus, Malta, and Greece, which are largely reliant on energy imports. Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Brussels account for the largest energy taxes in the region. In the Danish capital, for instance, energy taxes -including VAT- represented ** percent of the residential electricity price. Household electricity prices around the world Italy and Germany have some of the highest electricity prices in the world. Heavily reliant on natural gas imports, these two countries were profoundly stricken by the 2022 energy crisis. Overall, Western Europe is the most expensive region for household power purchases, while many large energy-producing countries such as Russia and Saudi Arabia offer their residents the cheapest average rates. Heating gas prices in European cities In terms of residential use gas prices in Europe, Stockholm was the most expensive city in January 2025. Inhabitants of Sweden's capital paid for gas over 8* percent more than consumers in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, which ranked second. Imports dominate Sweden's gas supply.

Table comparing electricity prices per kWh and their annual changes in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy, highlighting the variations across European countries. Source: Eurostat.

In 2024, Germany recorded the highest residential electricity price for users within Europe, at 44.11 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. This was followed by Ireland, at 36.11 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Italy, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark and Czechia were also among the countries with the highest electricity costs.

This dataset provides values for ENERGY PRICES. reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In September 2024, industrial electricity prices in the European countries of Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom were among the highest in the world, at around **** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Singapore was the Asian country with the highest electricity bill worldwide at that time. Lowest electricity prices in the world The average retail electricity price in the United States was considerably lower than in most of Europe. Iceland was the European country with one of the lowest electricity bills for enterprises that month. At the bottom of the ranking were also Russia, Iraq, Qatar, Argentina, and Libya. In these countries, commercial electricity prices amounted to less than *** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices In addition, European countries had the highest household electricity prices worldwide that month, with Italy at the top of the ranking. By comparison, Iran and Ethiopia had the lowest residential electricity prices in the world.

In 2024, electricity prices for an annual consumption between 2,500 and 5,000 kilowatt-hours in the European Union were the highest for households in Germany. The nation's residences paid on average more than 40 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. In comparison, costs were the lowest in Hungary, where households paid 10.6 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices in the European Union averaged 28.7 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in the second half of the year.

Energy Prices In the Euro Area decreased to 144.13 points in October from 144.37 points in September of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Energy Prices.

The average wholesale electricity price in September 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

In the second half of 2024, the electricity prices for household end users (including taxes, levies, and VAT) in the European Union decreased compared to 2024. Electricity prices in the European Union peaked in 2023, reaching 29.37 euro cents per kilowatt-hour.The prices include electricity/basic price, transmission, system services, meter rental, distribution, and other services.

Hourly European Power Market Prices

Price Comparisons by System, Type and Currency

By [source]

About this dataset

This dataset contains hourly European Day-Ahead Market Power Prices from various systems, types and currencies to give users an in depth look into energy markets. It helps businesses, researchers and analysts make strategic decisions by providing information on current prices as well as trends across different systems, allowing them to better anticipate the energy markets and their needs. This dataset covers everything from prices in euros or British pounds, to different types like wind power or solar energy. With origin data of the source countries included as well, users can analyze the up-to-date market information with unparalleled convenience! Pick your system, type and currency combinations for details that can help you take advantage of both expected and unexpected changes in this ever dynamic market

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How to use the dataset

This dataset contains hourly European Day-Ahead Market Power Price data from various systems, types and currencies. It can be used by anyone looking to compare power market prices between regions and systems, or by energy producers or traders seeking to estimate future prices.

To use this dataset, users need to first select the column that corresponds with their desired price metric (sistema). Then they must select the type of currency (tipo_moneda) for which they want to analyze the data. Lastly, users should select the system (sistema) for which they want to get price information for their selected currency type. Once these criteria are defined, users can then analyze trends in pricing over time by using the fecha and hora columns. Furthermore, using the origen_dato column allows users to easily identify the source of their data if needed. Additionally, info on when each price was last updated is available in fecha_actualizacion column as well as a flag indicating whether a certain price is valid or invalid as indicated by bandera column.

Utilizing this dataset in its entirety will allow investors an easy way of identifying pricing differences between markets and systems quickly while also affording them with greater insights into various power markets across Europe

Research Ideas

• Comparing the regional prices of electricity and natural gas in Europe by hour, system and currency to determine where costs are highest and lowest.
• Investigating the correlation between types of energy, systems, currencies and prices over time to identify market trends.
• Analyzing price variations over a given period of time to inform decisions regarding investments or procurement strategies in energy markets across Europe

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) - Public Domain Dedication No Copyright - You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. See Other Information.

Columns

File: da_market_data.csv | Column name | Description | |:------------------------|:-------------------------------------| | fecha | Date of the price. (Date) | | hora | Hour of the price. (Time) | | sistema | System of the price. (String) | | bandera | Flag of the price. (String) | | precio | Price of the system. (Float) | | tipo_moneda | Currency type of the price. (String) | | origen_dato | Data source of the price. (String) | | fecha_actualizacion | Date of the last update. (Date) |

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. If you use this dataset in your research, please credit .

