Ethereum's price history suggests that that crypto was worth more in 2025 than during late 2021, although nowhere near the highest price recorded. Much like Bitcoin (BTC), the price of ETH went up in 2021 but for different reasons altogether: Ethereum, for instance, hit the news when a digital art piece was sold as the world's most expensive NFT for over 38,000 ETH - or 69.3 million U.S. dollars. Unlike Bitcoin, of which the price growth was fueled by the IPO of the U.S.'s biggest crypto trader, Coinbase, the rally on Ethereum came from technological developments that caused much excitement among traders. First, the so-called 'Berlin update' rolled out on the Ethereum network in April 2021, an update that would eventually lead to the Ethereum Merge in 2022 and reduced ETH gas prices - or reduced transaction fees. The collapse of FTX in late 2022, however, changed much for the cryptocurrency. As of October 9, 2025, Ethereum was worth 4,527.58 U.S. dollars - significantly less than the 4,400 U.S. dollars by the end of 2021.Ethereum's future and the DeFi industryPrice developments on Ethereum are difficult to predict but cannot be seen without the world of DeFi, or decentralized finance. This industry used technology to remove intermediaries between parties in a financial transaction. One example includes crypto wallets such as Coinbase Wallet that grew in popularity recently, with other examples including smart contractor Uniswap, Maker (responsible for stablecoin DAI), moneylender Dharma and market protocol Compound. Ethereum's future developments are tied with this industry: Unlike Bitcoin and Ripple, Ethereum is technically not a currency but an open-source software platform for blockchain applications, with Ether being the cryptocurrency that is used inside the Ethereum network. Essentially, Ethereum facilitates DeFi, meaning that if DeFi does well, so does Ethereum.NFTs: the most well-known application of EthereumNFTs or non-fungible tokens, grew nearly tenfold between 2018 and 2020, as can be seen in the market cap of NFTs worldwide. These digital blockchain assets can essentially function as a unique code connected to a digital file, allowing to distinguish the original file from any potential copies. This application is especially prominent in crypto art, although there are other applications: gaming, sports, and collectibles are other segments where NFT sales occur.

In April 2021, the Ethereum market cap reached new heights and grew to over *** billion U.S. dollars - the first time this cryptocurrency achieved that feat. The market capitalization in August 2020 was half this amount. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the total number of Ethereum in circulation by the Ethereum price. Compared to the Bitcoin market capitalization, however, Ethereum was not yet as popular.

The dominance of Ethereum (ETH) increased over the course of 2021 - after an initial decline - but was not as high as it was back in 2017. Within the crypto world, this so-called "dominance" ratio is one of the oldest and most investigated metrices available. It measures the coin's market cap relative to the overall crypto market - for instance, it shows how strong Bitcoin is compared to all the other cryptocurrencies that are not BTC, called "altcoins". In the case of Ethereum, the dominance somewhat reveals how often it is used for smart contracts and whether it is a popular blockchain for Decentralized Finance (DeFi) applications.

Ethereum market sentiment was bullish in April and May 2021, as is shown in the development of the cryptocurrency's NVT ratio. The Network Value to Transactions or NVT ratio is somewhat comparable to a P/E ratio, in that it compares the number of transactions of a particular coin on a set day against that coin's market cap. A low NVT ratio means that that transaction volume of a cryptocurrency is growing faster than the coin's market cap - meaning investor sentiment is bullish, or optimistic - whereas a high ratio refers to a network that has a relatively high network value but low network activity - meaning sentiment is bearish, or negative.

View daily updates and historical trends for Ethereum Market Cap. Source: Etherscan. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

View daily updates and historical trends for Ethereum Average Gas Price. Source: Etherscan. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

