THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on April 29,2025. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded from invasive and scalp electrodes. The EEG database contains invasive EEG recordings of 21 patients suffering from medically intractable focal epilepsy. The data were recorded during an invasive pre-surgical epilepsy monitoring at the Epilepsy Center of the University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany. In eleven patients, the epileptic focus was located in neocortical brain structures, in eight patients in the hippocampus, and in two patients in both. In order to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio, fewer artifacts, and to record directly from focal areas, intracranial grid-, strip-, and depth-electrodes were utilized. The EEG data were acquired using a Neurofile NT digital video EEG system with 128 channels, 256 Hz sampling rate, and a 16 bit analogue-to-digital converter. Notch or band pass filters have not been applied. For each of the patients, there are datasets called ictal and interictal, the former containing files with epileptic seizures and at least 50 min pre-ictal data. the latter containing approximately 24 hours of EEG-recordings without seizure activity. At least 24 h of continuous interictal recordings are available for 13 patients. For the remaining patients interictal invasive EEG data consisting of less than 24 h were joined together, to end up with at least 24 h per patient. An interdisciplinary project between: * Epilepsy Center, University Hospital Freiburg * Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN), Freiburg * Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling (FDM).

This database, collected at the Children’s Hospital Boston, consists of EEG recordings from pediatric subjects with intractable seizures. Subjects were monitored for up to several days following withdrawal of anti-seizure medication in order to characterize their seizures and assess their candidacy for surgical intervention. The recordings are grouped into 23 cases and were collected from 22 subjects (5 males, ages 3–22; and 17 females, ages 1.5–19).

A comprehensive database for human surface and intracranial EEG data that is suitable for a broad range of applications e.g. of time series analyses of brain activity. Currently, the EU database contains annotated EEG datasets from more than 200 patients with epilepsy, 50 of them with intracranial recordings with up to 122 channels. Each dataset provides EEG data for a continuous recording time of at least 96 hours (4 days) at a sample rate of up to 2500 Hz. Clinical patient information and MR imaging data supplement the EEG data. The total duration of EEG recordings included execeeds 30000 hours. The database is composed of different modalities: Binary files with EEG recording / MR imaging data and Relational database for supplementary meta data.

Epilepsy related database search.

Artificial intelligence (AI) based automated epilepsy diagnosis has aimed to ease the burden of manual detection, prediction, and management of seizure and epilepsy-specific EEG signals for medical specialists. With increasing open-source, raw and large EEG databases, there is a need for data standardization of patient and seizure sensitive AI analysis with reduced redundant information. This work releases a balanced, annotated, fixed time and length meta-data of Siena Scalp EEG database v1.0.0.

The work releases patient inter-specific and patient non-specific EEG data extracted using specific time stamps of ictal, pre-ictal, post-ictal and peri-ictal EEG provided in the original database (annotations). Further details of this metadata can be found in the provided csv file (Siena DB timestamp.csv). The released EEG data is available in csv format and class labels are provided in the last row of the csv files. PN00-3 has not been included in this database.

Latest update: The dataset has been moved to: Data of Meta-EEGs

Please only download and cite the latest version!

Epilepsy Detection Dataset for Federated Deep Learning Overview This dataset contains comprehensive EEG-derived features collected for the purpose of developing federated deep learning models aimed at epilepsy detection. The dataset comprises 289,010 records, each representing an EEG recording segment annotated with various time-domain, frequency-domain, wavelet transform, nonlinear, seizure-specific, and demographic features.

The primary objective of this dataset is to facilitate research in real-time epilepsy detection while ensuring data privacy through federated learning techniques. The dataset includes both multi-class labels (Normal, Pre-Seizure, Seizure, Post-Seizure) and seizure type classifications (Normal, Generalized Seizure, Focal Seizure).

Data Collection Details The data was collected in real-time from multiple clinical EEG recording systems across diverse hospitals. Signals were recorded at standard sampling rates with consistent preprocessing protocols to ensure data uniformity and high-quality feature extraction. Subjects include patients aged between 1 and 90 years, ensuring a broad demographic representation.

