This data set represents the extent, approximate location and type of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the United States and its Territories. These data delineate the areal extent of wetlands and surface waters as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979). The National Wetlands Inventory - Version 2, Surface Waters and Wetlands Inventory was derived by retaining the wetland and deepwater polygons that compose the NWI digital wetlands spatial data layer and reintroducing any linear wetland or surface water features that were orphaned from the original NWI hard copy maps by converting them to narrow polygonal features. Additionally, the data are supplemented with hydrography data, buffered to become polygonal features, as a secondary source for any single-line stream features not mapped by the NWI and to complete segmented connections. Wetland mapping conducted in WA, OR, CA, NV and ID after 2012 and most other projects mapped after 2015 were mapped to include all surface water features and are not derived data. The linear hydrography dataset used to derive Version 2 was the U.S. Geological Survey's National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Specific information on the NHD version used to derive Version 2 and where Version 2 was mapped can be found in the 'comments' field of the Wetlands_Project_Metadata feature class. Certain wetland habitats are excluded from the National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and near shore coastal waters. Some deepwater reef communities (coral or tuberficid worm reefs) have also been excluded from the inventory. These habitats, because of their depth, go undetected by aerial imagery. By policy, the Service also excludes certain types of "farmed wetlands" as may be defined by the Food Security Act or that do not coincide with the Cowardin et al. definition. Contact the Service's Regional Wetland Coordinator for additional information on what types of farmed wetlands are included on wetland maps. This dataset should be used in conjunction with the Wetlands_Project_Metadata layer, which contains project specific wetlands mapping procedures and information on dates, scales and emulsion of imagery used to map the wetlands within specific project boundaries. Please reference the metadata for contact information.

Wetland habitats provide critical ecosystem services to the surrounding landscape, including nutrient and pollutant retention, flood mitigation, and carbon storage. This EnviroAtlas dataset uses data about existing wetlands to predict areas across the conterminous United States with landscape characteristics that are likely to support wetland habitats, or potential wetland area (PWA). These data along with data on existing wetland locations can be useful for identifying sites for restoration or construction of wetlands. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Oklahoma Wetlands ViewerThe Oklahoma Conservation Commission (OCC) and OWRB cooperated with the Office of the Secretary of the Environment in development of the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) mapping project. Much of the funding for the project was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the FY03 104(b)(3) Wetlands Program. More information can be found here. A map tour of Oklahoma Wetlands resulting from this project is here.The data in this map is available for download at http://www.owrb.ok.gov/data.

This EnviroAtlas dataset shows potentially restorable wetlands at 30 meter resolution. Beginning two centuries ago, many wetlands were turned into farm fields or urban areas, yet wetlands play an important role in removing water pollution, regulating water storage and flows, and providing habitat for wildlife. Potentially restorable wetlands for this map are lands currently in agriculture that naturally accumulate water and historically had poor drainage and hydric soils. By restoring some of these wetlands, it is hoped that the benefits of wetlands would also be restored. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to the EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas/) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The EnviroAtlas Potential Wetland Areas (PWA) dataset shows potential wetland areas at 30-meter resolution. Beginning two centuries ago, many wetlands were turned into farm fields or urban areas, yet wetlands play an important role in removing water pollution, regulating water storage and flows, and providing habitat for wildlife. Wetland restoration could help restore these benefits. Potential wetland areas, as developed for this map, are lands that naturally accumulate water due to topography and have historically had poorly or very poorly draining soils. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to the EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

NWI Wetlands in West Virginia (HU8 02070001) to be displayed in a story map for the Advanced Water Mapping Analytics (AWMA) working group.The AWMA story map is a product of an interagency workgroup partnering to align the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of the Army’s (Army) water resource interests with the U.S. Department of Interior’s (DOI) authoritative and ever-improving inland water mapping datasets and extensive expertise in hydrologic modeling. The federal partners propose the Advanced Water Mapping and Analytics Initiative to accelerate improvements to the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and National Wetlands Inventory (NWI).This initiative will use state of the science approaches, enhanced water data discovery, and innovations in hydrologic modeling techniques in partnership with the National Hydrography Infrastructure (NHI). The group will leverage these improvements to develop an interactive online mapping system, initially focused on supporting Clean Water Act implementation, that enables users to access, visualize, and consume improved water data. This initiative is integral to other interagency efforts led by OMB, the Water Subcabinet, and the Internet of Water to achieve better water resource management through close collaboration and engagement.