Ethereum's price history suggests that that crypto was worth more in 2025 than during late 2021, although nowhere near the highest price recorded. Much like Bitcoin (BTC), the price of ETH went up in 2021 but for different reasons altogether: Ethereum, for instance, hit the news when a digital art piece was sold as the world's most expensive NFT for over 38,000 ETH - or 69.3 million U.S. dollars. Unlike Bitcoin, of which the price growth was fueled by the IPO of the U.S.'s biggest crypto trader, Coinbase, the rally on Ethereum came from technological developments that caused much excitement among traders. First, the so-called 'Berlin update' rolled out on the Ethereum network in April 2021, an update that would eventually lead to the Ethereum Merge in 2022 and reduced ETH gas prices - or reduced transaction fees. The collapse of FTX in late 2022, however, changed much for the cryptocurrency. As of October 15, 2025, Ethereum was worth 4,128.89 U.S. dollars - significantly less than the 4,400 U.S. dollars by the end of 2021.Ethereum's future and the DeFi industryPrice developments on Ethereum are difficult to predict but cannot be seen without the world of DeFi, or decentralized finance. This industry used technology to remove intermediaries between parties in a financial transaction. One example includes crypto wallets such as Coinbase Wallet that grew in popularity recently, with other examples including smart contractor Uniswap, Maker (responsible for stablecoin DAI), moneylender Dharma and market protocol Compound. Ethereum's future developments are tied with this industry: Unlike Bitcoin and Ripple, Ethereum is technically not a currency but an open-source software platform for blockchain applications, with Ether being the cryptocurrency that is used inside the Ethereum network. Essentially, Ethereum facilitates DeFi, meaning that if DeFi does well, so does Ethereum.NFTs: the most well-known application of EthereumNFTs or non-fungible tokens, grew nearly tenfold between 2018 and 2020, as can be seen in the market cap of NFTs worldwide. These digital blockchain assets can essentially function as a unique code connected to a digital file, allowing to distinguish the original file from any potential copies. This application is especially prominent in crypto art, although there are other applications: gaming, sports, and collectibles are other segments where NFT sales occur.

By March 2022, over 119 million Ethereum tokens were issued and in active circulation - but it is expected new coins will not arrive at a fast pace. Although the cryptocurrency has an unlimited supply - unlike Bitcoin, of which there can only be 21 million tokens and not a single more - the Ethereum blockchain received an update in August 2021, EIP-1559, that both increased the block size needed to create new coins and destroyed (“burned”) any transactions fees, rather than send them to the original miners. This led to a decline in issuance, as mining Ethereum essentially was made less profitable. Issuance is expected to decline further when Ethereum 2.0 arrives.

Ethereum: a counter to inflation?

In a time when inflation rates became a big talking point, Ethereum received much social media attention in late 2021 for possibly being deflationary. This argument stems from August 2021, or “London Hard Fork”, upgrade in August 2021: Each transaction on the Ethereum network would entirely remove a portion of Ethereum from the total supply in circulation. On days of high transaction activity of Ethereum, for example, after a change in the price of Ethereum, this can effectively mean more coins are being destroyed than there are being created.

Ethereum supply to change after the upgrade to 2.0?

Experts state burning on a scale that the supply of Ethereum declines only happens on occasion, stating it acts more as a temporary slowdown of growth rather than an active attempt to continuously shrink supply. This could change, however, when Ethereum 2.0 arrives – or when Ethereum switches from Proof-of-Work (PoW) to Proof-of-Stake (PoS). The general assumption for this is that staking rewards are generally lower than rewards for Proof-of-Work (mining), lowering the incentive for the creation of new coins. If usage – which some measure via the Ethereum gas price, or transaction fee per transaction – remains unchanged otherwise, this would lower the threshold for Ethereum to become deflationary.

View daily updates and historical trends for Ethereum Supply. Source: Etherscan. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

The price of an Ethereum sister project aimed at preserving the cryptocurrency's old mining network decreased significantly in September 2022. The fork - a change to a blockchain's code - occurred in the build-up towards the Ethereum Merge that month, when Ethereum (ETH) changed from proof-of-work (mining) to proof-of-stake (staking). This change had the potential to impact both the transaction speed as well as the energy consumption of the Ethereum blockchain. Some of the network's former miners, though, planned to keep the old system running in a project called EthereumPOW (ETHW). Analysts observed the initial launch of ETHW was marred with both technical problems as well as competition from Ethereum Classic (ETC) - an older version of ETH.

🟦 What this is Canonical dataset of stablecoin prices and liquidity across major decentralized exchanges. Each record represents a normalized, lineage-verified stablecoin-to-reference pair (e.g. USDC/USDT, DAI/USDC, USDC/ETH), aggregated from DEX-level swaps, reserves, and pool states. It provides consistent and auditable views of USD peg stability, cross-chain parity, and on-chain liquidity depth.

