This dataverse repository contains two datasets: 1. A one square meter resolution map of biomass for the City of Boston. Units are Mg biomass per hectare (Mg/ha). 2. A one square meter resolution map of canopy cover for the City of Boston. Units are binary: 0 = no canopy, 1 = canopy Both datasets are derived from LiDAR and high resolution remote sensing imagery. Details of the methodology are provided in the following publications: Raciti, SM, Hutyra, LR, Newell, JD, 2014. Mapping carbon storage in urban trees withmulti-source remote sensing data: Relationships between biomass, land use, and demographics in Boston neighborhoods,Science of the Total Environment, 500-501, 72-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.070 Raciti, SM, Hutyra, LR, Newell, JD, 2015. Corrigendum to “Mapping carbon storage in urban trees with multi-source remote sensing data: Relationships between biomass, land use, and demographics in Boston neighborhoods”, Science of the Total Environment, 538, 1039-1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.154

Noise pollution in cities has major negative effects on the health of both humans and wildlife. Using iPhones, we collected sound-level data at hundreds of locations in four areas of Boston, Massachusetts (USA) before, during, and after the fall 2020 pandemic lockdown, during which most people were required to remain at home. These spatially dispersed measurements allowed us to make detailed maps of noise pollution that are not possible when using standard fixed sound equipment. The four sites were: the Boston University campus (which sits between two highways), the Fenway/Longwood area (which includes an urban park and several hospitals), Harvard Square (home of Harvard University), and East Boston (a residential area near Logan Airport). Across all four sites, sound levels averaged 6.4 dB lower during the pandemic lockdown than after. Fewer high noise measurements occurred during lockdown as well. The resulting sound maps highlight noisy locations such as traffic intersections and qui..., We collected sound measurements within four different urban sites in Boston, Massachusetts. Working in small teams of 2-4 people, we used the mobile app SPLnFFT to collect sound level data in A-weighted decibel readings using smartphones. We exclusively used iPhones for data collection for consistency in hardware and software. Before each collection, we calibrated each iPhone to the same standard, which was used for every collection outing. We recorded the L50 value (the median sound level) for each recording because the L50 value is less affected by short bursts of loud sound than the mean reading. Recordings ran for approximately 20 seconds each. We recorded all sound measurements between 9 am and 5 pm on workdays to avoid the influence of rush-hour traffic, and only collected data on days without rain, snow, or strong wind to prevent inaccuracies due to weather. Within these conditions, we collected sound measurements over multiple days and at different times to ensure representative..., , # Data from: Maps made with smartphones highlight lower noise pollution during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown at four locations in Boston

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ncjsxkt35

Dataset contents include csv files of all data (each file describes collection year and site of data), R script used to create noise maps, and kml files needed to run the map creation code.

Description of the data and file structure

Each csv file contains the L50 values (median sound level) taken from hundreds of 20 second recordings over multiple collection days. The SPLnFFT application exports the latitude and longitude of where the recording was taken, which is also included in the csv files and is used to create the noise maps. The csv files are used as data frames for the R script to create noise maps for each collection site. The R script contains comments and instructions to clearly indicate each step of the map creation. The kml files are used to create bound...

This reference contains the imagery data used in the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Orthophotos, raw imagery, and scanned aerial photos are common files held here. High-quality existing photography housed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Office of Geographic and Environmental Information (MassGIS) was used as the base for the BOHA vegetation map. A true color orthophotomosaic was developed from a set of digital 1:5,000 scale medium resolution true color aerial images that are considered the new "basemap" for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts by MassGIS and the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs (EOEA) until 2005 DOQs became available in 2006 (MassGIS 2007). The photography for the entire commonwealth was captured in April 2005 when deciduous trees were mostly bare and the ground was generally free of snow. The image type is 4-band (RGBN) natural color (Red, Green, Blue) and Near infrared in 8 bits (values ranging 0-255) per band format.