The EnviroAtlas Potential Wetland Areas (PWA) dataset shows potential wetland areas at 30-meter resolution. Beginning two centuries ago, many wetlands were turned into farm fields or urban areas, yet wetlands play an important role in removing water pollution, regulating water storage and flows, and providing habitat for wildlife. Wetland restoration could help restore these benefits. Potential wetland areas, as developed for this map, are lands that naturally accumulate water due to topography and have historically had poorly or very poorly draining soils. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to the EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The EnviroAtlas Potentially Restorable Wetlands on Agricultural Land (PRW-Ag) dataset shows potentially restorable wetlands at 30-meter resolution. Beginning two centuries ago, many wetlands were turned into farm fields or urban areas, yet wetlands play an important role in removing water pollution, regulating water storage and flows, and providing habitat for wildlife. Wetland restoration could help restore these benefits. Potentially restorable wetlands, as developed for this map, are lands currently in agriculture that naturally accumulate water due to topography and have historically had poorly or very poorly draining soils. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to the EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

This EnviroAtlas dataset shows the percent of each 12-digit Hydrologic Unit (HUC) subwatershed in the contiguous U.S. with potentially restorable wetlands. Beginning two centuries ago, many wetlands were turned into farm fields or urban areas, yet wetlands play an important role in removing water pollution, regulating water storage and flows, and providing habitat for wildlife. Potentially restorable wetlands for this map are lands currently in agriculture that naturally accumulate water and historically had poor drainage and hydric soils. By restoring some of these wetlands, it is hoped that the benefits of wetlands would also be restored. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to the EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

description: Wetlands within EPA Region 9; abstract: Wetlands within EPA Region 9

Developing a statewide wetland database has been an ongoing collaborative effort among multiple state and federal agencies. A mapping tool, called the Topographic Wetland Identification Process (TWIP), was developed by the Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (KARS) Program in collaboration with the Kansas Water Office (KWO) through an EPA Wetland Development Grant. The objective of the initial KWO project and tool development was “To develop a standardized methodology for wetland assessment and prioritization that can be used for wetland protection and restoration efforts by all agencies, watershed planning, and stakeholder groups in the state of Kansas.” (Houts et al. 2011). Using TWIP allows the mapping protocols to be consistent, and additional mapped areas can easily be incorporated into the existing wetland database with a longer-term goal of developing a statewide database.The TWIP tool is an ArcGIS toolbox containing models and python scripts that uses LiDAR-derived elevation data as the primary data source. A digital elevation model (DEM) produced from the LIDAR data is used to map all depressions or sinks in the landscape and to derive terrain analysis data layers (i.e., slope, flow direction and flow accumulation). Next, the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) (Sørensen & Seibert 2007, Sørensen et al. 2005) is calculated using slope and flow accumulation values. The TWI identifies areas with relatively high flow accumulation and low slope, identifying sinks with an increased likelihood of being actual wetlands. A map of potential wetland areas is then derived by extracting depressions or sinks with high TWI values. These features are coded as “possibly” in the Probability attribute in the geodatabase.Because wetlands lying in floodplains tend to be too shallow to map using the TWI approach, the Kansas Water Office wetland mapping protocol has found the Floodplain model (FLDPLN; Kastens 2008) developed at KARS to be effective at identifying Potential Wetland Areas (PWA) in floodplains. By simulating flood swelling and overland flow processes, a continuous map of Depth-To-Flood (DTF) values can be produced for any drainage channel system. A floodplain pixel’s DTF value is the minimum local stream flood depth (using DEM stream surface elevation values as a datum) required to deliver floodwaters to that pixel through backfill and spillover flooding processes. DTF values from the FLDPLN model are calculated for stream reaches flowing into reservoirs and large lakes where “mudflat wetlands” are often present due to the fluctuating reservoir water levels in connection with the water table. PWA occurring within floodplains are attributed as such in the database.

In New Jersey, the Legislature decided to incorporate the EPA Priority Wetland List into the Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act and Rules to ensure that the State program complied and is consistent with the federal program. As a result, the New Jersey Freshwater Wetlands Act prohibited the use of certain general permits within areas on this list. Wetlands are identified as EPA priority based on the following factors: 1. Unique habitat for fauna of flora; 2. Unusual or regionally rare wetland types; 3. Ecologically important and under threat of development; 4. Important to surface water systems; 5. critical to protect water supplies; and 6. Valuable for and provide flood "storage capacity. All priority areas are listed by specific geographic area. Specific geographic areas include particular wetland areas with a defined geographic boundary (e.g., Great Piece Meadows) or a particular wetland system with defined boundaries (e.g., wetlands of the Passaic River Basin). Note on dates: Original 1989; Updated 03/1994; Digitized 01/01/2014 to 06/01/2014

In any given 1-square meter point in this EnviroAtlas dataset, the value shown gives the percentage of square meters of greenspace within 1/4 square kilometer centered over the given point. EnviroAtlas defines green space for this city as the combination of trees and forest, grass and herbaceous, agriculture, and both woody and emergent wetlands. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (http://enviroatlas.epa.gov/EnviroAtlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (http://enviroatlas.epa.gov/EnviroAtlas/DataFactSheets).

