Check out the paper at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03706-1 (published at Nature Scientific Data).

EStreams is an extensive catalog of openly available stream records, along with a dataset of hydro-climatic variables and landscape descriptors for +17,000 European catchments. It spans up to 120 years of records. The catalog provides detailed guidance, enabling users to directly access the sources of streamflow used. Additionally, the dataset comprises catchment-aggregated hydro-climatic indices and signatures, as well as landscape attributes and meteorological records.

Updates

• 30 June 2025: version 1.3
  
  • General:
    • Added the file: "estreams_catchments_hierarchy.csv" file, which defines pairwise hierarchical relationships between sub-catchments and their containing catchments using the "sub_catchment" and "catchment" columns. It can be usefull when making distributed hydrological modelling, and one needs to define the topology of the network. Additionally, the EStreams GitHub page was also updated with the new code for computing and saving such information here. "EStreams/code/python/E_complementary_extra_codes".
  • In the "streamflow_indices/" folder we:
    
    • Updated all indices for all 270 catchments from the Nordrhein-Westfalen region in Germany (basin_id starting with "DENW").
  • In the "hydroclimatic_signatures.csv" file we:
    • Updated all streamflow signatures (not climatic signatures) for all 270 catchments from the Nordrhein-Westfalen region in Germany (basin_id starting with "DENW").

• 11 February 2025: version 1.2
  
  • General:
    • Added the file: "estreams_geologycontinental_attributes.csv", which encompass geological attributes from a European based source: International Hydrogeological Map of Europe (IHME), version 11, downloaded at www.bgr.bund.de, scale: 1:1,500,000. Additionally, the EStreams GitHub page was also updated with the new code.
  • In the "estreams_meteorology_density.csv" file we:
    
    • Replaced "NaN" to "0" in the row of catchment CZ000043.

• 22 October 2024: version 1.1
  
  • In the "estreams_hydrometeo_signatures.csv" file we:
    • Corrected the field "p_seasonality". The function previously provided in the hydroanalysis python package had a mistake, and it is now corrected. Additionally, the EStreams GitHub page and the hydroanalysis GitHub page were now updated with the correct formulation.

• 07 August 2024: version 1.0
  • General:
    • Version of the official paper release.
  • In the "estreams_gauging_stations.csv" file we:
    • Updated the field "nested_catchments" to include also the basin itself, for some cases where the basin was not yet included.

• 15 June 2024: version 0.2
  • General:
    • Added 2,114 new basins: 1,813 in France, 111 in Iceland, 13 in Estonia and 18 in Serbia; exclusion of a total of 31 stations from the previous release due to overlap with the new stations (Serbia and Iceland GRDC).
    • Fix the name of the meteorological variable "mean air pressure at sea level" from "sp_min" to "sp_mean" in all the meteorological time-series files.
    • Inclusion of an appendix folder with licenses information and a further description of the classes names included for land cover and lithology.
    • Fix the name of the monthly streamflow indices from "mothnly" to "monthly".
    • Correction of the name of the static topographical attributes from "estreams_terrain_attributes.csv" to "estreams_topography_attributes.csv".
  • In the "estreams_gauging_stations.csv" file we:
    • Renamed the fields "area", "area_calc" and "area_perc" to respectivelly "area_official", "area_estreams" and "area_rel" for consistency.
    • Added the fields "nested_catchments", "num_days_reliable", "num_days_noflag", "num_days_suspect" and "gauge_flag" were added.
    • Updated the field "gauges_upstream" to include also the basin itself.
  • In the "estreams_streamflow_catalogue.csv" file we:
    • Added the field "download_method".
    • Updated the fields "observations" and "references".
  • In the "estreams_meteorology_coverage.csv" file we:
    • Updated the names of the fields to: stations_num_{p_mean, t_mean, t_min, t_max, sp_mean, rh_mean, ws_mean, swr_mean} and stations_dens_{p_mean, t_mean, t_min, t_max, sp_mean, rh_mean, ws_mean, swr_mean}, as it is presented in the manuscript.

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This dataset provides the data needed to reproduce the results by Brunner et al. 2025, ERL: 'Meteorological and hydrological dry-to-wet transition events are only weakly related over European catchments'. Namely, catchment shapefiles and attributes of 4299 catchments in Europe and extracted hydrologic (floods/droughts) and meteorologic extreme events (wet and dry spells) as well as their transitions. It relies on a large-sample dataset of daily hydrological observations and catchment shapefiles compiled for 24 countries in Europe by collecting data from national agencies and existing large-sample datasets including the Global Runoff Database (GRDC, 2019), EStreams (Nascimento et al. 2024), and two datasets from the Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies (CAMELS; Addor et al. 2017) suite, namely, CAMELS-CH (Höge et al. 2023) and CAMELS-DE (Loritz et al. 2024) (see Table 1 in the Supplementary Information for an overview and data sources).

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