Key traits • Focused on USD and major fiat-pegged tokens (USDC, USDT, DAI, FRAX, LUSD, crvUSD, etc.) • Schema-stable, versioned, and audit-ready • Real-time (WSS) and historical/EOD delivery • Fully traceable to pool events, swaps, and on-chain logs

🌐 Chains / Coverage ETH, BSC, Base, Arbitrum, Unichain, Avalanche, Polygon, Celo, Linea, Optimism (others on request). Full history from chain genesis; reorg-aware real-time ingestion and updates. Coverage includes all major DEX protocols holding stablecoin pairs: • Uniswap V2, V3, V4 • Curve, Balancer, Aerodrome, Solidly, Maverick, Pancake, and others

📑 Schema (generic model) Each sub-product extends this base schema with specific price-resolution fields. • id BIGINT – Surrogate row id. • pool_uid BIGINT NOT NULL – Pool identifier (FK → liquidity_pools(uid)). • tracing_id BYTEA NOT NULL – Row identity hash. • parent_tracing_ids BYTEA NOT NULL – Immediate sources (hash list/packed). • genesis_tracing_ids BYTEA NOT NULL – Original on-chain sources (hash list/packed). • genesis_block_number BIGINT NOT NULL – Block number at snapshot. • genesis_tx_index INTEGER NOT NULL – Transaction index within block. • genesis_log_index INTEGER NOT NULL – Log index within tx. • token_in BYTEA NOT NULL – 20-byte address of input token (FK → erc20_tokens(contract_address)). • token_out BYTEA NOT NULL – 20-byte address of output token (FK → erc20_tokens(contract_address)). • current_price NUMERIC(78,18) NOT NULL – Mid price at snapshot (token_out per 1 token_in, decimals-adjusted). • Additional columns depend on level: • L1: ±1% impact, offset_bps, size_in, size_out, target_price. • L2: granular price grids (e.g., every 10 bps within ±10%). • L3: full-range tick-level prices across entire Uniswap V3-style pools. • OHLC: time-bucketed open-high-low-close values with volume.

(For hex display: encode(token_in,'hex'), encode(token_out,'hex').)

🔑 Keys • Primary key: id • Uniqueness (idempotency): (pool_uid, token_in, token_out, offset_bps, genesis_block_number, genesis_tx_index, genesis_log_index) • Foreign keys: • pool_uid → liquidity_pools(uid) • token_in/token_out → erc20_tokens(contract_address) • (genesis_block_number, genesis_tx_index, genesis_log_index) → logs(block_number, tx_index, log_index)

🔗 Joins to Dependency Products • Liquidity Pools Catalog (liquidity_pools) - pool metadata, pool_fee, pool_type, token list; pool_uid ↔ liquidity_pools(uid) • ERC-20 Tokens Catalog (erc20_tokens) - symbol, decimals, names. token_in/token_out ↔ erc20_tokens(contract_address)

🧬 Lineage & Reproducibility Every row has a verifiable path back to the originating raw events via the lineage triple and tracing graph: • tracing_id - this row’s identity • parent_tracing_ids - immediate sources • genesis_tracing_ids - original on-chain sources This supports audits and exact reprocessing to source transactions/logs/function calls.

📈 Common uses • Stablecoin peg monitoring and deviation analysis across chains • Liquidity-weighted cross-chain parity tracking • Arbitrage and routing research between USD-pegged assets • Volatility and stability modeling for quantitative trading or DeFi risk • AI/ML signal extraction for anomaly detection and peg loss prediction

🚚 Delivery By default • WebSocket (WSS) reorg-aware live emissions when a new update is available; <140 ms median latency on ETH streams (7-day). • SFTP server for archives and daily End-of-Day (EOD) snapshots. • Model Context Protocol (MCP) for AI workflows (pull slices, schemas, lineage). Optional • Integrations to Amazon S3, Azure Blob Storage, Snowflake, and other enterprise platforms on request.

🗂️ Files (time-partitioned in UTC, compressed) • Parquet • CSV • XLS • JSON

💡 Quality and operations • Reorg-aware ingestion. • 99.95% uptime target SLA. • Backfills to chain genesis. • Versioned, schema-stable datasets; changes are additive and announced.