Seagrass beds are critical wetlands components of shallow marine ecosystems along the Massachusetts coastline. Seagrass beds provide food and cover for a great variety of commercially and recreationally important fauna and their prey. The leaf canopy of the seagrass bed calms the water, filters suspended matter and together with extensive roots and rhizomes, stabilizes sediment. Seagrasses are often referred to as "Submerged Aquatic Vegetation" or SAV. This distinguishes them from algae, which are not classified as plants by biologists (rather they are often placed in the kingdom protista), and distinguishes them from the "emergent" saltwater plants found in salt marshes.

In Massachusetts, the dominant SAV is Zostera marina or eelgrass. The other species found in the embayments of the Massachusetts coast is Ruppia maritima, commonly called “widgeon grass,” which is present in areas of less salinity along Cape Cod and Buzzards Bay. Widgeon grass, found in the upper reaches of embayments, has a thread-like morphology that makes it difficult to identify using remotely sensed data. It can only be identified and located by on-site survey.

The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) began a program to map the state's SAV resources in the early 1990s and since 1995 the MassDEP Eelgrass Mapping Project has produced multiple surveys of SAV along the Massachusetts coastline, as listed here:

PhaseProject YearsProject Area11995Entire MA Coast22001Coast-wide MA Coast except Elizabeth Islands (Gosnold) and Mount Hope Bay32006/07Selected embayments, coast-wide including Elizabeth Islands42010-20132010 - South Shore of Cape Cod: Woods Hole to Chatham, selected embayments, Pleasant Bay;2012 - North Shore, Boston Harbor, South Shore to Provincetown;2013 - Buzzards Bay, Elizabeth Islands, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket52015-20172015 - South Shore of Cape Cod, Pleasant Bay, Nantucket;2016 - North Shore, Boston Harbor, South Shore to Canal;2017 - Buzzards Bay, North Shore of Cape Cod, Elizabeth Islands and Martha's Vineyard62019-20232019 - South Shore of Cape Cod, Pleasant Bay, North Shore of Nantucket2020 - Martha’s Vineyard, Buzzards Bay and Elizabeth Islands 2021 - Cape Cod Bay (Provincetown through Duxbury) 2022 - South Shore, Boston Harbor, North Shore (Marshfield through Rockport)2023 - Cape Ann to the New Hampshire border (Essex through Newburyport)

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April 2009

A 300 x 600 m integrated terrain unit map (ITUM) was produced at 1:500 scale inside the 350 x 650 m Martinelli grid, and the 1:500 digital elevation model (DEM). Vegetation was mapped using Komarkova's (1979) classification system (Braun-Blanquet) units. All map units were mapped to 1/8-inch minimum map-polygon-size resolution. The map is part of the Martinelli grid geographic information system (GIS). Many GIS projects use an approach in which existing mapped information is digitized into the GIS database directly from the original sources. The maps may have different map scale, map-unit resolutions, dates of data collection, and classification systems. When these different sources are combined in a GIS, artifacts may arise due to boundary mismatches and scale incompatibility (Dangermond and Harnden 1990). Integrated geobotanical mapping can minimize many of these problems. This method simultaneously maps vegetation and other terrain features that are interpreted on a common air-photo base (Everett et al. 1978, Walker et al. 1980). We use the term geobotany in its traditional European sense to refer to the study of plant communities and their relationships to geology, landforms, and soils (Braun-Blanquet 1932). Terrain geomorphic boundaries are used to guide the delineation on aerial photographs of most major vegetation boundaries similiar to the landscape-guided vegetation mapping approach developed in Europe (Zonneveld 1988) and the integrated terrain unit mapping approach developed by the Environmental System Research Institute in Redlands, CA (Dangermond and Harnden 1990). Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993). [1]Braun-Blanquet, J. 1932. Plant sociology: The study of plant communities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 439 pp. [2]Everett, K.R., P.J. Webber, D.A. Walker, R.J. Parkinson, and J. Brown. 1978. A geoecological mapping scheme for Alaskan coastal tundra. Third International Conference on Permafrost, 10-13 July 1978, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [3]Komarkova, V. 1979. Alpine vegetation of the Indian Peaks area, Front Range, Colorado Rocky Mountains. Vaduz (Germany): J. Cramer, 591 pp. [4]Walker, D.A., K.R. Everett, P.J. Webber, and J. Brown. 1980. Geobotanical atlas of the Prudhoe Bay region, Alaska. United States Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Report #80, Hanover, NH, 69 pp. [5]Zonneveld, I.S. 1988. The ITC method of mapping natural and semi- natural vegetation. Pp. 401-426 in Kuchler, A.W., and I.S. Zonneveld (eds.). Vegetation mapping. Boston: Kluwer Academic. [6]Dangermond, J., and E. Harnden. 1990. Map data standardization: A methodology for integrating thematic cartographic data before automation. ARC News 12(2): 16-19. [7]Walker, D.A., J.C. Halfpenny, M.D. Walker, and C.A. Wessman. 1993. Long-term studies of snow-vegetation interactions. Bioscience 43(5): 287-301. [8]Walker, D.A., B.E. Lewis, W.B. Krantz, E.T. Price, and R.D. Tabler. 1994. Hierarchic studies of snow-ecosystem interactions: A 100-year snow-alteration experiment. Pp. 407-414 In: Ferrik, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the Fiftieth Annual Eastern and Western Snow Conference, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, 8-10 June 1993. 441 pp.

