As part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Sea Level Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project, a number of oceanic indicators of mean sea level changes have been produced from merging satellite altimetry measurements of sea level anomalies. The oceanic indicators dataset consists of static files covering the whole altimeter period, describing the evolution of the project's monthly sea level anomaly gridded product (see separate dataset record).The oceanic indicators that are provided are: 1) the temporal evolution of the global Mean Sea Level (MSL) DOI: 10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-IND_MSL_MERGED-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612 ;2) the geographic distribution of Mean Sea Level changes (MSLTR) DOI: 10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-IND_MSLTR_MERGED-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612 ;3) Maps of the amplitude and phase of the annual cycle (MSLAMPH) DOI: 10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-IND_MSLAMPH_MERGED-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612.The complete collection of v2.0 products from the Sea Level CCI project can be referenced using the following DOI: 10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612.When using or referring to the SL_cci products, please mention the associated DOIs and also use the following citation where a detailed description of the SL_cci project and products can be found:Ablain, M., Cazenave, A., Larnicol, G., Balmaseda, M., Cipollini, P., Faugère, Y., Fernandes, M. J., Henry, O., Johannessen, J. A., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O., Legeais, J., Meyssignac, B., Picot, N., Roca, M., Rudenko, S., Scharffenberg, M. G., Stammer, D., Timms, G., and Benveniste, J.: Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993–2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project, Ocean Sci., 11, 67-82, doi:10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015.For further information on the Sea Level CCI products, and to register for these products please email: info-sealevel@esa-sealevel-cci.org

This dataset contains 17-year-long (June 2002 to May 2018 ), high-resolution (20 Hz), along-track sea level dataset in coastal zones of six regions: Mediterranean Sea, Northeast Atlantic, West Africa, North Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and Australia. Up to now, satellite altimetry has provided global gridded sea level time series up to 10-15 km from the coast only, preventing the estimation of how sea level changes very close to the coast on interannual to decadal time scales.

This dataset has been derived from the ESA SL_cci+ v1.1 dataset of coastal sea level anomalies (also available in the catalogue, DOI:10.5270/esa-sl_cci-xtrack_ales_sla-200206_201805-v1.1-202005), which is based on the reprocessing of raw radar altimetry waveforms from the Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 satellite missions to derive satellite-sea surface ranges as close as possible to the coast (a process called ‘retracking’) and optimization of the geophysical corrections applied to the range measurements to produce sea level time series. This large amount of coastal sea level estimates has been further analysed to produce the present dataset: it consists in a selection of 429 portions of satellite tracks crossing land for which valid sea level time series are provided at monthly interval together with the associated sea level trends over the 17-year time span at each along-track 20-Hz point, from 20 km offshore to the coast.

The main objective of this dataset is to analyze the sea level trends close to the coast and compare them with the sea level trends observed in the open ocean and to determine the causes of the potential differences.

The product has been developed within the sea level project of the extension phase of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (SL_cci+). See 'The Climate Change Coastal Sea Level Team (2020). Sea level anomalies and associated trends estimated from altimetry from 2002 to 2018 at selected coastal sites. Scientific Data (Nature), in press'.

This dataset has a DOI: https://doi.org/10.17882/74354

As part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Sea Level Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project, a multi-satellite merged time series of monthly gridded Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) has been produced from satellite altimeter measurements. The Sea Level Anomaly grids have been calculated after merging the altimetry mission measurements together into monthly grids, with a spatial resolution of 0.25 degrees. This version of the product is Version 2.0. The following DOI can be used to reference the monthly Sea Level Anomaly product: DOI: 10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-MSLA-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612The complete collection of v2.0 products from the Sea Level CCI project can be referenced using the following DOI: 10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612When using or referring to the Sea Level cci products, please mention the associated DOIs and also use the following citation where a detailed description of the Sea Level_cci project and products can be found:Ablain, M., Cazenave, A., Larnicol, G., Balmaseda, M., Cipollini, P., Faugère, Y., Fernandes, M. J., Henry, O., Johannessen, J. A., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O., Legeais, J., Meyssignac, B., Picot, N., Roca, M., Rudenko, S., Scharffenberg, M. G., Stammer, D., Timms, G., and Benveniste, J.: Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993–2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project, Ocean Sci., 11, 67-82, doi:10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015.For further information on the Sea Level CCI products, and to register for these projects please email: info-sealevel@esa-sealevel-cci.org

This dataset contains a regional coastline profile of Vertical Land Motions in Europe and SE Asia/Oceania produced as part of the ESA Climate Change Initiative Sea Level project.

