The average market risk premium in the United States remained at *** percent in 2025. This suggests that the returns that investors expected for their investrments remained the same as the previous year in that country, in exchange for the risk they are exposed to. This premium has hovered between *** and *** percent since 2011. What causes country-specific risk? Risk to investments come from two main sources. First, inflation causes an asset’s price to decrease in real terms. A 100 U.S. dollar investment with three percent inflation is only worth ** U.S. dollars after one year. Investors are also interested in risks of project failure or non-performing loans. The unique U.S. context Analysts have historically considered the United States Treasury to be risk-free. This view has been shifting, but many advisors continue to use treasury yield rates as a risk-free rate. Given the fact that U.S. government securities are available at a variety of terms, this gives investment managers a range of tools for predicting future market developments.

The average market risk premium used in Russia was the highest in 2025, reaching a value of ** percent in that year. The lowest market risk premiums used in that year were in France and Japan, at *** percent respectively.

Graph and download economic data for Real Risk Premium (TENEXPCHAREARISPRE) from Jan 1982 to Oct 2025 about premium, real, and USA.

This statistic illustrates the median market risk premium used for selected countries worldwide in 2024. The median market risk premium used in Turkey was the highest and reached a value of **** percent in that year.

Market risk premiums (MRP) measure the expected return on investment an investor looks to make. For potential investors looking to add to their portfolio, the perfect scenario for a risk-based investment would be a high rate of return with as small a risk as possible. There are three main concepts to MRPs, including required market risk premiums, historical market risk premiums, and expected market risk premiums. United Kingdom shows little return for risk Europe-wide, Finland had one of the lowest MRP alongside Poland and Germany. Ukraine had average risk premiums of *** percent in 2025. Having a lower market risk premium may seem bad, but for countries such as the UK and Germany where rates have been consistent for several years, it is because the market is stable as an environment for investment. Risk-free rates Risk-free rates are closely associated with market risk premiums and measure the rate of return on an investment with no risk. As there is no risk associated, the rate of return is lower than that of an MRP. Average risk-free rates across Europe are relatively low.

The average market risk premium in Canada was *** percent in 2024. This means investors demanded an extra *** Canadian dollars on a 100 Canadian dollar investment. This extra cost should compensate for the risk of an investment based in Canada. What causes risk? As far as country-specific factors are concerned, macroeconomic trends can cause risk. For example, the inflation rate in relation to other countries can change the relative value of an investment. Lower inflation in Canada could weaken the Canadian dollar, reducing the value of Canadian assets in terms of another currency, such as the euro or U.S. dollar. The Canadian context As a country, Canada has a fairly high national debt. Some economists point to this as an increased default risk, since debt servicing can become costly. However, most investors agree that Canada, as an advanced economy, is creditworthy and not at risk of defaulting. A better measure is to look at Canada’s risk premium in the context of interest rates from other countries. These deposit rates can be used as a baseline for the market risk premium of other countries, though they do not include all the factors that have been used to calculate this statistic.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

The average market risk premium in South Africa increased to *** percent in 2024. Market premium risk represents the difference between return on equities and a risk-free investment, which is normally associated with short-term government bonds. For comparison, the U.S. market premium risk amounted to *** percent in the same year. Risk-free rate Most analysts consider the U.S. treasury rate to be the risk-free rate for the term of their investment, assuming the United States government will not default. Just as consumers in the Unites States get a credit rating, agencies such as Standard & Poor’s rate countries’ credit risks. Using these data, analysts compute the country-specific default risk, which in turn has an influence on the value of risk-free rate. What influences the return on equities? The economic factors such as political stability in a country, inflation rate, level of indebtment, trade deficit and investments have an influence on the activities of companies and their valuation on the stock exchanges. Apart from the economic cycle, the company’s operations itself, which are reflected in the results published in the financial reports, can boost or diminish the stock returns.

