This is the Index of Place Names (IPN) in Great Britain as at December 2023 (published July 2024). The IPN was first produced after the 1831 Census; this new version has been greatly expanded in content and extent. Featuring over 100,000 entries, it lists the names of localities and geography areas throughout England, Scotland and Wales. The IPN is published annually and with an updated and informative user guide giving a full rundown and explanation of the contents (File Size - 8 MB).

This user guide gives a full rundown and explanation of the contents of the new 2021 Index of Place Names (IPN) in Great Britain. The download includes PDF and ODT versions of the user guide. (File Size - 570KB)

Click the title for more information and to download the product. (File Size - 32 MB)

This user guide gives a full rundown and explanation of the contents of the new 2016 Index of Place Names (IPN) in Great Britain. (File Size - 644 KB)

This user guide gives a full rundown and explanation of the contents of the 2024 Index of Place Names (IPN) in Great Britain. The download includes PDF and ODT versions of the user guide. (File Size - 568 KB)

This user guide gives a full rundown and explanation of the contents of the new 2022 Index of Place Names (IPN) in Great Britain. The download includes PDF and ODT versions of the user guide. (File Size - 567 KB)

INDEX VILLARIS: or, An Alphabetical Table of all the cities, market-towns, parishes, villages, and private seats in England and Wales was first published by John Adams in 1680. This dataset consists of a transcription of all 24,000 place-names listed in Index Villaris, together with the the symbols representing Adams's categorisation of each place and modern versions of the place-names and the counties and administrative hundred in which they lie or lay. It also comprises a transcription of the latitude and longitude recorded by Adams, and another set of coordinates generated by the application of a thin plate spline transformation calculated by matching some 2,000 place-names to the accurately-georeferenced CAMPOP Towns dataset.

The dataset is being checked, corrected, and refined to include linkage to other geospatial references such as OpenStreetMap and Wikidata, and will in due course be made available in the Linked Places Format.

This file contains names and codes for Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) in England and Wales as at December 2015. (File size - 16KB).

The TCITY statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-Up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data.

Field Names - TCITYCD, TCITYNM, FID

Field Types - Text, Text, Number

Field Lengths - 9, 20

FID = The FID, or Feature ID is created by the publication process when the names and codes / lookup products are published to the Open Geography portal. REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_Dec_2015_Names_and_Codes_in_England_and_Wales_2022/FeatureServer

The Pronunciation lexicon of British place names, surnames and first names was produced by the University of Poitiers (France) through a funding from ELRA in the framework of the European Commission project LRsP&P (Language Resources Production & Packaging - LE4-8335). This lexicon is an SGML-encoded database of British proper names. All entries belong to one or several of the following categories: place-names (a quasi-exhaustive list of toponyms from England, Scotland and Wales), and surnames or first names (a selection of names based on an extensive survey of bibliographic sources in the field of British onomastics combined with lists compiled by the author of this lexicon). The database is composed of 160,000 entries, breaking down as follows:Place-names Number of entries Number of transcriptions England 31,635 44,969 Wales 5,085 9,941 Scotland 15,363 20,397 Total 1 52,083 75,307 Surnames 92,456 115,934 First names 15,461 20,803 Total 2 107,917 136,737 Total 1+2 160,000 212,044 All phonemic transcriptions in the database are based on the SAMPA phonetic alphabet

In English place name analysis, meanings are often derived from the resemblance of roots in place names to topographical features, proper names and/or habitation terms in one of the languages that have had an influence on English place names. The problem here is that it is sometimes difficult to determine the base language to use to interpret the roots. The purpose of this paper is to stochastically determine the resemblance between 18799 English place names and 84687 place names from Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Ancient Rome. Each English place name is ranked according to the extent to which it resembles place names from the other countries, and this provides a basis for determining the likely language to use to interpret the place name. A number of observations can be made using the ranking provided. In particular, it is found that ‘Harlington’ is the most archetypically English place name in the English sample, and ‘Anna’ is the least. Furthermore, it is found that the place names in the non-English datasets are most similar to Norwegian place names and least similar to Welsh place names.