Vertical Land Motions have been estimated as the difference between the altimeter coastal sea level v1.1 dataset (available from https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/222cf11f49a94d2da8a6da239df2efc4 ) and tide gauge measurements from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PMSML) network. Spatial interpolation has allowed the production of a regularly spaced coastline profile of vertical land movements together with their uncertainties.

The altimeter input data are from the Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 missions during the period Jan. 2002 - May 2018.

This dataset contains high latitude sea level anomalies produced by DTU (Technical University of Denmark) and TUM (Technical University of Munich) as part of the ESA Sea Level CCI (Climate Change Initiative) project, covering both the Arctic and Antarctic regions.The data comprises weekly means from August 1991 to April 2017 and has been obtained using satellite altimetry data from four satellite missions: ERS1 (weeks 0 - 217); ERS2 (weeks 218 - 573); Envisat (weeks 574 - 1020); CryoSat-2 (weeks 1021 - 1336).Two datasets are available: dataset #1 is based on the ALES+ retracking without correction of the inverse barometer whereas dataset #2 has been corrected for this effect.Dataset #1 is provided both 'masked' and 'unmasked', where the masked data have been masked using sea ice concentrations downloaded from osisaf.met.no/p/ice. Dataset #2 is provided both 'masked' and 'unmasked', where the masked data have had data points retrieved over land removed from the files.

This dataset contains a 17-year-long (January 2002 to December 2019 ), high-resolution (20 Hz), along-track sea level dataset in coastal zones of: Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, whole African continent, North Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia, Australia and North and South America. Up to now, satellite altimetry has provided global gridded sea level time series up to 10-15 km from the coast only, preventing the estimation of how sea level changes very close to the coast on interannual to decadal time scales.

This dataset has been derived from a new version of the ESA SL_cci+ dataset of coastal sea level anomalies which is based on the reprocessing of raw radar altimetry waveforms from the Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 satellite missions to derive satellite-sea surface ranges as close as possible to the coast (a process called ‘retracking’) and optimization of the geophysical corrections applied to the range measurements to produce sea level time series.

This large amount of coastal sea level estimates has been further analysed to produce the present dataset: a total of 756 altimetry-based virtual coastal stations have been selected and sea level anomalies time series together with associated coastal sea level trends have been computed over the study time span.

The main objective of this dataset is to analyze the sea level trends close to the coast and compare them with the sea level trends observed in the open ocean and to determine the causes of the potential differences.

The product has been developed within the sea level project of the extension phase of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (SL_cci+). See 'The Climate Change Coastal Sea Level Team (2020). Sea level anomalies and associated trends estimated from altimetry from 2002 to 2018 at selected coastal sites. Scientific Data (Nature), in press'.

This dataset is v2.2 of the data and is a copy of the v2.2 data published on the SEANOE (SEA scieNtific Open data Edition) website (https://doi.org/10.17882/74354#98856).

The dataset should be cited as: Cazenave Anny, Gouzenes Yvan, Birol Florence, Legér Fabien, Passaro Marcello, Calafat Francisco M, Shaw Andrew, Niño Fernando, Legeais Jean François, Oelsmann Julius, Benveniste Jérôme (2022). New network of virtual altimetry stations for measuring sea level along the world coastlines. SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/74354

In addition,it would be appreciated that the following work(s) be cited too, when using this dataset in a publication :

• Cazenave Anny, Gouzenes Yvan, Birol Florence, Leger Fabien, Passaro Marcello, Calafat Francisco M., Shaw Andrew, Nino Fernando, Legeais Jean François, Oelsmann Julius, Restano Marco, Benveniste Jérôme (2022). Sea level along the world’s coastlines can be measured by a network of virtual altimetry stations. Communications Earth & Environment, 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00448-z

• Benveniste Jérôme, Birol Florence, Calafat Francisco, Cazenave Anny, Dieng Habib, Gouzenes Yvan, Legeais Jean François, Léger Fabien, Niño Fernando, Passaro Marcello, Schwatke Christian, Shaw Andrew (2020). Coastal sea level anomalies and associated trends from Jason satellite altimetry over 2002–2018. Scientific Data, 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00694-w

This dataset contains estimations of Arctic sea level anomalies produced by the ESA Sea Level Climate Change Initiative project (Sea_level_cci), based on satellite altimetry from the ENVISAT and SARAL/Altika satellites. It has been produced by Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS) and the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML).