View market daily updates and historical trends for US Corporate BBB Bond Risk Premium. from United States. Source: Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Track e…

{"The dataset comprises the following series: 01_RI_data_series: Return index series for the 27 companies included in the NASDAQ OMX Renewable Energy Gen (GRNREG) index (source: Datastream). 02_DY_data_series: Dividend yield series for the 27 companies included in the NASDAQ OMX Renewable Energy Gen (GRNREG) index (source: Datastream). 03_MV_data_series: Market value series for the 27 companies included in the NASDAQ OMX Renewable Energy Gen (GRNREG) index (source: Datastream). 04_Exchange_rates: Exchange rates (source: OECD). 05_LCOE: Average Levelized cost of energy for the United States and Europe (source: IRENA (2022)). 06_PriceLCOE_ratio: Energy prices relative to the levelized cost of energy, where energy prices are pool prices compiled from the Nord Pool power market. 07_Risk_free_and_ERP: (i) 10-year German bond yield and 20-year U.S. bond yield, and (ii) equity risk premium for Europe and U.S. (source: Bloomberg). 08_Unlevered_Betas: Unlevered betas for 23 European firms and 11 North-American firms whose activity is focused on the renewable energy sector (source: S&P Capital IQ). REFERENCES: IRENA, 2022. Renewable Energy Statistics 2022, available at: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Jul/IRENA_Renewable_energy_statistics_2022.pdf (accessed 12 May 2024)."}

This dataset compiles national-level municipal bond issuance and pricing statistics for the United States, sourced from the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA). It includes time-series data on municipal bond issuance volumes, average yields, interest rates, and maturity structures, aggregated on a monthly and annual basis. The dataset provides critical macro-financial context for evaluating subnational debt trends, especially in the context of climate adaptation investments and fiscal resilience. In particular, it supports comparative analysis between local climate-related borrowing (e.g., FEMA-backed projects) and national municipal debt trends, serving as a benchmark for assessing changes in risk premiums, cost of capital, and investor behavior. This file was used to calibrate yield spreads in empirical models evaluating the market response to federally co-funded nature-based infrastructure.

General insurers can provide industry services at a fraction of the potential loss by pooling premiums to pay for losses some policyholders incur. The industry is an indispensable part of risk management in the domestic economy. General insurers derive income from insurance premiums and investing in bonds, stocks and other assets. Most property and casualty premiums are obtained through renewing policies relating to existing risks. Changes in risk exposure and pricing conditions affect remaining premiums. Many consumers view policies as inelastic, although some may choose to decrease consumption of insurance policies should premium prices increase too much. Policy pricing fluctuates between cycles of price-cutting (softening) and price raising (hardening). Over the past five years, revenue has grown at a CAGR of 3.4% to $1,021.1 billion, including an expected 2.1% increase in 2025 alone. Industry profit is also set to climb to 14.2% of revenue in the current year as insurance premiums have climbed and interest income has grown. Industry revenue has benefited from a hardening price cycle during the majority of the current period. Even though volatility at the onset of the period and a high inflationary environment in the latter part of the period hindered the broader economy, demand for industry services was not severely damaged. Net premiums increased for insurers, primarily because of the growth in the house price index and the rise of new car sales have led to higher insurance premiums to protect against potential liabilities. As economic conditions will continue to improve into the outlook period, employment and business activity in the broader economy are expected to increase and promote spending and the need for industry services. The Federal Reserve is anticipated to cut rates further following the recent rate cuts in the latter part of the period which will decrease investment income for P&C insurers, limiting industry revenue growth. Overall, revenue is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 2.0% to $1,126.8 billion over the five years to 2030.

Index Time Series for Franklin Liberty Systematic Style Premia ETF. The frequency of the observation is daily. Moving average series are also typically included. The fund seeks to achieve its investment goal by allocating its assets across two underlying alternative investment strategies, which represent top-down and bottom-up approaches to capturing factor-based risk premia. Through the two strategies, it may invest in or obtain exposure to: (i) equity securities (which may include common stocks and preferred stocks), (ii) debt securities (which may include bonds, notes, debentures, banker's acceptances and commercial paper), (iii) commodity-linked derivative instruments and (iv) currency-related derivative instruments.