This is a georeferenced raster image of a printed paper map of the Boston Bar, British Columbia region (Sheet No. 092H14), published in 1957. It is the first edition in a series of maps, which show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, secondary and side roads, railways, trails, wooded areas, waterways including lakes, rivers, streams and rapids, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations. This map was published in 1957 and the information on the map is current as of 1951. Maps were produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and it's preceding agencies, in partnership with other government agencies. Please note: image / survey capture dates can span several years, and some details may have been updated later than others. Please consult individual map sheets for detailed production information, which can be found in the bottom left hand corner. Original maps were digitally scanned by McGill Libraries in partnership with Canadiana.org, and georeferencing for the maps was provided by the University of Toronto Libraries and Eastview Corporation.

A 350 x 500 m integrated terrain unit map (ITUM) was produced at 1:500 scale inside the 350 x 500 m saddle grid, and the 1:500 digital elevation model (DEM). Vegetation was mapped using Komarkova's (1979) classification system (Braun-Blanquet) units. All map units were mapped to 1/8-inch minimum map-polygon-size resolution. The map is part of the Saddle grid geographic information system (GIS). Many GIS projects use an approach in which existing mapped information is digitized into the GIS database directly from the original sources. The maps may have different map scale, map-unit resolutions, dates of data collection, and classification systems. When these different sources are combined in a GIS, artifacts may arise due to boundary mismatches and scale incompatibility (Dangermond and Harnden 1990). Integrated geobotanical mapping can minimize many of these problems. This method simultaneously maps vegetation and other terrain features that are interpreted on a common air-photo base (Everett et al. 1978, Walker et al. 1980). We use the term geobotany in its traditional European sense to refer to the study of plant communities and their relationships to geology, landforms, and soils (Braun-Blanquet 1932). Terrain geomorphic boundaries are used to guide the delineation on aerial photographs of most major vegetation boundaries similiar to the landscape-guided vegetation mapping approach developed in Europe (Zonneveld 1988) and the integrated terrain unit mapping approach developed by the Environmental System Research Institute in Redlands, CA (Dangermond and Harnden 1990). Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993). [1]Braun-Blanquet, J. 1932. Plant sociology: The study of plant communities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 439 pp. [2]Everett, K.R., P.J. Webber, D.A. Walker, R.J. Parkinson, and J. Brown. 1978. A geoecological mapping scheme for Alaskan coastal tundra. Third International Conference on Permafrost, 10-13 July 1978, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [3]Komarkova, V. 1979. Alpine vegetation of the Indian Peaks area, Front Range, Colorado Rocky Mountains. Vaduz (Germany): J. Cramer, 591 pp. [4]Walker, D.A., K.R. Everett, P.J. Webber, and J. Brown. 1980. Geobotanical atlas of the Prudhoe Bay region, Alaska. United States Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Report #80, Hanover, NH, 69 pp. [5]Halfpenny, J.C., K.P. Ingraham, J.A. Adams. 