🔄 Change policy Schema is stable. Any breaking change ships as a new version (e.g., stablecoin_prices_v2) with migration notes. Content updates are additive; types aren’t changed in place.

🔗 Sub-products • Stablecoins Prices L1 Impact Grid - ±1.00% depth metrics per token pair and pool (micro-liquidity). • Stablecoins Prices L2 Liquidity Grid - ±10% granular impact curve at 10 bps steps. • Stablecoins Prices L3 Full-Range Tick Grid - tick-level liquidity mapping for Uniswap V3-style pools. • Stablecoins Prices OHLC / Aggregated Prices - time-series summaries for analytics and backtesting.

Context

In the last few days, I have been hearing a lot of buzz around cryptocurrencies. Things like Block chain, Bitcoin, Bitcoin cash, Ethereum, Ripple etc are constantly coming in the news articles I read. So I wanted to understand more about it and this post helped me get started. Once the basics are done, the DS guy sleeping inside me (always lazy.!) woke up and started raising questions like

1. How many such cryptocurrencies are there and what are their prices and valuations?
2. Why is there a sudden surge in the interest in recent days? Is it due to the increase in the price in the last few days? etc.

For getting answers to all these questions (and if possible to predict the future prices ;)), I started getting the data from coinmarketcap about the cryptocurrencies.

Content

This dataset has the historical price information of some of the top cryptocurrencies by market capitalization. The currencies included are

• Bitcoin
• Ethereum
• Ripple
• Bitcoin cash
• Bitconnect
• Dash
• Ethereum Classic
• Iota
• Litecoin
• Monero
• Nem
• Neo
• Numeraire
• Stratis
• Waves

In case if you are interested in the prices of some other currencies, please post in comments section and I will try to add them in the next version. I am planning to revise it once in a week.

Dataset has one csv file for each currency. Price history is available on a daily basis from April 28, 2013 till Aug 07, 2017. The columns in the csv file are

• Date : date of observation
• Open : Opening price on the given day
• High : Highest price on the given day
• Low : Lowest price on the given day
• Close : Closing price on the given day
• Volume : Volume of transactions on the given day
• Market Cap : Market capitalization in USD

Acknowledgements

This data is taken from coinmarketcap and it is free to use the data.

Cover Image : Photo by Thomas Malama on Unsplash

Inspiration

Some of the questions which could be inferred from this dataset are:

1. How did the historical prices / market capitalizations of various currencies change over time?
2. Predicting the future price of the currencies
3. Which currencies are more volatile and which ones are more stable?
4. How does the price fluctuations of currencies correlate with each other?
5. Seasonal trend in the price fluctuations

Crypto 24h trading volume declined as 2023 progressed, with figures being ********* lower than in 2022. The decline follows Binance - one of the biggest crypto exchanges in the world - received lawsuits in the United States. Observations are also that the crypto market was quiet after April, citing a lack of a "strong overarching narrative". This contrasts with 2021 and 2022 when cryptocurrency dominated the news and many people sought fortune in the digital currency. Bitcoin developments Bitcoin's trade volume slowed in the second quarter of 2023, after hitting a noticeable growth at the beginning of the year. The coin outperformed most of the market. Some attribute this to the announcement in June 2023 that BlackRock filed for a Bitcoin ETF. This iShares Bitcoin Trust was to use Coinbase Custody as its custodian. Regulators in the United States had not yet approved any applications for spot ETFs on Bitcoin. Changes in Ethereum staking in 2023 Ethereum's trade volume changed in 2023 due to the rollout of the Shapella (Shanghai and Cappella) upgrade. The update allowed investors to withdraw (unstake) Ethereum deposited into the network. Staking can be somewhat compared to depositing money at a bank, where one would submit money to be held and gains interest as time goes by. Lido has the highest staking pool (a platform that allows for staking) in Ethereum, higher than major crypto exchanges Coinbase and Kraken. As of October 1, 2025, the 24h trading volume stands at ******.

🚀 Title: One-Hour High-Frequency Crypto Snapshot – Top 250 Coins, ~75K Ticks

📝 Overview

This dataset captures live market snapshots every 12 seconds for the top 250 cryptocurrencies, all fetched over a one-hour period using the CoinGecko Demo API. Perfect for real-time trend tracking, volatility analysis, and comparison across major coins.

