This dataset represents a curated subset of https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/154576 (DOI: 10.6094/UNIFR/154576) to be used as example data in a tutorial notebook.

For in-depth details please refer to the original dataset.

ERP data files. Input of "ERP analysis scripts".

The Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Market is Segmented by Offering (Solutions and Services), Function (HR, Supply Chain, Finance, Marketing, and Other Functions), Deployment (On-Premise and Hybrid), Organization Size (Small and Medium Enterprises and Large Enterprises), Industry Verticals (BFSI, IT and Telecom, Government, Retail and E-Commerce, Manufacturing, Oil, Gas, and Energy, and Other Industry Verticals), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa). The Report Offers the Market Size and Forecasts for all the Above Segments in Value (USD).

The global Small Business ERP Software market size was valued at USD 8.7 billion in 2022 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.5% from 2023 to 2030. The market growth is attributed to the increasing adoption of cloud-based ERP solutions, rising awareness of the benefits of ERP systems, and the growing emphasis on data-driven decision-making. Key market drivers include the increasing need for integrated business management systems, the growing adoption of mobile and cloud-based technologies, and the increasing popularity of subscription-based pricing models. The market is expected to witness significant growth in the Asia Pacific region, driven by the increasing adoption of ERP solutions in emerging economies such as China and India. North America is expected to remain the largest regional market, owing to the presence of a large number of established vendors and the early adoption of ERP solutions.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have become indispensable within companies due to their substantial functions and benefits. With a plethora of ERP systems available in the market, management is offered a broad array of options. This paper endeavours to identify the determinants influencing the switching intention of ERP users. Utilizing a conceptual model that adapts the push-pull-mooring paradigm, we seek to construct a formation mechanism of switching intention. Through structural equation modeling conducted on data collected from 236 users, our study uncovers several key findings. The study indicates that system quality, information quality, and top management support exert considerable influence on switching intention via satisfaction. Notably, we found that user satisfaction has a negative impact on switching intention. Our analysis also reveals that alternative attractiveness significantly determines switching intention. These findings provide valuable insights for organizations and ERP vendors to better understand user behaviour and to strategically manage user retention and switching decisions.

PUBLIC DATA: ERP Differences in Processing Canonical and Noncanonical Finger-Numeral Configurations Citation for the data: Soylu, F. (2019). Public dataset: ERP differences in processing canonical and noncanonical finger-numeral configurations. Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BNNSRG Related bublication: Soylu, F., Rivera, B., Anchan, M., & Shannon, N. (2019). ERP differences in processing canonical and noncanonical finger-numeral configurations. Neuroscience Letters, 705, 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.032 Keywords: Numerical cognition, Finger counting, Montring, Gestures, EEG, ERP Access to dataset (Harvard Dataverse): https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/BNNSRG Created by: Firat Soylu (fsoylu@ua.edu) on 2018-03-11 The data was collected in the ELDEN Lab (http://elden.ua.edu) at The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. DESCRIPTION OF DATA The stimuli for the EEG session included 24 pictures of finger-number configurations; 4 finger montring, 4 finger counting, and 4 non-canonical finger configurations, separately for left and right hands, all showing the palm and matching with numerosities from one to four. The non-canonical configurations were based on a previous study comparing montring and non-canonical configurations (Di Luca et al., 2010). The configuration images were shot with a digital camera, and were edited to replace the background with a uniform black and to balance color and luminance. The experiment included a total of 960 trials in 10 blocks, each block including 96 trials, generated by combining four sets of the 24 configurations, each of them randomized separately, which allowed an even distribution of different stimuli across each block while avoiding predictability. In each trial a configuration was presented for 500 ms, followed by a validation step, where a single-digit Arabic numeral was presented. Participants pressed one of the two buttons on the controller using either their left or right index finger to indicate whether the Arabic numeral shown matches the number presented in the preceding configuration. To counterbalance use of response buttons, participants used one of the two (right: match, left:no-match, or, left:match, right:no-match) response button configurations in the first five blocks, and the other one in the remaining five blocks, the order randomly chosen for each subject. The dataset includes data from 38 participants. Please check the related publication for more information about the subjects. The analysis in the paper involves a comparison of participants who start counting on their index and thumb fingers. All subjects started counting on their right hands but differed in terms of which finger they started counting with: % Right-thumb starters (N=20) subject_thumb_starter = {'1163', '1164', '1168', '1182', '1184', '1185', '1221', '1223', '1226', '1230', '1233', '1234', '1235', '1237', '1248', '1255', '1261', '1262', '1279', '1280'}; % Right-index starters (N=18) subject_index_starter = {'1161', '1165', '1169', '1170', '1172', '1174', '1176', '1177', '1178', '1179', '1180', '1181', '1183', '1220', '1222', '1224', '1225', '1227'}; In addition to the grand-average ERPs for the entire sample, the analysis script generates separate grand-average ERPs for thumb-starters and index-starters. The EEG part of the experiment took place in a sound attenuated experiment room. Neurobs Presentation (www.neurobs.com) was used for stimulus presentation and data collection. EEG Data was collected using a BrainVision 32 Channel ActiChamp system (www.brainvision.com), with Easy Cap recording caps using Ag/AgCl electrodes. The 32 electrodes were attached according to the international 10-20 system at the locations Fp1/2, F7/8, F3/4, Fz, FT9/10, FC1/2, FC5/6, T7/8, C3/4, Cz, TP9/10, CP1/2, CP5/6, P7/8, P3/4, Pz, O1/2, Oz and recording-referenced to Cz. BrianVision Recorder was used to record data (electrode impedance<10 kΩ, 0.5-70 Hz, 500 samples/sec). A custom MATLAB script using ERPLAB (http:// erpinfo.org/erplab/) and EEGLAB (http://sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab) functions were used to analyze data. Inferential statistics was conducted with JASP (https://jasp-stats.org/). A Logitech F310 game controller was used as the input device. HOW TO USE 1) Because the total size of the compressed data is 4.5GB, the compressed file is divided into four parts, each less than 1GB. Download the four parts of the compressed data, "Soylu_2019_DataversePublicData_part_a b, c & d" and put them in the same folder. 2) Open a terminal screen (in MAC & LINUX) and go to the folder where the four compressed files are located. Enter the command: "cat Soylu_2019_DataversePublicData_part_* > Soylu_2019_DataversePublicData.tar.gz" This will create a single compressed file "Soylu_2019_DataversePublicData.tar.gz" 3) To uncompress the combined compressed file enter the command: "tar -zxvf Soylu_2019_DataversePublicData.tar.gz" This will uncompress the folder. The...