1983. Working Atlas for the Saddle, Niwot Ridge, Front Range, Colorado. Long-Term Ecolological Research Data Report, April 1983, 24 pp. [6]Zonneveld, I.S. 1988. The ITC method of mapping natural and semi- natural vegetation. Pp. 401-426 in Kuchler, A.W., and I.S. Zonneveld (eds.). Vegetation mapping. Boston: Kluwer Academic. [7]Dangermond, J., and E. Harnden. 1990. Map data standardization: A methodology for integrating thematic cartographic data before automation. ARC News 12(2): 16-19. [8]Walker, D.A., J.C. Halfpenny, M.D. Walker, and C.A. Wessman. 1993. Long-term studies of snow-vegetation interactions. Bioscience 43(5): 287-301. [9]Walker, D.A., B.E. Lewis, W.B. Krantz, E.T. Price, and R.D. Tabler. 1994. Hierarchic studies of snow-ecosystem interactions: A 100-year snow-alteration experiment. Pp. 407-414 In: Ferrik, M. (ed.). Proceedings of the Fiftieth Annual Eastern and Western Snow Conference, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, 8-10 June 1993. 441 pp. NOTE: This EML metadata file does not contain important geospatial data processing information. Before using any NWT LTER geospatial data read the arcgis metadata XML file in either ISO or FGDC compliant format, using ArcGIS software (ArcCatalog > description), or by viewing the .xml file provided with the geospatial dataset.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Sanctuary Program, has conducted seabed mapping and related research in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region since 1993. The area is approximately 3,700 square kilometers (km2) and is subdivided into 18 quadrangles. Seven maps, at a scale of 1:25,000, of quadrangle 6 (211 km2) depict seabed topography, backscatter, ruggedness, geology, substrate mobility, mud content, and areas dominated by fine-grained or coarse-grained sand. Interpretations of bathymetric and seabed backscatter imagery, photographs, video, and grain-size analyses were used to create the geology-based maps. In all, data from 420 stations were analyzed, including sediment samples from 325 locations. The seabed geology map shows the distribution of 10 substrate types ranging from boulder ridges to immobile, muddy sand to mobile, rippled sand. Substrate types are defined on the basis of sediment grain-size composition, surficial morphology, sediment layering, and the mobility or immobility of substrate surfaces. This map series is intended to portray the major geological elements (substrates, features, processes) of environments within quadrangle 6. Additionally, these maps will be the basis for the study of the ecological requirements of invertebrate and vertebrate species that utilize these substrates and guide seabed management in the region.

This is a georeferenced raster image of a printed paper map of the Boston Bar, British Columbia region (Sheet No. 092H14), published in 1968. It is the first edition in a series of maps, which show both natural and man-made features such as relief, spot heights, administrative boundaries, secondary and side roads, railways, trails, wooded areas, waterways including lakes, rivers, streams and rapids, bridges, buildings, mills, power lines, terrain, and land formations. This map was published in 1968 and the information on the map is current as of 1960. Maps were produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and it's preceding agencies, in partnership with other government agencies. Please note: image / survey capture dates can span several years, and some details may have been updated later than others. Please consult individual map sheets for detailed production information, which can be found in the bottom left hand corner. Original maps were digitally scanned by McGill Libraries in partnership with Canadiana.org, and georeferencing for the maps was provided by the University of Toronto Libraries and Eastview Corporation.