The retrieval of sea level in the Arctic sea ice covered region requires specific processing steps of the satellite altimetry measurements. For this dataset, a specific radar waveform classification method has been applied based on a neural network approach, and the waveform retracking is based on a new adaptive retracking that is able to process both open ocean and peaky echoes measured in leads without introducing any bias between the two types of surfaces. Editing and mapping processing steps have been optimized for this dataset

This dataset is a compilation of time series, together with uncertainties, of the following elements of the global mean sea level budget and ocean mass budget: (a) global mean sea level (b) the steric contribution to global mean sea level, that is, the effect of ocean water density change, which is dominated, on a global average, by thermal expansion (c) the mass contribution to global mean sea level (d) the global glaciers contribution (excluding Greenland and Antarctica) (e) the Greenland Ice Sheet and Greenland peripheral glaciers contribution (f) the Antarctic Ice Sheet contribution (g) the contribution from changes in land water storage (including snow cover).

The compilation is a result from the Sea-level Budget Closure (SLBC_cci) project conducted in the framework of ESA’s Climate Change Initiative (CCI). It provides assessments of the global mean sea level and ocean mass budgets. Assessment of the global mean sea level budget means to assess how well (a) agrees, within uncertainties, to the sum of (b) and (c) or to the sum of (b), (d), (e), (f) and (g). Assessment of the ocean mass budget means to assess how well (c) agrees to the sum (d), (e), (f) and (g).

All time series are expressed in terms of anomalies (in millimetres of equivalent global mean sea level) with respect to the mean value over the 10-year reference period 2006-2015. The temporal resolution is monthly. The temporal range is from January 1993 to December 2016. Some time series do not cover this full temporal range. All time series are complete over the temporal range from January 2003 to August 2016.

For some elements, more than one time series are given, as a result of different assessments from different data sources and methods.

Data and methods underlying the time series are as follows: (a) satellite altimetry analysis by the Sea Level CCI project. (b) a new analysis of Argo drifter data with incorporation of sea surface temperature data; an alternative time series consists in an ensemble mean over previous global mean steric sea level anomaly time series. (c) analysis of monthly global gravity field solutions from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry mission. (d) results from a global glacier model. (e) analysis of satellite radar altimetry over the Greenland Ice Sheet, amended by results from the global glacier model for the Greenland peripheral glaciers; an alternative time series consists of results from GRACE satellite gravimetry. (f) analysis of satellite radar altimetry over the Antarctic Ice Sheet; an alternative time series consists of results from GRACE satellite gravimetry. (g) results from the WaterGAP global hydrological model.

Version 2.2 is an update of the previous Version 2.1. The update concerns the estimates of ocean mass change from GRACE.

This dataset contains along-track sea level anomalies derived from satellite altimetry. Altimeter along-track sea level measurements from the RA2 instrument on ENVISAT and the Altika instrument on SARAL satellite missions have been processed to produce high resolution (20 Hz, corresponding to an along-track distance of ~300m) sea level anomalies, in order to provide long-term homogeneous sea level time series as close to the coast as possible in six different coastal regions (North-East Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Western Africa, North Indian Ocean, South-East Asia and Australia).

The product benefits from the spatial resolution provided by high-rate data, the Adaptive Leading Edge Subwaveform Retracker (ALES) and the post-processing strategy of the along-track (X-TRACK) algorithm, both developed for the processing of coastal altimetry data, as well as the best possible set of geophysical corrections.

The main objective of this product is to provide accurate altimeter Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) time series as close to the coast as possible in order to assess whether the coastal sea level trends experienced at the coast are similar to the observed sea level trends in the open ocean and to determine the causes of the potential discrepancies.

The Envisat and SARAL/AltiKa missions have the same ground track but the temporal gap between both missions prevents from computing reliable trends during the total period between both missions.