EEG data analysis repository for Shalu et al. Similar but different: ERP evidence on the processing of mental and physical
experiencer verbs in Malayalam. The preprocessed data from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14986232 was imported in R (Version 4.4.2; R Core Team, 2024) using the eeguana package (Version 0.1.11.9001; Nicenboim, 2018) for epoching and statistical analysis. Single trial EEG epochs were used for statistically analysing the mean amplitudes in selected time-windows of interest by fitting linear mixed effects models (LMEM) using the lme4 package (Bates et al., 2015) in R.

The names of the zipped folders describe their respective contents. The Code_In_Context_Analysis_Output_R_Notebooks folder contains the R Notebooks of the LMEM analyses of the behavioural and ERP data. These notebooks show the code, data and output in context, and provide full model summaries and details for all the models reported in the article. The R scripts themselves reside in a folder of their own, which also includes the version of the eeguana package we used for the analyses, and the custom-made helper scripts for processing the EEG data, epoching them and extracting mean amplitudes from them. The EEG and Epochs data resulting from the ERP analysis, as well as the single-trial mean amplitudes and prestimulus mean amplitudes extracted for each time-window of interest are in EEG_And_Epochs_Data_Files. Since the LMEM models computed were quite complex, the model objects are provided as RDS files for easily importing them into R without having to compute the models again. The plots generated at various stages of the analysis are in the Plots folder.

References

Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., and Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1. doi: 10.18637/jss.v067.i01.

Nicenboim, B. (2018). eeguana: A package for manipulating EEG data in R. Version 0.1.11.9001. Retrieved from https://github.com/bnicenboim/eeguana. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2533138.

R Core Team (2024). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org.

Shalu, S., Choudhary, K. K., & Muralikrishnan, R. (2025). Dataset with EEG data from Malayalam speakers. (Shalu et al., 2025) [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14986232

