The average market risk premium used in Russia was the highest in 2025, reaching a value of ** percent in that year. The lowest market risk premiums used in that year were in France and Japan, at *** percent respectively.

Graph and download economic data for Real Risk Premium (TENEXPCHAREARISPRE) from Jan 1982 to Mar 2026 about premium, real, and USA.

The median market risk premium used in Russia was the highest and reached a value of **** percent in that year. The lowest market risk premium among the selected countries was *********, with *** percent.

Market risk premiums (MRP) measure the expected return on investment an investor looks to make. For potential investors looking to add to their portfolio, the perfect scenario for a risk-based investment would be a high rate of return with as small a risk as possible. There are three main concepts to MRPs, including required market risk premiums, historical market risk premiums, and expected market risk premiums. United Kingdom shows little return for risk Europe-wide, Finland had one of the lowest MRP alongside Poland and Germany. Ukraine had average risk premiums of *** percent in 2025. Having a lower market risk premium may seem bad, but for countries such as the UK and Germany where rates have been consistent for several years, it is because the market is stable as an environment for investment. Risk-free rates Risk-free rates are closely associated with market risk premiums and measure the rate of return on an investment with no risk. As there is no risk associated, the rate of return is lower than that of an MRP. Average risk-free rates across Europe are relatively low.

Split into three categories (required, historical, and expected), market risk premiums measure the rate of return investors expect on an investment over the risk that investment holds. In Europe, average market risk premiums (MRP) sit between four and 12 percent. Greece sees hike in MRP Although it has a relatively high market risk premium, Greece has seen its rates significantly decrease since 2020. Greece also saw a *** percent return rate on risk-free investments. The same correlation can be seen with Europe’s less risky countries for investment. With Germany seeing *** percent market risk premiums and *** percent risk-free returns in Europe. Required, historical, and expected Separating the three types of market risk premiums is straightforward. Required MRPs differ between investors, as approaches to investment change and measure the rate of return needed for an investment to be made. Expected premiums look at the rate of return and what they are calculated to come out as, while historical MRPs look back over a period at the average rate of return that investors previously got in the past.

The average market risk premium in Canada was *** percent in 2025. This means investors demanded an extra *** Canadian dollars on a 100 Canadian dollar investment. This extra cost should compensate for the risk of an investment based in Canada. What causes risk? As far as country-specific factors are concerned, macroeconomic trends can cause risk. For example, the inflation rate in relation to other countries can change the relative value of an investment. Lower inflation in Canada could weaken the Canadian dollar, reducing the value of Canadian assets in terms of another currency, such as the euro or U.S. dollar. The Canadian context As a country, Canada has a fairly high national debt. Some economists point to this as an increased default risk, since debt servicing can become costly. However, most investors agree that Canada, as an advanced economy, is creditworthy and not at risk of defaulting. A better measure is to look at Canada’s risk premium in the context of interest rates from other countries. These deposit rates can be used as a baseline for the market risk premium of other countries, though they do not include all the factors that have been used to calculate this statistic.

This dataset contains various relevant information about different countries alongside a country default spreads, risk premiums and other financial information. Part of the dataset is taken from here, created by Aswath Damodaran

You can read more computation of equity risk premium here and measuring country risk here

Replication data for manuscript "The Historical and Expected Equity Risk Premium in Spain: A Long-Run View, 1900-2020". We present revised estimates of the historical (ex post) equity risk premium and an original estimate of the expected (ex ante) premium for the Madrid stock market over a period of 120 years. The results are based on a new equity index, the H-IBEX (1900-1987), built on high-quality monthly data hand-collected from primary sources and methodologically aligned with the modern Spanish index, IBEX35. We also reconstructed an original weighted index of government bonds (1900-1987) which can be smoothly connected with recent data. Data include original series for equities, bonds and bills for the Madrid Stock Exchange from 1900 to 1987, at monthly and annual frequency, spliced with more recent data on equities (IBEX35) and bonds, to cover the period until 2020. Documentation includes three Excel files: monthly series, annual series and a summary of annual data.

Risk premium on lending (lending rate minus treasury bill rate, %) in Nigeria was reported at 9.278 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Nigeria - Risk premium on lending (prime rate minus treasury bill rate, %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2026.

The median market risk premium (MRP) used for selected countries in Europe as of 2025 was highest in Russia, at **** percent, followed by Greece at *** percent, and Romania at * percent. The lowest median market risk premium was recorded in Switzerland, at *** percent.