📊 Schema Summary

🎯 Use Cases

• Visualize real-time price evolution for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other major coins
• Compute rolling averages and short-term volatility
• Perform coin-to-coin comparisons (price dynamics, volume trends)
• Explore volume-price correlations, and flag anomaly detection
• Build heatmaps, live dashboards, or time-series models

📌 Attribution & Licensing

Data collected via CoinGecko API—**Data powered by CoinGecko**

View daily updates and historical trends for Ethereum Average Transaction Fee. Source: Etherscan. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

🟦 What this is Comprehensive suite of synthetic, lineage-verified token-to-token pricing datasets built from raw DEX swaps, reserves, and liquidity states. Each level (L1–L3) represents a distinct resolution of price and liquidity impact: from ±1% micro-depth to full-range tick grids. All records are verifiably linked to their on-chain sources and schema-stable across protocols.

Key traits • Multi-resolution (L1–L3) coverage across all major AMMs • Schema-stable, versioned, and audit-ready • Real-time (WSS) and historical/EOD delivery • Verifiable lineage to pools, tokens, and raw logs

🌐 Chains / Coverage ETH, BSC, Base, Arbitrum, Unichain, Avalanche, Polygon, Celo, Linea, Optimism (others on request). Full history from chain genesis; reorg-aware real-time ingestion and updates. Coverage includes: • Uniswap V2, V3, V4 • Balancer V2, PancakeSwap, Solidly, Maverick, Aerodrome, and others

📑 Schema (generic model) Each sub-product extends this base schema with specific price-resolution fields. • id BIGINT – Surrogate row id. • pool_uid BIGINT NOT NULL – Pool identifier (FK → liquidity_pools(uid)). • tracing_id BYTEA NOT NULL – Row identity hash. • parent_tracing_ids BYTEA NOT NULL – Immediate sources (hash list/packed). • genesis_tracing_ids BYTEA NOT NULL – Original on-chain sources (hash list/packed). • genesis_block_number BIGINT NOT NULL – Block number at snapshot. • genesis_tx_index INTEGER NOT NULL – Transaction index within block. • genesis_log_index INTEGER NOT NULL – Log index within tx. • token_in BYTEA NOT NULL – 20-byte address of input token (FK → erc20_tokens(contract_address)). • token_out BYTEA NOT NULL – 20-byte address of output token (FK → erc20_tokens(contract_address)). • current_price NUMERIC(78,18) NOT NULL – Mid price at snapshot (token_out per 1 token_in, decimals-adjusted). • Additional columns depend on level: • L1: ±1% impact, offset_bps, size_in, size_out, target_price. • L2: granular price grids (e.g., every 10 bps within ±10%). • L3: full-range tick-level prices across entire Uniswap V3-style pools. • OHLC: time-bucketed open-high-low-close values with volume.

(For hex display: encode(token_in,'hex'), encode(token_out,'hex').)

🔑 Keys • Primary key: id • Uniqueness (idempotency): (pool_uid, token_in, token_out, offset_bps, genesis_block_number, genesis_tx_index, genesis_log_index) • Foreign keys: • pool_uid → liquidity_pools(uid) • token_in/token_out → erc20_tokens(contract_address) • (genesis_block_number, genesis_tx_index, genesis_log_index) → logs(block_number, tx_index, log_index)

🔗 Joins to Dependency Products • Liquidity Pools Catalog (liquidity_pools) - pool metadata, pool_fee, pool_type, token list; pool_uid ↔ liquidity_pools(uid) • ERC-20 Tokens Catalog (erc20_tokens) - symbol, decimals, names. token_in/token_out ↔ erc20_tokens(contract_address)

🧬 Lineage & Reproducibility Every row has a verifiable path back to the originating raw events via the lineage triple and tracing graph: • tracing_id - this row’s identity • parent_tracing_ids - immediate sources • genesis_tracing_ids - original on-chain sources This supports audits and exact reprocessing to source transactions/logs/function calls.

📈 Common uses • Execution sizing & price impact analysis at micro (L1) and full-range (L3) depth. • Routing and arbitrage detection across chains and pools. • Market structure analytics and slippage modeling. • Backtesting and ML feature generation (depth, liquidity, volatility, impact). • Protocol health monitoring — liquidity degradation, fee sensitivity, depth decay.