The Cloud ERP Market size was valued at USD 49.80 USD Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 136.55 USD Billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 15.5 % during the forecast period. Cloud ERP is a software solution that helps organizations manage and integrate their core business processes, data, and applications on a cloud computing infrastructure. Unlike traditional on-premises ERP systems, where software and data are stored and managed locally on an organization’s servers, cloud ERP operates on remote servers managed by a third-party cloud service provider. Cloud ERP provides a range of functionalities supporting various aspects of business operations, including finance, human resources, supply chain management, manufacturing, sales, and customer relationship management. It serves as a central repository for data and enables different departments to access and share information in real-time, facilitating collaboration and streamlining workflows. Recent developments include: October 2023: Acumatica made advancements in its cloud-based ERP product, Acumatica 2023 R2. The additions include Acumatica Payments, access to Amazon’s Seller Central marketplace, integration of Shopify’s online sales with Acumatica’s back-end fulfillment processes, and many others., October 2023: Infor partnered with AWS to develop a cloud-based ERP software to help manufacturing and logistics industries transform digitally. The combined capabilities enabled organizations to tackle supply chain issues and fierce competition., September 2023: Oracle partnered with Mastercard to aid enterprise customers in automating end-to-end business-to-business (B2B) payment transactions. The collaboration enabled Oracle to connect the Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP with banks to simplify, restructure, and automate the B2B payment process., June 2023: Microsoft Corporation launched Dynamics 365 Copilot and offered more AI-powered assistance across ERP solutions, including Dynamics 365 Project Operations, Dynamics 365 Finance, and Dynamics 365 Supply Chain Management., January 2023: RIPL partnered with ORGNN Technologies Pvt. Ltd. to launch the ‘FusionHub Cloud ERP’ in the Indian market. The ERP software is a business management software that aids the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries in managing business functions.. Key drivers for this market are: Fusion of Analytics With Cloud ERP to Facilitate Informed Decision-Making Drives Market Growth. Potential restraints include: Limited Customization to Create Major Drawbacks for Enterprises Requiring Tailored Approach. Notable trends are: Generative AI to Transform Business Processes and Deliver Real-Time Insights, Driving Cloud ERP Market.

The global electronic processing industry ERP system market size was valued at USD 12.14 billion in 2021 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.6% from 2023 to 2030. The rising demand for automated and integrated business processes, growing adoption of cloud-based ERP solutions, and increasing globalization and supply chain complexities are driving market expansion. Moreover, the need to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction is propelling the adoption of ERP systems. The market is segmented by type (cloud-based, on-premise) and application (manufacturer, distributor). Cloud-based ERP systems are gaining popularity due to their scalability, flexibility, and lower upfront investment costs. Manufacturers are the primary users of ERP systems, as they require robust solutions to manage complex production processes, supply chains, and inventory. Distributors also rely on ERP systems to improve their distribution networks, optimize inventory management, and enhance customer service. Key players in the market include SAP, Epicor, Sage, NetSuite (Oracle), Microsoft, Infor, IFS, Syspro, Acumatica, Deskera, Kingdee, Vormittag Associates, Exact, Rootstock Software, Blue Link, and Yonyou. Regional analysis indicates that North America and Europe are dominant markets, followed by Asia Pacific and the Middle East & Africa. The market is expected to witness significant growth in developing regions as businesses adopt ERP systems to improve their operations and gain a competitive edge.

EEG data was recorded while 80 participants passively viewed 120 emotion eliciting IAPS images. We selected 20 disgust and 20 sadness eliciting images (validation experiment included) that were indistinguishable by SVM classification on their normative valence and arousal ratings (classification script included). We performed cluster based ERP analyses (script included) and single-trial SVM classification based on the whole scalp 1 second EEG patterns (script included). Additional documentation and metadata can be found in the files Data Report.pdf, Metadata.pdf and Code Book.pdf.

The Cloud ERP Market Report is Segmented by Component (Solutions, Services), by Deployment (Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud), by Enterprises (Large Enterprises, Medium and Small Enterprises), by Function (Finance and Accounting, Sales and Marketing, Human Resources, Other Functions), by End-User (BFSI, IT and Telecom, Government, Retail and E-Commerce, Healthcare, Other End-Users), by Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa). The Market Sizes and Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD) for all the Above Segments.

The U.S. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software Market size was valued at USD 12.06 USD Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 15.45 USD Billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 3.6 % during the forecast period. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a type of software system that helps organisations automate and manage core business processes for optimal performance. ERP software coordinates the flow of data between a company’s business processes, providing a single source of truth and streamlining operations across the enterprise. It’s capable of linking a company’s financials, supply chain, operations, commerce, reporting, manufacturing, and human resources activities on one platform. ERP systems tie together a multitude of business processes and enable the flow of data between them. By collecting an organization’s shared transactional data from multiple sources, ERP systems eliminate data duplication and provide data integrity with a single source of truth. The U.S. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software Market is driven by the increasing demand of organizations to move their IT infrastructure to the cloud, providing cost savings, scalability, and flexibility. Cloud-based ERP systems allow organizations to access their data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection. Recent developments include: Increasing investment in research and development Strategic partnerships and acquisitions Expanding product portfolios Focus on industry-specific solutions. Key drivers for this market are: Increased Number of Relevant Partnerships and Collaborations to Achieve Advancements in Artificial Intelligence Technology. Potential restraints include: Integration with Legacy Systems to Impede the Growth. Notable trends are: Growing Implementation of Touch-based and Voice-based Infotainment Systems to Increase Adoption of Intelligent Cars.