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Premium Cosmetics Market Size 2024-2028

The premium cosmetics market size is forecast to increase by USD 67 billion at a CAGR of 9.75% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven primarily by the increasing demand for high-end skincare products. Consumers are becoming more conscious of their health and appearance, leading them to invest in premium cosmetics that offer superior quality and effectiveness. This trend is particularly prominent in developed regions, where consumers have higher disposable income and a greater appreciation for luxury brands. However, there are challenges that market players must navigate to capitalize on this growth. One such challenge is the lack of consumer reach and premium brand penetration in major parts of developing regions. Multichannel marketing strategies, including e-commerce and social media, offer a potential solution to this issue. By expanding their distribution channels and leveraging digital marketing tools, cosmetics companies can reach a wider audience and build brand awareness in these markets. Additionally, partnerships with local distributors and strategic collaborations with influencers can help premium brands establish a foothold in developing regions. Overall, the market presents significant opportunities for growth, particularly for companies that can effectively navigate the challenges of consumer reach and brand penetration in developing regions.

What will be the Size of the Premium Cosmetics Market during the forecast period?

Request Free SampleThe market is experiencing dynamic shifts as consumers prioritize personalized beauty solutions and ethical practices. Indie beauty brands and niche players are gaining traction, offering unique offerings and luxury customer service. Advanced formulas, such as hair repair and skincare technology, are driving innovation, while active ingredients and botanical extracts are at the forefront of data-driven beauty trends. Beauty influencer marketing and content marketing are essential channels for reaching consumers, with luxury beauty events and exclusive services further enhancing the experience. Sustainable packaging and eco-friendly practices are becoming increasingly important, as is the focus on skin hydration and barrier repair. Premium ingredients, including matte finish, signature scents, and high-pigment formulas, continue to be in demand. Beauty subscription services and online communities cater to consumers' evolving preferences, with beauty tourism and luxury retail experiences offering immersive, personalized journeys. Hair care products, color cosmetics, and skincare technology are key areas of investment, as brands strive to deliver advanced formulas and luxury fragrances. Hair growth, skin brightening, and social media marketing are also significant trends shaping the market.

How is this Premium Cosmetics Industry segmented?

The premium cosmetics industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments. ProductSkincare productsFragrancesColor cosmeticsHair care productsOthersDistribution ChannelOfflineOnlineGeographyNorth AmericaUSEuropeGermanyUKMiddle East and AfricaAPACChinaJapanSouth AmericaRest of World (ROW)

By Product Insights

The skincare products segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The premium skincare market is experiencing growth as an increasing number of individuals, both men and women, prioritize better skincare solutions. This segment's expansion is driven by the desire for personalized, scientifically formulated products that cater to individual skin needs. The integration of technology, such as artificial intelligence and virtual try-on, enables personalized recommendations, enhancing the customer experience. Moreover, ethical sourcing, sustainability, and environmental responsibility are becoming essential factors in consumer purchasing decisions. Brands that emphasize cruelty-free cosmetics, vegan options, and eco-friendly packaging are gaining popularity among Gen Z consumers and millennials. The luxury experience is also a significant influencer, with exclusive brands offering personalized consultations and concierge services to cater to their high-value clientele. The global skincare market's expansion is not limited to established markets. Emerging markets, particularly in Asia, are witnessing a surge in demand for premium skincare products. Luxury retailers are capitalizing on this trend by offering exclusive services and collaborating with influencers to reach a broader audience. The clean beauty movement is another trend shaping the market, with consumers seeking products free from harsh chemicals and synthetic ingredients. This shift is leading to the development of scientificall