Features Description The dataset includes 75 features categorized into six main groups:

1. Time-Domain Features (15 Features) These features capture statistical properties of the EEG signal in the time domain, providing valuable insights into the signal’s amplitude variations and temporal patterns.

Mean_EEG_Amplitude: Average amplitude across EEG segments. EEG_Std_Dev: Standard deviation of the EEG signal, reflecting variability. EEG_Skewness: Measures asymmetry of the EEG signal distribution. EEG_Kurtosis: Degree of peakedness or flatness in the EEG signal. Zero_Crossing_Rate: Frequency of signal sign changes. Root_Mean_Square: Signal energy magnitude indicator. Peak_to_Peak_Amplitude: Difference between maximum and minimum amplitude. Signal_Energy: Energy content of EEG segments. Variance_of_EEG_Signals: Variability of signal amplitude. Interquartile_Range: Range between the 25th and 75th percentile amplitudes. Auto_Correlation_of_EEG_Signals: Similarity between signal values at different lags. Cross_Correlation_Between_Channels: Measures inter-channel dependencies. Hjorth_Mobility: Frequency-dependent signal descriptor. Hjorth_Complexity: Complexity of EEG waveform changes. Line_Length_Feature: Cumulative length of the EEG waveform trajectory. 2. Frequency-Domain Features (10 Features) Frequency features highlight spectral content and distribution, essential for capturing seizure-related oscillations.

Delta_Band_Power: Power within the delta frequency range. Theta_Band_Power: Theta band power variations. Alpha_Band_Power: EEG activity in the alpha band. Beta_Band_Power: Beta frequency energy (notable for cognitive activity). Gamma_Band_Power: High-frequency brain activity measures. Low_to_High_Frequency_Power_Ratio: Indicator of frequency band shifts during seizures. Power_Spectral_Density: Power distribution across frequencies. Spectral_Edge_Frequency: Frequency below which a certain percentage of power is contained. Spectral_Entropy: Signal complexity in the frequency domain. Fourier_Transform_Features: Global frequency representation through Fourier analysis. 3. Wavelet Transform Features (5 Features) Wavelet-based features capture transient events and non-stationary patterns in the EEG signal.

Wavelet_Entropy: Information content using wavelet decomposition. Wavelet_Energy: Energy derived from wavelet coefficients. Discrete_Wavelet_Transform: Detailed frequency analysis at different scales. Continuous_Wavelet_Transform: Continuous frequency-time representation. Wavelet_Based_Shannon_Entropy: Entropy-based wavelet feature. 4. Nonlinear Features (10 Features) Nonlinear measures provide insights into the dynamic and chaotic nature of EEG signals.

Sample_Entropy: Complexity and unpredictability of the signal. Approximate_Entropy: Regularity of signal fluctuations. Shannon_Entropy: Signal randomness indicator. Permutation_Entropy: Complexity through sequence ordering. Lyapunov_Exponent: Sensitivity to initial conditions (chaotic behavior). Hurst_Exponent: Long-term memory effect measurement. Detrended_Fluctuation_Analysis: Scale-dependent correlations. Higuchi_Fractal_Dimension: Signal complexity measure using fractal geometry. Katz_Fractal_Dimension: Alternative fractal dimension metric. Lempel_Ziv_Complexity: Signal compressibility and complexity measure. 5. Seizure-Specific Features (6 Features) Features tailored to capture seizure onset, duration, and recovery patterns.

Seizure_Duration: Duration of seizure episodes (in seconds). Pre_Seizure_Pattern: Indicators preceding seizure onset. Post_Seizure_Recovery: Recovery patterns after seizure termination. Seizure_Frequency_Per_Hour: Number of seizures occurring per hour. Interictal_Spike_Rate: Frequency of spikes between se...

This dataset includes de-identified interictal spike information in 20 focal epilepsy patients who became seizure-free after surgery. This dataset has been used and analyzed to study epilepsy sources and the results are reported in: Sun R, Sohrabpour A, Worrell GA, He B: “Deep Neural Networks Constrained by Neural Mass Models Improve Electrophysiological Source Imaging of Spatiotemporal Brain Dynamics.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119.31 (2022): e2201128119.