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Enterprise Resource Planning Software Market Size 2025-2029

The enterprise resource planning software market size is forecast to increase by USD 37.66 billion at a CAGR of 10.7% between 2024 and 2029.

The global enterprise resource planning (ERP) software market is driven by increasing demand for streamlined business processes and advancements in cloud technology. Key factors include a shift toward integrated systems as companies seek operational efficiency, alongside innovations like AI-enhanced ERP solutions that improve decision-making. 
This report provides a detailed look at market size, growth forecasts through 2029, and key segments such as cloud ERP and on-premise ERP, offering practical insights for refining strategies, engaging clients, and optimizing operations. It highlights the trend of mobile ERP access as a game-changer for real-time management, while addressing challenges like high implementation costs that can deter adoption. For businesses aiming to stay competitive in the global ERP software market, this report delivers essential data and analysis to leverage emerging opportunities and tackle operational hurdles effectively.

What will be the Size of the Enterprise Resource Planning Software Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses a range of integrated applications that help organizations manage and streamline business processes, including supplier-relationship management, customer-relationship management, financial systems, and manufacturing operations. This market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for productivity improvements, real-time decision-making, and adaptability in an ever-changing business landscape. Cloud-based ERP platforms are gaining popularity for their mobility and flexibility, enabling teams to work remotely and collaborate effectively. Customer-centric strategies are driving the need for more advanced CRM capabilities, while new product lines and entry into new markets necessitate organizational structure changes. ERP systems are essential for large enterprises and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) alike, providing control, customization capabilities, and effective communication across regional operations.
New trends include mobile-friendly solutions, contactless transactions, and the integration of manufacturing processes. Despite the benefits, ERP implementations can be costly and require substantial IT budgets. However, the high cost is offset by the potential for increased efficiency, productivity, and improved workflows. The market is expected to continue evolving, with a focus on real-time data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to enhance business processes and drive growth.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software has become a crucial component for businesses seeking to streamline their operations and gain valuable business insights. The market is witnessing significant growth due to the increased operational efficiency gained from implementing ERP solutions. Furthermore, the integration of data analytics capabilities within ERP systems is driving business intelligence and enabling data-driven decision-making. Cloud ERP software is gaining popularity due to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness, allowing businesses to access their critical business information from anywhere, at any time. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) modules embedded in ERP software are enhancing customer engagement and optimizing supply chain operations, respectively.

How is this Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The ERP software industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.TypeCloud-basedOn-premisesEnd-userManufacturingBFSIHealthcareIT and telecomOthersBusiness SegmentFinance & AccountingHuman Resources (HR)Supply Chain Management (SCM)Customer Relationship Management (CRM)OthersGeographyNorth AmericaUSCanadaEuropeFranceGermanyItalySpainUKAPACChinaIndiaJapanMiddle East and AfricaSouth America

By Type Insights

The cloud-based segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The global ERP software market is experiencing significant growth, particularly in the cloud-based segment. Cloud-based ERP platforms have gained popularity due to their ability to offer real-time decision-making capabilities, mobility, and flexibility. These solutions enable effective communication and coordination among departments and employees, regardless of their location or device. ERP systems integrate various applications such as customer relationship management (CRM), supplier relationship management (SRM), financial systems, and inventor

The global ERP System with AI market size is expected to grow from USD XXX million in 2025 to USD XXX million by 2033, at a CAGR of XX%. The market growth is attributed to increasing adoption of AI technologies in various industries, rising demand for real-time data analytics, and growing need for automated decision-making. Key market drivers include increasing adoption of AI-powered ERP systems for enhanced operational efficiency, improved customer service, and reduced costs. The market is segmented by type (predictive analytics, chatbot-enabled, automated decision-making, and others) and application (large enterprise and SMEs). Large enterprises are expected to hold the largest market share due to the high adoption rate of ERP systems. North America is expected to dominate the market throughout the forecast period, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. Key industry players include Oracle, Infor, Epicor Kinetic, IFS, Global Shop Solutions, Cetec ERP, Dassault Systems (Enterprise IQ), EOXS, Aptean, Microsoft Dynamics, RealSTEEL, Sage, SAP, SYSPRO, and others. These companies offer a range of ERP solutions embedded with AI capabilities to meet the evolving needs of businesses. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems are mission-critical software applications that integrate and automate various business processes across an organization. In recent years, AI (Artificial Intelligence) has emerged as a transformative force in the ERP landscape, enabling businesses to gain new levels of efficiency, accuracy, and insights.