🚚 Delivery By default • WebSocket (WSS) reorg-aware live emissions when a new update is available; <140 ms median latency on ETH streams (7-day). • SFTP server for archives and daily End-of-Day (EOD) snapshots. • Model Context Protocol (MCP) for AI workflows (pull slices, schemas, lineage). Optional • Integrations to Amazon S3, Azure Blob Storage, Snowflake, and other enterprise platforms on request.

🗂️ Files (time-partitioned in UTC, compressed) • Parquet • CSV • XLS • JSON

💡 Quality and operations • Reorg-aware ingestion. • 99.95% uptime target SLA. • Backfills to chain genesis. • Versioned, schema-stable datasets; changes are additive and announced.

🔄 Change policy Schema is stable. Any breaking change ships as a new version (e.g., token_to_token_prices_v2) with migration notes. Content updates are additive; types aren’t changed in place.

🔗 Sub-products • L1 Impact Grid - ±1.00% depth metrics per token pair and pool (micro-liquidity). • L2 Liquidity Grid - ±10% granular impact curve at 10 bps steps. • L3 Full-Range Tick Grid - tick-level liquidity mapping for Uniswap V3-style pools. • OHLC / Aggregated Prices - time-series summaries for analytics and backtesting.

The price of Ethereum Classic (ETC) - a different crypto than Ethereum (ETH) - decreased significantly following the Ethereum Merge of September 2022. After years of development, the "original" Ethereum changed from proof-of-work (mining) to proof-of-stake (staking) during this event. This change had the potential to impact both the transaction speed as well as the energy consumption of the Ethereum blockchain. Some miners, however, started looking into Proof-of-Work alternatives were they could continue using their mining rigs - including Ethereum Classic (ETC), but also EthereumPOW (ETHW), and Ravencoin (RVN). The influx caused such a spike in hashrate - the computing power required to successfully mine a crypto - that the price declined.

Context

Real and up to date stock market exchange of cryptocurrencies can be quite expensive and are hard to get. However, historical financial data are the starting point to develop algorithm(s) to analyze market trend and why not beat the market by predicting market movement.

Content

Data provided in this dataset are historical data from the beginning of ETC-ETH pair market on Kraken exchange up to the present (2021 December). This data comes frome real trades on one of the most popular cryptocurrencies exchange.

Trading history

Historical market data, also known as trading history, time and sales or tick data, provides a detailed record of every trade that happens on Kraken exchange, and includes the following information: - Timestamp - The exact date and time of each trade. - Price - The price at which each trade occurred. - Volume - The amount of volume that was traded.

OHLCVT

In addition, OHLCVT data are provided for the most common period interval: 1 min, 5 min, 15 min, 1 hour, 12 hours and 1 day. OHLCVT stands for Open, High, Low, Close, Volume and Trades and represents the following trading information for each time period: - Open - The first traded price - High - The highest traded price - Low - The lowest traded price - Close - The final traded price - Volume - The total volume traded by all trades - Trades - The number of individual trades

Don't hesitate to tell me if you need other period interval 😉 ...

Update

This dataset will be updated every quarter to add new and up to date market trend. Let me know if you need an update more frequently.

Inspiration

Can you beat the market? Let see what you can do with these data!

View daily updates and historical trends for Ethereum Transactions Per Day. Source: Etherscan. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

🟦 What this is The Level-2 (L2) stablecoin liquidity impact dataset provides quantized liquidity grids around the mid-price (typically ±10%) for all major USD-pegged stablecoin pairs. Each row represents a depth snapshot at a defined basis-point spacing (e.g. 10 bps), describing how much stablecoin can be executed before the price deviates by a certain percentage.

These grids allow analysts and developers to model depth curves, slippage, and peg resilience with high precision, fully reproducible from on-chain data.