Please cite the above paper if you use any data included in this dataset. Codes related to this study are also available from (https://github.com/bfinl/DeepSIF). Clinical information of the patients are described in the Supplementary Table S1 of the paper. This dataset was collected under support from the National Institutes of Health via grants NS096761 and EB021027 to Dr. Bin He and Dr. Greg Worrell. The human data were collected and de-identified as part of NIH funded research at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, overseen by Dr. Greg Worrell, and processed and organized at Dr. Bin He’s lab at Carnegie Mellon University. The data are shared for information only. The EEG recorded in this dataset follows a 10-10 system and contains 76 channels of recording. One channel is the reference channel and given that we use a common reference channel for source imaging this channel is removed from the topographical map data and the corresponding rows of the lead-field matrix for each patient, equals 75. The EEG data were filtered between 1-40 Hz and a common average reference was used to pre-process the data.

The data include three variables: * spike_peak_data: Contains the topographical EEG map at the peak of the spike selected in each individual patient. * patient_id: patient index corresponding to the patient ID in Supplementary Table S1 of the paper. * eloc: electrode information in EEGLAB (https://sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab/index.php) format.

The Epilepsy Genetic Association Database (epiGAD) is an online repository of data relating to genetic association studies in the field of epilepsy. It summarizes the results of both published and unpublished studies, and is intended as a tool for researchers in the field to keep abreast of recent studies, providing a bird''s eye view of this research area. The goal of epiGAD is to collate all association studies in epilepsy in order to help researchers in this area identify all the available gene-disease associations. Finally, by including unpublished studies, it hopes to reduce the problem of publication bias and provide more accurate data for future meta-analyses. It is also hoped that epiGAD will foster collaboration between the different epilepsy genetics groups around the world, and faciliate formation of a network of investigators in epilepsy genetics. There are 4 databases within epiGAD: - the susceptibility genes database - the epilepsy pharmacogenetics database - the meta-analysis database - the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database The susceptibility genes database compiles all studies related to putative epilepsy susceptibility genes (eg. interleukin-1-beta in TLE), while the pharmacogenetics studies in epilepsy (eg. ABCB1 studies) are stored in ''phamacogenetics''. The meta-analysis database compiles all existing published epilepsy genetic meta-analyses, whether for susceptibility genes, or pharmacogenetics. The GWAS database is currently empty, but will be filled once GWAS are published. Sponsors: The epiGAD website is supported by the ILAE Genetics Commission.

This database includes the de-identified interictal spike information in 9 focal epilepsy patients who became seizure-free after surgery. All underwent intra-cranial EEG (iEEG) monitoring prior to surgery and information about seizure onset zone (SOZ) based on iEEG study was available in these patients.

This dataset was collected under support from the National Institutes of Health via grants R01NS096761 and R01EB021027, to Dr. Bin He and Dr. Greg Worrell. The human data were collected and deidentified as part of NIH funded research at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, overseen by Dr. Greg Worrell, and processed and organized at Dr. Bin He’s lab at Carnegie Mellon University.

This dataset has been used and analyzed to study epilepsy networks and the results are reported in: Sohrabpour et al, “Noninvasive Electromagnetic Source Imaging of Spatio-temporally Distributed Epileptogenic Brain Sources,” Nature Communications, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15781-0). Please cite this paper if you use any data included in this dataset. Codes related to this study are also available from https://github.com/bfinl/FAST-IRES.

Compiled the original 2010 database from Physionet.org

This dataset only includes the waveforms from the original dataset that have seizure events. Seizure events are annotated in seizure_events.csv in seconds.

Note: the waveforms are taken in 256Hz, the event onset and offset times are denoted in seconds

The original dataset description:

This database, collected at the Children’s Hospital Boston, consists of EEG recordings from pediatric subjects with intractable seizures. Subjects were monitored for up to several days following withdrawal of anti-seizure medication in order to characterize their seizures and assess their candidacy for surgical intervention. Recordings, grouped into 23 cases, were collected from 22 subjects (5 males, ages 3–22; and 17 females, ages 1.5–19). (Case chb21 was obtained 1.5 years after case chb01, from the same female subject.) The file SUBJECT-INFO contains the gender and age of each subject. (Case chb24 was added to this collection in December 2010, and is not currently included in SUBJECT-INFO.)