Ten-Year Expected Inflation and Real and Inflation Risk Premia is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Embedded Premium Financing Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Embedded Premium Financing market size was valued at $2.7 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $8.9 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 14.2% during 2024–2033. The primary driver fueling this remarkable expansion is the growing demand for seamless, integrated insurance payment solutions that cater to digital-first consumers and businesses. As the insurance sector undergoes rapid digital transformation, embedded premium financing is emerging as a critical enabler, allowing policyholders to spread premium payments over time, thereby enhancing affordability and improving customer retention for insurers. This trend is further amplified by the proliferation of fintech partnerships and the integration of advanced technologies, such as AI and machine learning, into premium financing platforms, streamlining underwriting and risk assessment processes. As a result, the embedded premium financing market is poised for robust growth, underpinned by evolving customer expectations, regulatory support, and a rapidly expanding digital insurance ecosystem.

Regional Outlook

North America holds the largest share of the embedded premium financing market, accounting for nearly 38% of the global revenue in 2024. This dominance is driven by the region’s mature insurance sector, high digital adoption rates, and favorable regulatory environment supporting financial innovation. The United States, in particular, has witnessed early adoption of embedded finance models, with insurers, banks, and fintechs forming strategic alliances to offer flexible premium payment options. The presence of established technology providers and a highly competitive insurance landscape have accelerated the integration of premium financing solutions into digital insurance products. Furthermore, North American consumers’ growing preference for digital financial services and their willingness to explore alternative payment methods have contributed significantly to the region's market leadership. Regulatory clarity and the proactive stance of financial authorities, especially in the US and Canada, have fostered innovation while ensuring consumer protection, resulting in a robust and scalable embedded premium financing ecosystem.

Asia Pacific is projected to be the fastest-growing region in the embedded premium financing market, with an anticipated CAGR of 17.5% from 2024 to 2033. This exceptional growth is attributed to the rapid digitalization of financial services, burgeoning middle-class population, and increasing insurance penetration across key markets such as China, India, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Governments in the region are actively promoting financial inclusion and digital transformation, creating a fertile ground for embedded premium financing solutions. Local and international fintech companies are investing heavily in innovative platforms that cater to the unique needs of diverse demographics, including micro-insurance and pay-as-you-go models. The proliferation of smartphones and mobile internet has further enabled the delivery of embedded premium financing at scale, making insurance more accessible and affordable. Strategic collaborations between insurers, banks, and technology providers are accelerating product development and market expansion, positioning Asia Pacific as a critical growth engine for the global market.

Emerging economies in Latin America, Middle East, and Africa are witnessing a gradual but steady adoption of embedded premium financing, driven by rising insurance awareness, digital banking adoption, and supportive policy frameworks. However, these regions face unique challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, lower financial literacy, and regulatory complexities that can impede rapid market growth. In Latin America, countries like Brazil and Mexico are leading the way with innovative fintech-led insurance solutions, while in the Middle East and Africa, government-led initiatives aimed at increasing insurance penetration are creating new opportunities for embedded financing models. Despite these positive trends, market players must navigate localized demand patterns, address cultural nuances, and invest in consumer education to unlock the full potential of these emerging markets. Overcoming these hurdles will be essential for achieving sustainable growth and establishing a strong foothold in these high-potential regions.

Report Scope

A little over half of investors believe the risk premium of seniors housing in the United States will increase in the next 12 months, according to a June 2022 survey. In this case, the risk premium refers to the spread between the risk-free ******* Treasury and seniors housing cap rates. The average United States risk market premium has hovered between *** and *** percent since 2011.

Premium Finance Platform Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global premium finance platform market size reached USD 8.2 billion in 2024. The market is demonstrating robust expansion, registering a CAGR of 10.1% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 19.2 billion. This impressive growth trajectory is driven by increasing digitalization in the insurance sector, enhanced customer experience demands, and the need for seamless premium payment solutions across diverse financial and insurance ecosystems.