NWI Wetlands in West Virginia (HU8 02070001) to be displayed in a story map for the Advanced Water Mapping Analytics (AWMA) working group.The AWMA story map is a product of an interagency workgroup partnering to align the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of the Army’s (Army) water resource interests with the U.S. Department of Interior’s (DOI) authoritative and ever-improving inland water mapping datasets and extensive expertise in hydrologic modeling. The federal partners propose the Advanced Water Mapping and Analytics Initiative to accelerate improvements to the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and National Wetlands Inventory (NWI).This initiative will use state of the science approaches, enhanced water data discovery, and innovations in hydrologic modeling techniques in partnership with the National Hydrography Infrastructure (NHI). The group will leverage these improvements to develop an interactive online mapping system, initially focused on supporting Clean Water Act implementation, that enables users to access, visualize, and consume improved water data. This initiative is integral to other interagency efforts led by OMB, the Water Subcabinet, and the Internet of Water to achieve better water resource management through close collaboration and engagement.

ESCO Associates Inc. was subcontracted by Gannett Fleming, Inc., a contractor to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to conduct a survey of wetlands within the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge (RMA). The product of this project is a wetland vegetation map. RMA is a CERCLA site in Commerce City in southwestern Adams County, Colorado, encompassing approximately 26 square miles. Surface waters entering the site are chiefly in First Creek and the Highline Lateral in the site's southeast corner. Some surface water also enters the site's southern boundary (56th Street) via several smaller ditches. Ground water daylights at seeps at various locations on the site. The site includes large areas formerly cropped for small grains and a few areas of remnant natural prairie grassland. Natural drainages have largely been straightened ('channelized ') in historic time and the extent of well-wetted floodplain has been substantially reduced. Reservoirs for the original purpose of irrigation water storage in the southern part of the area have developed extensive wetted zones in their peripheries. Supply and distribution ditches associated with this irrigation system are scattered through the southern part of the AMA site. This project involved mapping wetland plant communities in the field from 25 August through 20 October 1998, on digital orthophotos provided by the Remediation Venture Office Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Department. Photo points of sampling location are included in this report.

The Washington DC EnviroAtlas Meter-scale Urban Land Cover (MULC) dataset comprises an area of 5423.43 km2 encompassing the entire area of Washington DC, and portions of the state of Maryland and state of Virginia. These MULC data and maps were derived from 1-m pixel, four-band (red, green, blue, and infrared light) leaf-on aerial photography acquired from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) as well as ancillary data (e.g., Lidar, National Wetlands Inventory [NWI], cropland, land parcels, power lines, building footprints). Eight land cover classes were mapped: Water, Impervious Surfaces, Soil/Barren, Trees/Forest, Grass/Herbaceous, Agriculture, Woody Wetlands and Emergent Wetlands. Wetlands were delineated using the state wide wetlands data from National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) layer updated on October 15, 2018 (https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/State-Downloads.html ). An analysis of 600 completely random and 111 stratified random photo-interpreted land cover reference points yielded a simple overall user's accuracy (MAX) of 85.4% and an overall fuzzy user's accuracy (RIGHT) of 91.5% within the census block group boundary (see confusion matrices below). These data were developed as part of the Chesapeake Bay High-Resolution Land Cover Project, a cooperative agreement between the Chesapeake Conservancy and the National Park Service, funded through an interagency agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Chesapeake Conservancy, under the direction of Margaret Markham, created the initial statewide 1-meter land cover data. EPA added agriculture and wetlands taken from ancillary data sources. See detailed processing steps and workflow below. This dataset was produced by the Chesapeake Conservancy, the National Park Service, and the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

NWI Wetlands in West Virginia (HU8 02070001) to be displayed in a story map for the Advanced Water Mapping Analytics (AWMA) working group.The AWMA story map is a product of an interagency workgroup partnering to align the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of the Army’s (Army) water resource interests with the U.S. Department of Interior’s (DOI) authoritative and ever-improving inland water mapping datasets and extensive expertise in hydrologic modeling. The federal partners propose the Advanced Water Mapping and Analytics Initiative to accelerate improvements to the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and National Wetlands Inventory (NWI).This initiative will use state of the science approaches, enhanced water data discovery, and innovations in hydrologic modeling techniques in partnership with the National Hydrography Infrastructure (NHI). The group will leverage these improvements to develop an interactive online mapping system, initially focused on supporting Clean Water Act implementation, that enables users to access, visualize, and consume improved water data. This initiative is integral to other interagency efforts led by OMB, the Water Subcabinet, and the Internet of Water to achieve better water resource management through close collaboration and engagement.