Each case (chb01, chb02, etc.) contains between 9 and 42 continuous .edf files from a single subject. Hardware limitations resulted in gaps between consecutively-numbered .edf files, during which the signals were not recorded; in most cases, the gaps are 10 seconds or less, but occasionally there are much longer gaps. In order to protect the privacy of the subjects, all protected health information (PHI) in the original .edf files has been replaced with surrogate information in the files provided here. Dates in the original .edf files have been replaced by surrogate dates, but the time relationships between the individual files belonging to each case have been preserved. In most cases, the .edf files contain exactly one hour of digitized EEG signals, although those belonging to case chb10 are two hours long, and those belonging to cases chb04, chb06, chb07, chb09, and chb23 are four hours long; occasionally, files in which seizures are recorded are shorter.

All signals were sampled at 256 samples per second with 16-bit resolution. Most files contain 23 EEG signals (24 or 26 in a few cases). The International 10-20 system of EEG electrode positions and nomenclature was used for these recordings. In a few records, other signals are also recorded, such as an ECG signal in the last 36 files belonging to case chb04 and a vagal nerve stimulus (VNS) signal in the last 18 files belonging to case chb09. In some cases, up to 5 “dummy” signals (named "-") were interspersed among the EEG signals to obtain an easy-to-read display format; these dummy signals can be ignored.

The file RECORDS contains a list of all 664 .edf files included in this collection, and the file RECORDS-WITH-SEIZURES lists the 129 of those files that contain one or more seizures. In all, these records include 198 seizures (182 in the original set of 23 cases); the beginning ([) and end (]) of each seizure is annotated in the .seizure annotation files that accompany each of the files listed in RECORDS-WITH-SEIZURES. In addition, the files named chbnn-summary.txt contain information about the montage used for each recording, and the elapsed time in seconds from the beginning of each .edf file to the beginning and end of each seizure contained in it.

This database is described in:

Ali Shoeb. Application of Machine Learning to Epileptic Seizure Onset Detection and Treatment. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September 2009.

Please cite this publication when referencing this material, and also include the standard citation for PhysioNet:

Goldberger AL, Amaral LAN, Glass L, Hausdorff JM, Ivanov PCh, Mark RG, Mietus JE, Moody GB, Peng C-K, Stanley HE. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals. Circulation 101(23):e215-e220 [Circulation Electronic Pages; http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/101/23/e215]; 2000 (June 13)."

Dataset for event encoded analog EEG signals for detection of Epileptic seizures

This dataset contains events that are encoded from the analog signals recorded during pre-surgical evaluations of patients at the Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy-Center (SWEC) of the University Department of Neurology at the Inselspital Bern. The analog signals are sourced from the SWEC-ETHZ iEEG Database

This database contains event streams for 10 seizures recorded from 5 patients and generated by the DYnamic Neuromorphic Asynchronous Processor (DYNAP-SE2) to demonstrate a proof-of-concept of encoding seizures with network synchronization. The pipeline consists of two parts (I) an Analog Front End (AFE) and (II) an SNN termed as"Non-Local Non-Global" (NLNG) network.

In the first part of the pipeline, the digitally recorded signals from SWEC-ETHZ iEEG Database are converted to analog signals via an 18-bit Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC) and then amplified and encoded into events by an Asynchronous Delta Modulator (ADM). Then in the second part, the encoded event streams are fed into the SNN that extracts the features of the epileptic seizure by extracting the partial synchronous patterns intrinsic to the seizure dynamics.

Details about the neuromorphic processing pipeline and the encoding process are included in a manuscript under review. The preprint is available in bioRxiv

InstallationThe installation requires Python>=3.x and conda (or py-venv) package. Users can then install the requirements inside a conda environment using

conda env create -f requirements.txt -n sez

Once created the conda environment can be activated with conda activate sez

The main files in the database are described in the hierarchy below.