One of the primary growth factors fueling the premium finance platform market is the accelerating digital transformation within the insurance and financial services industries. As insurance companies and brokers strive to modernize their operations, they are increasingly adopting advanced digital platforms that automate premium financing, streamline payment processing, and improve compliance. The integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics into premium finance platforms is enabling more accurate risk assessment, fraud detection, and personalized customer offerings. This technological evolution not only enhances operational efficiency but also reduces administrative costs, fostering greater adoption among both large enterprises and small to medium-sized businesses.

Another significant driver is the growing complexity of insurance products and the rising demand for flexible premium payment options. As consumers and businesses seek more tailored insurance solutions, the need for platforms that can support diverse payment plans, including installment financing, has surged. Premium finance platforms are bridging this gap by offering customizable financing solutions that cater to specific client needs, such as life insurance, property and casualty insurance, and commercial insurance. The ability to provide real-time quotes, automate approval processes, and ensure regulatory compliance is making these platforms indispensable for insurance companies, brokers, and financial institutions aiming to enhance customer satisfaction and retention.

Furthermore, the expansion of the insurance market in emerging economies is contributing to the upward momentum of the premium finance platform market. Rapid urbanization, increased awareness of insurance benefits, and rising disposable incomes in regions such as Asia Pacific and Latin America are driving the demand for insurance coverage and, consequently, for premium financing solutions. As insurance penetration deepens, financial institutions and insurance providers are leveraging premium finance platforms to tap into new customer segments, reduce churn, and maintain competitive advantage. The ongoing shift toward cloud-based deployment models is also enabling market players to scale their offerings rapidly and reach underserved regions, further bolstering market growth.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the premium finance platform market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific. North America's leadership can be attributed to its mature insurance sector, high adoption of digital technologies, and presence of leading market players. Europe is witnessing substantial growth due to regulatory reforms and increasing digitalization, while Asia Pacific emerges as the fastest-growing region, driven by expanding insurance markets and the proliferation of fintech innovations. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also experiencing steady growth, albeit from a smaller base, as insurance awareness and digital infrastructure improve.

Component Analysis

The premium finance platform market is segmented by component into Software and Services, each playing a pivotal role in shaping the market landscape. The software segment encompasses core platforms, analytics engines, and workflow automation tools that enable insurance companies, brokers,

The Bail Bond Services industry comprises businesses that provide surety bonds that are backed by insurance companies, covering the risk in granting pretrial release to defendants awaiting sentencing. Bail bond agents guarantee payment of the bond if the defendant fails to appear for their scheduled court appearance. This industry does not include the insurance companies that underwrite the bond contracts. Typically, bail bond agents charge a premium, which is not refundable.Over the past five years, revenue has grown at a CAGR of 4.3% to $2.4 billion, including an expected 2.3% decline in 2023. Profit is expected to climb to 15.7% of revenue in 2023 from 14.0% in 2018. The increase during this period has been due to a jump in the poverty rate and rising demand for community housing and homeless shelters. The industry has also encountered an increase in the number of temporary employees. An increase in the number of temporary employees has limited declines in demand for industry services. In addition, profit is anticipated to increase as a result. Temporary employees lack job security and are more likely to use industry services if arrested to prevent losing their job due to non-attendance. In 2020, due to the pandemic, many employees lost their jobs and an increase in the poverty rate raised demand for industry services.The continued decline in crime and increase in per capita disposable income is expected to lead to revenue declines over the five years to 2028. As the crime rate decreases and per capita disposable income rises, the likelihood that defendants can afford bail increases; thus, demand is expected to fall. Despite this, revenue losses will be tempered by a rise in the poverty rate, limiting declines in demand for industry services. In addition, the industry has been increasingly viewed as exploitative and one that favors the rich and high-risk criminals over the low-risk ones. As a result, social movements have developed to limit commercial bail activities. It is possible that pretrial release with financial conditions will fall out of favor and decrease the need for industry services. In addition, revenue declines will also be limited by an expected jump in the number of temporary employees. Overall, revenue is forecast to lag at a CAGR of 0.6% to $2.4 billion over the five years to 2028.