This dataset has been produced by the Climate Change Initiative Coastal Sea Level team, within the extension phase of the European Sapce Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative.

ESACCI-SEALEVEL-L4-MSLA-MERGED-19930115000000-fv01. CLIMATE APPLICATIONS: Ananlyses of the Global mean sea level change, ocean circulation, sea level rise, ocean dynamics and processes, model development and validation.. OFFICIAL CITATION: Ablain, M., Cazenave, A., Larnicol, G., Balmaseda, M., Cipollini, P., Faug�??�?¨re, Y., Fernandes, M. J., Henry, O., Johannessen, J. A., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O., Legeais, J., Meyssignac, B., Picot, N., Roca, M., Rudenko, S., Scharffenberg, M. G., Stammer, D., Timms, G., and Benveniste, J.: Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993-2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project, Ocean Sci., 11, 67-82, doi:10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015.

The data set provides GFZ VER13 orbits of altimetry satellites: ERS-1 (August 1, 1991 - July 5, 1996),ERS-2 (May 13, 1995 - February 27, 2006),Envisat (April 12, 2002 - April 8, 2012),TOPEX/Poseidon (September 23, 1992 - October 8, 2005),Jason-1 (January 13, 2002 - July 5, 2013) andJason-2 (July 5, 2008 - April 5, 2015) derived at the time spans given at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Potsdam, Germany) within the Sea Level phase 2 project of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative using "Earth Parameter and Orbit System - Orbit Computation (EPOS-OC)" software (Zhu et al., 2004) and the Altimeter Database and processing System (ADS, http://adsc.gfz-potsdam.de/ads/) developed at GFZ. The orbits were computed in the ITRF2014 terrestrial reference frame for all satellites using common, most precise models and standards available and described below. The ERS-1 orbit is computed using satellite laser ranging (SLR) and altimeter crossover data, while the ERS-2 orbit is derived using additionally Precise Range And Range-rate Equipment (PRARE) measurements. The Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2 orbits are based on Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) and SLR observations. For Envisat, altimeter crossover data were used additionally at 44 of 764 orbital arcs with gaps in SLR and DORIS data. The orbit files are available in the Extended Standard Product 3 Orbit Format (SP3-c). Files are gzip-compressed. File names are given as sate_YYYYMMDD_SP3C.gz, where "sate" is the abbreviation (ENVI, ERS1, ERS2, JAS1, JAS2, TOPX) of the satellite name, YYYY stands for 4-digit year, MM for month and DD for day of the beginning of the file. More details on these orbits are provided in Rudenko et al. (2018) to which these orbits are supplementary material.

The data set provides GFZ VER11 orbits of altimetry satellites ERS-1 (August 1, 1991 - July 5, 1996),ERS-2 (May 13, 1995 - February 27, 2006),Envisat (April 12, 2002 - April 8, 2012),Jason-1 (January 13, 2002 - July 5, 2013) andJason-2 (July 5, 2008 - April 5, 2015)TOPEX/Poseidon (September 23, 1992 - October 8, 2005), derived at the time spans given at Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences within the Sea Level phase 2 project of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative using "Earth Parameter and Orbit System - Orbit Computation (EPOS-OC)" software and the Altimeter Database and processing System (ADS, http://adsc.gfz-potsdam.de/ads/) developed at GFZ. The orbits were computed in the same (ITRF2008) terrestrial reference frame for all satellites using common, most precise models and standards available and described below. The ERS-1 orbit is computed using satellite laser ranging (SLR) and altimeter crossover data, while the ERS-2 orbit is derived using additionally Precise Range And Range-rate Equipment (PRARE) measurements. The Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 orbits are based on Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) and SLR observations. The orbit files are available in the Extended Standard Product 3 Orbit Format (SP3-c, ftp://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/igscb/data/format/sp3c.txt) Files are gzip-compressed. File names are given as sate_YYYYMMDD_SP3C.gz, where "sate" is the abbreviation (ENVI, ERS1, ERS2, JAS1, JAS2, TOPX) of the satellite name, YYYY stands for 4-digit year, MM stands for month and DD stands for day of the beginning of the file. More details on these orbits are provided in Rudenko et al. (2017)