EventSezDataset/

├─ data/

│ ├─ P x S x

│ │ ├─ Pat x Sz x _CH x .csv

├─ LSVM_Params/

│ ├─ opt_svm_params/

│ ├─ pat_x_features_SYNCH/

├─ fig_gen.py

├─ sync_mat_gen.py

├─ SeizDetection_FR.py

├─ SeizDetection_SYNCH.py

├─ support.py

├─ run.sh

├─ requirements.txt

where x represents the Patient ID and the Seizure ID respectively.

requirements.txt: This file lists the requirements for the execution of the Python code.

fig_gen.py: This file plots the analog signals and the associated AFE and NLNG event streams. The execution of the code happens with `python fig_gen.py 1 1 13', where patient 2, seizure 1, and channel 13 of the recording are plotted.

sync_mat_gen.py: This file describes the function for plotting the synchronization matrices emerging from the ADM and the NLNG spikes with either linear or log colorbar. The execution of the code happens with python sync_mat_gen.py 1 1' orpython sync_mat_gen.py 1 1 log'. This execution generated four figures for pre-seizure, First Half of seizure, Second Half of seizure, and post-seizure time periods, where patient 1 and seizure 1. The third option can either be left blank or input as lin or log, for respective color bar scales. The time is the signal-time as mentioned in the table below.

run.sh: A simple Linux script to run the above code for all patients and seizures.

SeizDetection_FR.py: This file runs the LSVM on the ADM and NLNG spikes, using the firing rate (FR) as a feature. The code is currently set up with plotting with pre-computed features (in the LSVM_Params/opt_svm_params/ folder). Users can use the code for training the LSVM with different parameters as well.

SeizDetection_SYNCH.py: This file runs the LSVM on the kernelized ADM and NLNG spikes, using the flattened SYNC matrices as a feature. The code is currently set up with plotting with pre-computed features (in the LSVM_Params/pat_x_features_SYNCH/ folder). Users can use the code for training the LSVM with different parameters as well.

LSVM_Params: Folder containing LSVM features with different parameter combinations.

support.py: This file contains the necessary functions.

data/P1S1/: This folder, for example, contains the event streams for all channels for seizure 1 of patient 1.

Pat1_Sz_1_CH1.csv: This file contains the spikes of the AFE and the NLNG layers with the following tabular format (which can be extracted by the fig_gen.py)

Comments

SStart: 180 //Start of the Seizure in signal time# SEnd: 276.0 //Start of the Seizure in signal time# Pid: 2 // The patient ID as per the SWEC-ETHZ iEEG Database # Sid: 1 // The Seizure ID as per the SWEC-ETHZ iEEG Database # Channel_No: 1 // The channel number

SYS_time signal_time dac_value ADMspikes NLNGspikes

The time from the interface FPGA The time of the signal as per the SWEC ETHZ Database The value of the analog signals as recorded in the SWEC ETHZ Database The event-steam is the output of the AFE in boolean format. True represents a spike The spike-steam is the output of the SNN in boolean format. True represents a spike

This page provides the data of the manuscript: Martínez, C. G. B., Niediek, J., Mormann, F. & Andrzejak,R. G. Seizure onset zone lateralization using a nonlinear analysis of micro versus macro electroencephalographic recordings during seizure-free stages of the sleep-wake cycle from epilepsy patients. Frontiers in Neurology 11, 1057, 2020. If you use any of this data, please make sure that you cite this reference. For more detailed information, please refer to https://www.upf.edu/web/ntsa/downloads

Dataset

This dataset was created by Maedeh Kalantari

Released under Database: Open Database, Contents: Database Contents

Contents

Fragility Multi-Center Retrospective Study

iEEG and EEG data from 5 centers is organized in our study with a total of 100 subjects. We publish 4 centers' dataset here due to data sharing issues.

Acquisitions include ECoG and SEEG. Each run specifies a different snapshot of EEG data from that specific subject's session. For seizure sessions, this means that each run is a EEG snapshot around a different seizure event.

For additional clinical metadata about each subject, refer to the clinical Excel table in the publication.

Data Availability

NIH, JHH, UMMC, and UMF agreed to share. Cleveland Clinic did not, so requires an additional DUA.