Seagrass beds are critical wetlands components of shallow marine ecosystems along the Massachusetts coastline. Seagrass beds provide food and cover for a great variety of commercially and recreationally important fauna and their prey. The leaf canopy of the seagrass bed calms the water, filters suspended matter and together with extensive roots and rhizomes, stabilizes sediment. Seagrasses are often referred to as "Submerged Aquatic Vegetation" or SAV. This distinguishes them from algae, which are not classified as plants by biologists (rather they are often placed in the kingdom protista), and distinguishes them from the "emergent" saltwater plants found in salt marshes.

In Massachusetts, the dominant SAV is Zostera marina or eelgrass. The other species found in the embayments of the Massachusetts coast is Ruppia maritima, commonly called “widgeon grass,” which is present in areas of less salinity along Cape Cod and Buzzards Bay. Widgeon grass, found in the upper reaches of embayments, has a thread-like morphology that makes it difficult to identify using remotely sensed data. It can only be identified and located by on-site survey.

The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) began a program to map the state's SAV resources in the early 1990s and since 1995 the MassDEP Eelgrass Mapping Project has produced multiple surveys of SAV along the Massachusetts coastline, as listed here:

PhaseProject YearsProject Area11995Entire MA Coast22001Coast-wide MA Coast except Elizabeth Islands (Gosnold) and Mount Hope Bay32006/07Selected embayments, coast-wide including Elizabeth Islands42010-20132010 - South Shore of Cape Cod: Woods Hole to Chatham, selected embayments, Pleasant Bay;2012 - North Shore, Boston Harbor, South Shore to Provincetown;2013 - Buzzards Bay, Elizabeth Islands, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket52015-20172015 - South Shore of Cape Cod, Pleasant Bay, Nantucket;2016 - North Shore, Boston Harbor, South Shore to Canal;2017 - Buzzards Bay, North Shore of Cape Cod, Elizabeth Islands and Martha's Vineyard62019-20232019 - South Shore of Cape Cod, Pleasant Bay, North Shore of Nantucket2020 - Martha’s Vineyard, Buzzards Bay and Elizabeth Islands 2021 - Cape Cod Bay (Provincetown through Duxbury) 2022 - South Shore, Boston Harbor, North Shore (Marshfield through Rockport)2023 - Cape Ann to the New Hampshire border (Essex through Newburyport)

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View records about wells in Massachusetts, including location, well depth, and condition. Data spans 1962 to present day.

A Significant Vernal Pool (SVP) is defined as a Significant Wildlife Habitat under Maine’s Natural Resources Protection Act (NRPA). This act designates the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW) as the authority responsible for mapping and rating these habitats. This GIS dataset includes the center points of all vernal pools submitted for status review: significant and non-significant vernal pools (regulatory and non-regulatory respectively). These vernal pools were mapped and surveyed in the field by wetland consultants, Maine Department of Environmental Protection staff and Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife biologists.

Please refer to the Maine Department of Environmental Protection's website for more information on Significant Wildlife Habitat: Significant Vernal Pool Habitat

These data were collected under a cooperative agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Science Center (WHSC). Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of sea-floor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine resources, and assessing environmental changes due to natural or human impacts. The project is focused on the inshore waters (5-30 m deep) of Massachusetts between the New Hampshire border and Cape Cod Bay. Data collected for the mapping cooperative have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/html/current_map.html). This spatial dataset is from the study area located between Duxbury and Hull Massachusetts, and consists of high-resolution geophysics (bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and seismic reflection) and ground validation (sediment samples, video tracklines and bottom photographs). The data were collected during four separate surveys conducted between 2003 and 2007 (NOAA survey H10993 in 2003, USGS-WHSC survey 06012 in 2006, and USGS-WHSC surveys 07001 and 07003 in 2007) and cover more than 200 square kilometers of the inner continental shelf.

This data set contains the 1996-era and 2005-era classifications for Alabama, a subset of zone 46, and can be used to analyze change. This imagery was collected as part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program in a multi-agency effort to provide baseline multi-scale environmental characteristics and to monitor environmental change. This data set utilized 72 full or partial Landsat 5 and 7 scenes which were analyzed according to the Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) protocol to determine land cover.