Uzbekistan UZ: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data was reported at 6.862 % pa in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.166 % pa for 2023. Uzbekistan UZ: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 8.134 % pa from Dec 2018 (Median) to 2024, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.409 % pa in 2019 and a record low of 5.166 % pa in 2023. Uzbekistan UZ: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Uzbekistan – Table UZ.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Risk premium on lending is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the 'risk free' treasury bill interest rate at which short-term government securities are issued or traded in the market. In some countries this spread may be negative, indicating that the market considers its best corporate clients to be lower risk than the government. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability. This indicator is expressed as a percentage (a÷b)*100.;International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);;

Market risk premiums (MRP) measure the expected return on investment an investor looks to make. For potential investors looking to add to their portfolio, the perfect scenario for a risk-based investment would be a high rate of return with as small a risk as possible. There are * main concepts to MRPs, including required market risk premiums, historical market risk premiums and expected market risk premiums. In 2025, average market risk premiums in Poland decreased from the previous year to reach *** percent. Greece and Ukraine with the highest MRP in Europe In 2023, Poland was relatively well-placed for average market risk premiums in Europe, compared to other countries. Countries with the highest MRP, and therefore of the highest investment risk included Ukraine and Russia. Poland's risk premiums reached *** percent. Ukraine risk premiums averaged at ** percent in 2023. Risk-free rates Risk-free rates are closely associated to market risk premiums and measure the rate of return on an investment with no risk. As there is no risk associated, the rate of return is lower than that of an MRP. Average risk-free rates across Europe (except for Turkey and Ukraine) were relatively low in 2023. The risk-free rate of investment in Poland was *** percent as of 2023.

Risk premium on lending (lending rate minus treasury bill rate, %) in Georgia was reported at 4.0433 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Georgia - Risk premium on lending (prime rate minus treasury bill rate, %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2026.

Replication data for manuscript "The Historical and Expected Equity Risk Premium in Spain: A Long-Run View, 1900-2020". We present revised estimates of the historical (ex post) equity risk premium and an original estimate of the expected (ex ante) premium for the Madrid stock market over a period of 120 years. The results are based on a new equity index, the H-IBEX (1900-1987), built on high-quality monthly data hand-collected from primary sources and methodologically aligned with the modern Spanish index, IBEX35. We also reconstructed an original weighted index of government bonds (1900-1987) which can be smoothly connected with recent data. Data include original series for equities, bonds and bills for the Madrid Stock Exchange from 1900 to 1987, at monthly and annual frequency, spliced with more recent data on equities (IBEX35) and bonds, to cover the period until 2020. Documentation includes three Excel files (monthly series, annual series and summary of annual data) and one Eviews13 file with main regressions.

Risk premium on lending (lending rate minus treasury bill rate, %) in Brazil was reported at 29.05 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Brazil - Risk premium on lending (prime rate minus treasury bill rate, %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on February of 2026.

Tanzania TZ: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data was reported at -0.215 % pa in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.234 % pa for 2015. Tanzania TZ: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 7.378 % pa from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.668 % pa in 1996 and a record low of -0.215 % pa in 2016. Tanzania TZ: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tanzania – Table TZ.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Risk premium on lending is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the 'risk free' treasury bill interest rate at which short-term government securities are issued or traded in the market. In some countries this spread may be negative, indicating that the market considers its best corporate clients to be lower risk than the government. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics database.; ;

Azerbaijan Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data was reported at 2.216 % pa in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.419 % pa for 2016. Azerbaijan Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 8.492 % pa from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2017, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.871 % pa in 2010 and a record low of 1.178 % pa in 1999. Azerbaijan Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Azerbaijan – Table AZ.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Risk premium on lending is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the 'risk free' treasury bill interest rate at which short-term government securities are issued or traded in the market. In some countries this spread may be negative, indicating that the market considers its best corporate clients to be lower risk than the government. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability. This indicator is expressed as a percentage (a÷b)*100.;International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);;

The average market risk premium used in Switzerland fluctuated between 2011 and 2025. As of 2025, the average market risk premium in Switzerland stood at *** percent, the lowest in fifteen years.

This replication folder recreates all tables and figures in RFS article "The Market Risk Premium for Unsecured Consumer Credit Risk." For instructions, see the file "Instructions_ReplicationCode.pdf."

Nepal NP: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data was reported at 1.087 % pa in 2010. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.897 % pa for 2009. Nepal NP: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 8.073 % pa from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2010, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.000 % pa in 1985 and a record low of 0.783 % pa in 1996. Nepal NP: Risk Premium on Lending: Lending Rate Minus Treasury Bill Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nepal – Table NP.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Risk premium on lending is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the 'risk free' treasury bill interest rate at which short-term government securities are issued or traded in the market. In some countries this spread may be negative, indicating that the market considers its best corporate clients to be lower risk than the government. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics database.; ;