This table contains consumer prices for electricity and gas. Weighted average monthly prices are published broken down into transport rate, delivery rates and taxes, both including and excluding VAT. These prices are published on a monthly basis. The prices presented in this table were used to compile the CPI up to May 2023. Prices for newly offered contracts were collected. Contract types that are no longer offered, but have been in previous reporting periods, are imputed. The average can therefore diverge from the prices paid for energy contracts by Dutch households.

Data available from January 2018 up to May 2023.

Status of the figures: The figures are definitive.

Changes as of 17 July 2023: This table will no longer be updated. Due to a change in the underlying data and accompanying method for calculcating average energy prices, a new table was created. See paragraph 3.

Changes as of 13 February: Average delivery rates are not shown in this table from January 2023 up to May 2023. With the introduction of the price cap, the average energy rates (delivery rates) of fixed and variable energy contracts together remained useful for calculating a development for the CPI. However, as a pricelevel, they are less useful. Average energy prices from January 2023 up to May 2023 are published in a customized table. In this publication, only data concerning new variable contracts are taken into account

When will new figures be published? Does not apply.

Description:

The European Power Grid Network dataset contains anonym zed data that sheds light on the intricate connections between nodes within Europe’s electricity grid. Researchers and policymakers can leverage this dataset to gain valuable insights into energy trading patterns, nodal prices, and the stability of energy supply.

1. Network Structure and Insights:

o The dataset provides detailed information about the interconnections between nodes across the European power grid. Researchers can analyze these links to understand how electricity flows between different regions. o By examining nodal prices, researchers can uncover pricing dynamics. This includes variations based on geographical location, demand, and supply. o Geospatial analysis facilitated by this dataset allows researchers to identify patterns in power market behavior, congestion points, and reliability challenges.

2. Critical Energy Supplies and Stability:

o Identifying critical energy supplies is essential for maintaining grid stability. Policymakers can use this dataset to inform decisions related to energy security and resilience. o Additionally, the dataset enables cross-state comparisons of power price competitiveness, aiding policymakers in designing effective energy policies.

This dataset contains anonymized information about the European power grid network, providing insights on the connections between nodes and their pricing. To use this dataset, one must identify the source and destination nodes of the power grid along with associated features such as prices and country information.

Firstly, it is important to understand the readings of each column in order to navigate through the data effectively:

1. from: The source node of the power grid. (Integer)

2. to: The destination node of the power grid. (Integer)

3. name: Name of the node in European Power Grid Network. (String)

4. price: Price of electricity at each node. (Float)

5. country: Country in which a particular node is located. (String).

Secondly, it is helpful to visualize and explore this dataset with various plots for better understanding its features for valuable analysis insights such as geospatial exploration by plotting out their geographical locations on maps; comparison between different countries or regions regarding electricity prices; assessing economic relationships through trade flows or supply-chains networks related to energy market developments; etc., all are possible via simple analyses that can be done from this european_power_grid dataset!

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors.

https://zenodo.org/records/7037956#.Y9Y6yNJBwUE

License

License: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) - Public Domain Dedication No Copyright - You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

This table contains consumer prices for electricity and gas. Weighted average monthly prices are published broken down into transport rate, delivery rates and taxes, both including and excluding VAT. These prices are published on a monthly basis.

Data available from: January 2021

Status of the figures: When first published, the figures are provisional. These will become definitive with the following month’s publication.

Changes compared with previous version: Data on the most recent period have been added and/or adjustments have been implemented.

When will new figures be published? New figures will usually be published between the first and second Thursday of the month.

This statistic represents the price of electricity to industrial consumers in selected European countries during the last six months of 2017, with a breakdown by country. In Ireland, consumers in the industrial sector paid around ***** euro cents plus tax for one kilowatt hour of electricity.

Industrial sector electricity prices in selected European countries

At **** euro-cents per kilowatt hour, Czechia has some of the cheapest industrial sector electricity rates, reaching less than half that of Malta’s. Malta’s industrial sector electricity price is among the highest in the European Union, reaching ***** euro-cents per kilowatt hour in December 2017. Compared to other countries, some EU member states have very high electricity prices overall. Electricity prices in Italy are in excess of ** U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt hour while Canada’s electricity prices average about **** U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt hour.

Power tariffs can vary by a large range by country - and often within individual countries as well. Differences in prices are due to a range of factors such as market price of fuel used, subsidies, and industry regulation. Supply and demand are also highly influential in changing prices. Certain weather patterns, such as high heat, can also raise prices when use of air conditioning becomes more prevalent. In virtually all markets, like that of the European Union, electricity rates also vary for industrial, residential, and commercial customers. Since expenditures for power can slab off a fair amount of a company’s revenue, industrial electricity tariffs – particularly when it comes to power-intensive industries, including the cement or metal manufacturing sectors - are often lower than residential rates. Household electricity prices are among the highest in Denmark, where those with an annual consumption of 1,000 to ***** kilowatt hours must pay about ** euro-cents per kilowatt hour.

TTF Gas fell to 27.92 EUR/MWh on December 3, 2025, down 0.17% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has fallen 14.22%, and is down 40.94% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.