All data, except for Cleveland Clinic was approved by their centers to be de-identified and shared. All data in this dataset have no PHI, or other identifiers associated with patient. In order to access Cleveland Clinic data, please forward all requests to Amber Sours, SOURSA@ccf.org:

Amber Sours, MPH Research Supervisor | Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic | 9500 Euclid Ave. S3-399 | Cleveland, OH 44195 (216) 444-8638

You will need to sign a data use agreement (DUA).

Sourcedata

For each subject, there was a raw EDF file, which was converted into the BrainVision format with mne_bids. Each subject with SEEG implantation, also has an Excel table, called electrode_layout.xlsx, which outlines where the clinicians marked each electrode anatomically. Note that there is no rigorous atlas applied, so the main points of interest are: WM, GM, VENTRICLE, CSF, and OUT, which represent white-matter, gray-matter, ventricle, cerebrospinal fluid and outside the brain. WM, Ventricle, CSF and OUT were removed channels from further analysis. These were labeled in the corresponding BIDS channels.tsv sidecar file as status=bad. The dataset uploaded to openneuro.org does not contain the sourcedata since there was an extra anonymization step that occurred when fully converting to BIDS.

Derivatives

Derivatives include: * fragility analysis * frequency analysis * graph metrics analysis * figures

These can be computed by following the following paper: Neural Fragility as an EEG Marker for the Seizure Onset Zone

Events and Descriptions

Within each EDF file, there contain event markers that are annotated by clinicians, which may inform you of specific clinical events that are occuring in time, or of when they saw seizures onset and offset (clinical and electrographic).

During a seizure event, specifically event markers may follow this time course:

* eeg onset, or clinical onset - the onset of a seizure that is either marked electrographically, or by clinical behavior. Note that the clinical onset may not always be present, since some seizures manifest without clinical behavioral changes.
* Marker/Mark On - these are usually annotations within some cases, where a health practitioner injects a chemical marker for use in ICTAL SPECT imaging after a seizure occurs. This is commonly done to see which portions of the brain are active metabolically.
* Marker/Mark Off - This is when the ICTAL SPECT stops imaging.
* eeg offset, or clinical offset - this is the offset of the seizure, as determined either electrographically, or by clinical symptoms.

Other events included may be beneficial for you to understand the time-course of each seizure. Note that ICTAL SPECT occurs in all Cleveland Clinic data. Note that seizure markers are not consistent in their description naming, so one might encode some specific regular-expression rules to consistently capture seizure onset/offset markers across all dataset. In the case of UMMC data, all onset and offset markers were provided by the clinicians on an Excel sheet instead of via the EDF file. So we went in and added the annotations manually to each EDF file.

Seizure Electrographic and Clinical Onset Annotations

For various datasets, there are seizures present within the dataset. Generally there is only one seizure per EDF file. When seizures are present, they are marked electrographically (and clinically if present) via standard approaches in the epilepsy clinical workflow.

Clinical onset are just manifestation of the seizures with clinical syndromes. Sometimes the maker may not be present.

Seizure Onset Zone Annotations

What is actually important in the evaluation of datasets is the clinical annotations of their localization hypotheses of the seizure onset zone.

These generally include:

* early onset: the earliest onset electrodes participating in the seizure that clinicians saw
* early/late spread (optional): the electrodes that showed epileptic spread activity after seizure onset. Not all seizures has spread contacts annotated.

Surgical Zone (Resection or Ablation) Annotations

For patients with the post-surgical MRI available, then the segmentation process outlined above tells us which electrodes were within the surgical removed brain region.

Otherwise, clinicians give us their best estimate, of which electrodes were resected/ablated based on their surgical notes.