Key traits • Focused on USD and major fiat-pegged tokens (USDC, USDT, DAI, FRAX, LUSD, crvUSD, etc.) • Schema-stable, versioned, and audit-ready • Real-time (WSS) and historical/EOD delivery • Fully verifiable lineage back to pool events and raw on-chain logs

🌐 Chains / Coverage ETH, BSC, Base, Arbitrum, Unichain, Avalanche, Polygon, Celo, Linea, Optimism (others on request). Full history from chain genesis; reorg-aware real-time ingestion and updates. Coverage includes all major DEX protocols holding stablecoin pairs: • Uniswap V2, V3, V4 • Curve, Balancer, Aerodrome, Solidly, Maverick, Pancake, and others

📑 Schema List reflects the actual table token_to_token_l2_snapshots. • snapshot_id BIGINT - unique identifier for each grid snapshot. • pool_uid BIGINT - reference to the liquidity pool (liquidity_pools.uid). • tracing_id BYTEA - unique trace identifier for this row. • parent_tracing_ids BYTEA - lineage reference to parent records. • genesis_tracing_ids BYTEA - lineage reference to original on-chain sources. • genesis_block_number BIGINT - block number of the originating event. • genesis_tx_index INTEGER - transaction index within that block. • genesis_log_index INTEGER - log index within the transaction. • token_in BYTEA - 20-byte ERC-20 address of the input token. • token_out BYTEA - 20-byte ERC-20 address of the output token. • current_price NUMERIC(78,18) - mid-price (token_out per 1 token_in, decimals-adjusted). • grid_step_bps SMALLINT - spacing between grid points, in basis points. • grid_radius_bps INTEGER - total radius of the grid window, in basis points. • grid_points SMALLINT - number of grid points; must equal radius/step + 1.

token_to_token_l2_points • snapshot_id BIGINT - reference to the parent snapshot (token_to_token_l2_snapshots.snapshot_id). • point_index SMALLINT - sequential index (0 … grid_points − 1). • offset_bps_abs INTEGER - absolute offset from the mid-price, in basis points. • size_in NUMERIC(78,18) - executable input amount required to reach this offset. • size_out NUMERIC(78,18) - corresponding output amount at that offset. • price_at_point NUMERIC(78,18) - average price (out / in) including impact.

(For hex display: encode(token_in,'hex'), encode(token_out,'hex').)

🔑 Keys Primary keys: • token_to_token_l2_snapshots(snapshot_id) • token_to_token_l2_points(snapshot_id, point_index) Lineage triple: (genesis_block_number, genesis_tx_index, genesis_log_index) Foreign keys: • pool_uid → liquidity_pools(uid) • token_in, token_out → erc20_tokens(contract_address) • (genesis_block_number, genesis_tx_index, genesis_log_index) → logs(block_number, tx_index, log_index) • snapshot_id → token_to_token_l2_snapshots(snapshot_id)

🔗 Joins to Dependency Products • Liquidity Pools Catalog (liquidity_pools) - pool metadata, pool_fee, pool_type, token list; pool_uid ↔ liquidity_pools(uid) • ERC-20 Tokens Catalog (erc20_tokens) - symbol, decimals, names. token_in/token_out ↔ erc20_tokens(contract_address)

🧬 Lineage & Reproducibility Every row has a verifiable path back to the originating raw events via the lineage triple and tracing graph: • tracing_id - this row’s identity • parent_tracing_ids - immediate sources • genesis_tracing_ids - original on-chain sources This supports audits and exact reprocessing to source transactions/logs/function calls.

📈 Common uses • Stablecoin peg analysis through liquidity depth modeling • Execution algorithm calibration (impact-aware order sizing) • Market-making and slippage profiling • Cross-chain peg risk and liquidity fragmentation studies • MEV and arbitrage signal extraction • AI/ML feature generation for depeg and volatility prediction

🚚 Delivery By default • WebSocket (WSS) reorg-aware live emissions when a new update is available; <140 ms median latency on ETH streams (7-day). • SFTP server for archives and daily End-of-Day (EOD) snapshots. • Model Context Protocol (MCP) for AI workflows (pull slices, schemas, lineage). Optional • Integrations to Amazon S3, Azure Blob Storage, Snowflake, and other enterprise platforms on request.

🗂️ Files (time-partitioned in UTC, compressed) • Parquet • CSV • XLS • JSON

💡 Quality and operations • Reorg-aware ingestion. • 99.95% uptime target SLA. • Backfills to chain genesis. • Versioned, schema-stable datasets; changes are additive and announced.

🔄 Change policy Schema is stable. A...