London was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2025, with an estimated population of *** million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second-biggest urban agglomeration. The agglomerations of Birmingham and Leeds / Bradford had the third and fourth-largest populations, respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow, was the fifth largest. Largest cities in Europe Two cities in Europe had larger urban areas than London, with Istanbul having a population of around **** million and the Russian capital Moscow having a population of over **** million. The city of Paris, located just over 200 miles away from London, was the second-largest city in Europe, with a population of more than **** million people. Paris was followed by London in terms of population size, and then by the Spanish cities of Madrid and Barcelona, at *** million and *** million people, respectively. The Italian capital, Rome, was the next largest city at *** million, followed by Berlin at *** million. London’s population growth Throughout the 1980s, the population of London fluctuated from a high of **** million people in 1981 to a low of **** million inhabitants in 1988. During the 1990s, the population of London increased once again, growing from ****million at the start of the decade to **** million by 1999. London's population has continued to grow since the turn of the century, and despite declining between 2019 and 2021, it reached *** million people in 2023 and is forecast to reach almost *** million by 2047.

Database of Irish Place Names --> --> External Link--> --> -->

Towns in England and Wales: towns list, cities list, classification and population data.

A comprehensive dataset of place names, roads numbers and postcodes for Great Britain.

Accurate locations Let your customer-facing staff find places quickly when talking to callers. OS Open Names provides the accurate locations of streets and postcodes in Great Britain.

Place name data Quickly look up places and roads with two names. OS Open Names contains place name data in English and their Welsh, Scots or Gaelic alternatives.

Simple licensing Save money and benefit from simple licensing terms. OS Open Names is free to view, download and use for commercial, education and personal purposes.

This web mapping application enables you to locate a place name from the Index of Place Names in Great Britain (IPN) as at December 2020, and display it on a base map together with a full list of its attributes. Featuring over 100,000 entries, the IPN lists the names of localities and administrative areas throughout England, Scotland and Wales.

This statistic shows the ten largest cities in the United Kingdom in 2021. In 2021, around 8.78 million people lived in London, making it the largest city in the United Kingdom.

This file contains the digital points for the Index of Place Names in Great Britain as at July 2016. Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.REST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE Feature DownloadService – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/Index_of_Place_Names_in_Great_Britain_July_2016_/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilitiesREST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Index of Place Names in Great Britain (July 2016)_new/FeatureServer

Place names are important carriers of spatial information and attribute information for geographic entities. Transliteration of place names refers to the use of Chinese characters to translate place names in another language. However, current place name transliteration work suffers from issues such as time-consuming and inconsistent manual translation, as well as low accuracy in machine translation. Therefore, this article proposes a knowledge graph based method for English place name transliteration. This method mainly solves the core problem in place name translation: syllable optimization. By using a deep learning based phoneme generation method to generate place name proper phonemes, it is convenient to optimize the syllables of proper names using the constructed English place name knowledge graph. This knowledge graph-based syllable optimization effectively solves problems in machine translation, such as incomplete rule representation, infinite loops, one-to-many optimization results, weight setting, and nested rule optimization. Experimental comparisons conducted on Canadian place names demonstrate that the accuracy of the transliteration based on the knowledge graph can reach 91.2%, indicating that the proposed method improves the accuracy and efficiency of place name translation.

Reused dataset from https://data.depositar.io/dataset/place-names-in-west-central-district-of-tainanPlace Names on Ancient Maps of West Central District of Tainan, Taiwan來源研究計畫：空間資訊科學與跨領域研究─台江內海地區的人文社會經濟發展與環境變遷-用以處理台江內海地區時空資訊之協同研究平台的探索與建立 (http://gis.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/taijiang/子計畫四)English Translation for Place Name and Type via Google Translation