For surgical patients whose postoperative medical records did not explicitly indicate specific resected or ablated contacts, manual visual inspection was performed to determine the approximate contacts that were located in later resected/ablated tissue. Postoperative T1 MRI scans were compared against post-SEEG implantation CT scans or CURRY coregistrations of preoperative MRI/post SEEG CT scans. Contacts of interest in and around the area of the reported resection were selected individually and the corresponding slice was navigated to on the CT scan or CURRY coregistration. After identifying landmarks of that slice (e.g. skull shape, skull features, shape of prominent brain structures like the ventricles, central sulcus, superior temporal gyrus, etc.), the location of a given contact in relation to these landmarks, and the location of the slice along the axial plane, the corresponding slice in the postoperative MRI scan was navigated to. The resected tissue within the slice was then visually inspected and compared against the distinct landmarks identified in the CT scans, if brain tissue was not present in the corresponding location of the contact, then the contact was marked as resected/ablated. This process was repeated for each contact of interest.

References

Adam Li, Chester Huynh, Zachary Fitzgerald, Iahn Cajigas, Damian Brusko, Jonathan Jagid, Angel Claudio, Andres Kanner, Jennifer Hopp, Stephanie Chen, Jennifer Haagensen, Emily Johnson, William Anderson, Nathan Crone, Sara Inati, Kareem Zaghloul, Juan Bulacio, Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, Sridevi V. Sarma. Neural Fragility as an EEG Marker of the Seizure Onset Zone. bioRxiv 862797; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/862797

Appelhoff, S., Sanderson, M., Brooks, T., Vliet, M., Quentin, R., Holdgraf, C., Chaumon, M., Mikulan, E., Tavabi, K., Höchenberger, R., Welke, D., Brunner, C., Rockhill, A., Larson, E., Gramfort, A. and Jas, M. (2019). MNE-BIDS: Organizing electrophysiological data into the BIDS format and facilitating their analysis. Journal of Open Source Software 4: (1896). https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01896

Holdgraf, C., Appelhoff, S., Bickel, S., Bouchard, K., D'Ambrosio, S., David, O., … Hermes, D. (2019). iEEG-BIDS, extending the Brain Imaging Data Structure specification to human intracranial electrophysiology. Scientific Data, 6, 102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0105-7

Pernet, C. R., Appelhoff, S., Gorgolewski, K. J., Flandin, G., Phillips, C., Delorme, A., Oostenveld, R. (2019). EEG-BIDS, an extension to the brain imaging data structure for electroencephalography. Scientific Data, 6, 103. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0104-8

Clinical data of epilepsy patients.

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented November 23, 2020; EEG data set, source code, and results from 7500 signal pairs from 5 epilepsy patients analyzed in the manuscript, Andrzejak RG, Schindler K, Rummel C. Nonrandomness, nonlinear dependence, and nonstationarity of electroencephalographic recordings from epilepsy patients. Phys. Rev. E, 86, 046206, 2012. All Matlab source codes are included in the file ASR_Sources_2012_10_16.zip. The clinical purpose of these recordings was to delineate the brain areas to be surgically removed in each individual patient in order to achieve seizure control.

Epilepsy affects 1% of the global population, with approximately one-third of patients resistant to anti-seizure medications (ASMs), posing risks of physical injuries and psychological issues. Seizure prediction algorithms aim to enhance the quality of life for these individuals by providing timely alerts. This study presents a patient-specific seizure prediction algorithm applied to diverse databases (EPILEPSIAE, CHB-MIT, AES, and Epilepsy Ecosystem). The proposed algorithm undergoes a standardized framework, including data preprocessing, feature extraction, training, testing, and postprocessing. Various databases necessitate adaptations in the algorithm, considering differences in data availability and characteristics. The algorithm exhibited variable performance across databases, taking into account sensitivity, FPR/h, specificity, and AUC score. This study distinguishes between sample-based approaches, which often yield better results by disregarding the temporal aspect of seizures, and alarm-based approaches, which aim to simulate real-life conditions but produce less favorable outcomes. Statistical assessment reveals challenges in surpassing chance levels, emphasizing the rarity of seizure events. Comparative analyses with existing studies highlight the complexity of standardized assessments, given diverse methodologies and dataset variations. Rigorous methodologies aiming to simulate real-life conditions produce less favorable outcomes, emphasizing the importance of realistic assumptions and comprehensive, long-term, and systematically structured datasets for future research.