Compilation of data used to generate figures and tables in the manuscript. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Hernandez, C., L. Sharpe, C. Jackson, M. Harwell, and T. DeWitt. Connecting Stakeholder Priorities and Desired Environmental Attributes for Wetland Restoration Using Ecosystem Services and a Heat Map Analysis for Communications. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. Frontiers, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND, 12: 1290090, (2024).

Wetland Priority Sites for the Willamette Valley Basin, Version 20090812 (Aug 12, 2009) Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center and The Wetlands Conservancy (TWC) have created a GIS layer for the Willamette Valley that identifies areas with concentrations of important wetland habitats and opportunities for successful wetland restoration. The map is intended to assist conservationists, private landowners, and policymakers in choosing where to site projects for wetland conservation, restoration, mitigation, and enhancement. It will help focus wetland work in the most important places, support no net less of wetland values or acres, and build on past or ongoing project locations. The data is a component of the Oregon Wetlands Explorer website, a collaborative project funded by EPA.Rev 20090812. Synchronization with near-finalized Willamette Valley Synthesis coverage by The Nature Conservancy (TNC). Modified Site Names, attempting to be consistent with TNC's Willamette Valley Synthesis naming. Rev 20090715. Incorporated feedback from provisional version sent out for review in March 2009. The map is based on The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Willamette Synthesis project, with subsequent adjustments and additions made by OSU and The Wetlands Conservancy. The Willamette Synthesis represents a two-year effort that integrates (1) TNC's portfolio sites identified by ecoregional planning (2), ODFW's Conservation Opportunity Areas from their Oregon Conservation Strategy, (3) NRCS hydric soils mapping, (4) FEMA floodplain mapping, (5) Army Corps of Engineers historical floodway maps, and (6) Oregon's Greatest Wetlands as identified by The Wetlands Conservancy and OSU, discussed further below; and a number of other sources detailed in http://oregonstate.edu/ornhic/transfer/wv_synthesis_draft_methods.zip. The Wetlands Conservancy (TWC) and Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center (ORNHIC) developed an "Oregon's Greatest Wetlands" layer, identifying areas in the state having wetlands of significant conservation interest. The "Oregon's Greatest Wetlands" areas were included in the initial Synthesis Site layer. In 2008, TWC and ORNHIC analyzed historic (pre-settlement) vegetation reconstructions, hydric soil densities, and current wetland densities (using National Wetland Inventory and Local Wetland Inventory data where available) that were within the Willamette Valley Ecoregion synthesis sites identified by The Nature Conservancy. The sites were further filtered with information obtained from various Agency and NGO conservation plans. We then reduced in size, or eliminated, WVER synthesis sites based on this analysis. Brief reasoning for the site selection is provided in the Motiv attribute. To improve the focus on wetlands, OSU and TWC then removed the larger upland portions (e.g., oak savanna and woodland, upland prairie) from the Synthesis map, and included additional wetland information based on conservation data, restoration opportunities, and cluster analysis of USFWS National Wetlands Inventory mapping. The lower portion of the Sandy River watershed is located in the Level III Willamette Valley Ecoregion. As such, it was included in the TNC Willamette Synthesis project, even though it is not strictly part of the Willamette Basin. We thus include wetland priority sites for the Sandy River watershed in this dataset.

description: This EnviroAtlas dataset describes the percentage of each block group that is classified as impervious, forest, green space, and wetlands. In this community, forest is defined as Trees & Forest and Woody Wetlands and green space is defined as Trees & Forest, Grass & Herbaceous, Woody Wetlands, and Emergent Wetlands. Wetlands are defined as Woody Wetlands and Emergent Wetlands. This dataset also includes the area per capita for each block group for some land cover types. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas ) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).; abstract: This EnviroAtlas dataset describes the percentage of each block group that is classified as impervious, forest, green space, and wetlands. In this community, forest is defined as Trees & Forest and Woody Wetlands and green space is defined as Trees & Forest, Grass & Herbaceous, Woody Wetlands, and Emergent Wetlands. Wetlands are defined as Woody Wetlands and Emergent Wetlands. This dataset also includes the area per capita for each block group for some land cover types. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas ) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).