[233+ Pages Report] The global ERP software market size is expected to grow from USD 53.77 billion in 2022 to USD 123.42 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 11.1% from 2023-2030

The global ERP solutions market size was valued at USD 39.8 billion in 2022 and is projected to grow from USD 48.2 billion in 2023 to USD 89.7 billion by 2030, exhibiting a CAGR of 8.4% during the forecast period. The market growth is attributed to the increasing adoption of digital technologies, the need to improve operational efficiency, and the growing complexity of business processes. The rising demand for real-time data and analytics, coupled with the growing popularity of cloud-based ERP solutions, is further driving market growth. Key market players include INFOR, Epicor Software Corp, Microsoft Corp, NetSuite Inc, Oracle Corp, SAP AG, Aplicor LLC, ACUMATICA, DELTEK INC, FinancialForce.com Inc, Intacct Corp, Plex Systems Inc, QAD Inc, Ramco Systems Ltd, Sage Software Inc, RootStock Software, and Workday Inc. The market is segmented based on application, type, and region. By application, the market is divided into production enterprise, service-oriented businesses, and nonprofit organizations. The production enterprise segment accounted for a significant market share in 2022 and is projected to continue its dominance during the forecast period. By type, the market is categorized into inventory management, sales forecasting, purchasing, and material requirement planning. The inventory management segment held the largest market share in 2022 and is expected to continue to lead the market during the forecast period. Regionally, the market is analyzed across North America, South America, Europe, the Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific. North America held the largest market share in 2022 and is expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. The Asia Pacific region is projected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period due to the increasing adoption of digital technologies and the growing number of small and medium-sized enterprises.

The global food and beverage ERP systems market size was valued at USD 634 million in 2025 and is projected to grow from USD 738 million in 2023 to USD 2,000 million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 12.5% during the forecast period. The market growth is primarily driven by the increasing need for efficient inventory management, supply chain optimization, and improved customer service in the food and beverage industry. Moreover, factors such as the growing adoption of cloud-based ERP systems, advancements in technology, and increasing government regulations on food safety and quality are further contributing to market expansion. The market is segmented into type and application. Based on type, the on-premises segment accounted for the largest market share in 2025 and is expected to retain its dominance throughout the forecast period. However, the cloud-based segment is anticipated to witness significant growth owing to its cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and scalability. Furthermore, the large enterprises segment dominated the market in 2025 and is projected to continue its dominance during the forecast period. However, the SME segment is expected to grow at a faster pace due to the increasing adoption of ERP systems by small and medium-sized businesses to streamline their operations and improve efficiency.

The global ERP System Services market is projected to reach a value of $55,010 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 12.4% from 2025 to 2033. The rising adoption of cloud-based ERP systems, the growing need for real-time data and analytics, and the increasing complexity of business processes are the key drivers of market growth. North America is expected to dominate the ERP System Services market throughout the forecast period, owing to the presence of a large number of established enterprises and the early adoption of advanced technologies. The Asia Pacific region is projected to witness the highest growth rate due to the rapidly growing economies, the increasing adoption of digital technologies, and the expanding manufacturing sector. Major players in the market include Deloitte, EY, KPMG, BearingPoint, Dimensys, McKinsey & Company, convedo, Cordence Worldwide, Horvath & Partners, and LanciaConsult. These companies offer a wide range of ERP services, including implementation, consulting, maintenance, and support.

Global Enterprise Resource Planning Software Market Size and Forecast

Global Enterprise Resource Planning Software market size was valued at USD 45.7 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 79.25 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 7.86% from 2024 to 2031.

Global Enterprise Resource Planning Software Market Drivers

Increased Business Complexity: As businesses expand and become more complex, they need integrated systems to manage their operations efficiently.

Need for Real-Time Data: ERP systems provide real-time access to data, enabling businesses to make informed decisions quickly.

Improved Efficiency and Productivity: By streamlining processes and automating tasks, ERP software can enhance operational efficiency and productivity.

Global Enterprise Resource Planning Software Market Restraints

High Implementation Costs: Implementing an ERP system can be expensive due to the need for hardware, software, customization, and training.

Complex Implementation Process: Implementing an ERP system can be complex and time-consuming, requiring careful planning and execution.

The Healthcare ERP Market is Segmented by Type (Cloud ERP, On-premise ERP, and Hybrid ERP), Offering (Software and Services), Applications (Fiscal Management, Supply Chain Management, Human Capital Management, Inventory and Material Management, and Other Applications), End-User (Hospitals, Clinics, Private Healthcare Institutions, and Other End-Users) and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa, and South America). The report offers the value (in USD) for the above segments.