**Overview:

The Bonn EEG Dataset is a widely recognized dataset in the field of biomedical signal processing and machine learning, specifically designed for research in epilepsy detection and EEG signal analysis. It contains electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from both healthy individuals and patients with epilepsy, making it suitable for tasks such as seizure detection and classification of brain activity states. The dataset is structured into five distinct subsets (labeled A, B, C, D, and E), each comprising 100 single-channel EEG segments, resulting in a total of 500 segments. Each segment represents 23.6 seconds of EEG data, sampled at a frequency of 173.61 Hz, yielding 4,096 data points per segment, stored in ASCII format as text files.

****Structure and Label:

• Set A: EEG recordings from healthy individuals with eyes open, capturing normal brain activity under visual stimulation.
• Set B: EEG recordings from healthy individuals with eyes closed, reflecting brain activity in a resting state.
• Set C: EEG recordings from epilepsy patients, collected from the epileptogenic zone during an interictal (seizure-free) period.
• Set D: EEG recordings from epilepsy patients, collected from the hippocampal formation of the opposite brain hemisphere during an interictal period.
• Set E: EEG recordings from epilepsy patients during an ictal (seizure) period, capturing brain activity during an epileptic seizure. Each subset contains 100 EEG segments, ensuring a balanced distribution across the five classes, which supports both binary (e.g., healthy vs. epileptic) and multi-class (e.g., A-E classification) tasks.

**Key Characteristics

• Size: 500 EEG segments (100 segments per subset, across five subsets).
• Data Type: Single-channel EEG signals, stored in text files (ASCII format).
• Sampling Rate: 173.61 Hz, providing high temporal resolution.
• Segment Length: 23.6 seconds per segment, equivalent to 4,096 data points.
• Labels: Clearly defined for each subset (A: healthy, eyes open; B: healthy, eyes closed; C: interictal, epileptogenic zone; D: interictal, opposite hemisphere; E: ictal), enabling precise model evaluation.
• Preprocessing: The data is not pre-filtered, but a low-pass filter with a 40 Hz cutoff is recommended to remove high-frequency noise and artifacts, as suggested in the original documentation.

**Applications

The Bonn EEG Dataset is ideal for machine learning and signal processing tasks, including: - Developing algorithms for epileptic seizure detection and prediction. - Exploring feature extraction techniques, such as wavelet transforms, for EEG signal analysis. - Classifying brain states (healthy vs. epileptic, interictal vs. ictal). - Supporting research in neuroscience and medical diagnostics, particularly for epilepsy monitoring and treatment.

**Source

• The dataset is publicly available from the University of Bonn and can be downloaded from the following link: University of Bonn EEG Dataset
• The dataset is provided as five ZIP files, each containing 100 text files corresponding to the EEG segments for subsets A, B, C, D, and E.

**Citation

When using this dataset, researchers are required to cite the original publication: Andrzejak, R. G., Lehnertz, K., Mormann, F., Rieke, C., David, P., & Elger, C. E. (2001). Indications of nonlinear deterministic and finite-dimensional structures in time series of brain electrical activity: Dependence on recording region and brain state. Physical Review E, 64(6), 061907. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.061907.

**Additional Notes

1. The dataset is randomized, with no specific information provided about patients or electrode placements, ensuring simplicity and focus on signal characteristics.

2. The data is not hosted on Kaggle or Hugging Face but is accessible directly from the University of Bonn’s repository or mirrored sources.

3. Researchers may need to apply preprocessing steps, such as filtering or normalization, to optimize the data for machine learning tasks.

4. The dataset’s balanced structure and clear labels make it an excellent choice for a one-week machine learning project, particularly for tasks involving traditional algorithms like SVM, Random Forest, or Logistic Regression.

5. This dataset provides a robust foundation for learning signal processing, feature extraction, and machine learning techniques while addressing a real-world medical challenge in epilepsy detection.

This data package contains information on genetic associations including biochemical protein-protein interaction, genetic variation, gene chemical interaction and protein kinase interactome.

The Epilepsy Genetic Association Database (epiGAD) of the International League Against Epilepsy is an online repository of data relating to genetic association studies in the field of epilepsy, collects results from published and unpublished research in epilepsy genetics providing data to be used for meta-analyses and other scientific purposes.