The population of Europe was estimated to be 742.2 million in 2023, an increase of around 2.2 million when compared with 2013. Over 35 years between 1950 and 1985, the population of Europe grew by approximately 157.8 million. But 35 years after 1985 it was estimated to have only increased by around 38.7 million. Since the 1960s, population growth in Europe has fallen quite significantly and was even negative during the mid-1990s. While population growth has increased slightly since the low of -0.07 percent in 1998, the growth rate for 2020 was just 0.04 percent.

Which European country has the biggest population? As of 2021, the population of Russia was estimated to be approximately 145.9 million and was by far Europe's largest country in terms of population, with Turkey being the second-largest at over 85 million. While these two countries both have territory in Europe, however, they are both only partially in Europe, with the majority of their landmasses being in Asia. In terms of countries wholly located on the European continent, Germany had the highest population at 83.9 million, and was followed by the United Kingdom and France at 68.2 million and 65.4 million respectively.

Characteristics of Europe's population There are approximately 386.5 million females in Europe, compared with 361.2 million males, a difference of around 25 million. In 1950, however, the male population has grown faster than the female one, with the male population growing by 104.7 million, and the female one by 93.6 million. As of 2021, the single year of age with the highest population was 34, at 10.7 million, while in the same year there were estimated to be around 136 thousand people aged 100 or over.

Table showing ethnic group statistics by aggregated groupings.

Categories covered:

• White - includes White British, Irish, Gypsy or Irish Traveller, and Other
• Black - includes Black African, Caribbean, and Other
• Asian - includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese and Other
• Mixed/Other - includes White and Black Caribbean, White and Asian, White and Black African, Other Mixed, Arab and any Other ethnicity not covered above.

Figures may not add exactly due to rounding. Numbers rounded to the nearest thousand.

Data is from the Annual Population Survey.

In 2024, Germany was the leading EU country in terms of population, with around 85 million inhabitants. In 2050, approximately 89.2 million people will live in Germany, according to the forecast. See the total EU population figures for more information. The global population The global population is rapidly increasing. Between 1990 and 2015, it increased by around 2 billion people. Furthermore, it is estimated that the global population will have increased by another 1 billion by 2030. Asia is the continent with the largest population, followed by Africa and Europe. In Asia,the two most populous nations worldwide are located, China and India. In 2014, the combined population in China and India alone amounted to more than 2.6 billion people. for comparison, the total population in the whole continent of Europe is at around 741 million people. As of 2014, about 60 percent of the global population was living in Asia, with only approximately 10 percent in Europe and even less in the United States. Europe is the continent with the second-highest life expectancy at birth in the world, only barely surpassed by Northern America. In 2013, the life expectancy at birth in Europe was around 78 years. Stable economies and developing and emerging markets in European countries provide for good living conditions. Seven of the top twenty countries in the world with the largest gross domestic product in 2015 are located in Europe.

With over 16.4 million foreign persons residing in Germany in 2023, the country had the highest number of foreign-born people living in its territory among the 27 Member States of the European Union. Followed by France with around 8.9 million and Spain at over eight million.

There are 3 datasets within this publication showing key aspects of Ethnic Minority Populations in Lincolnshire: Ethnic Groups, Proficiency in English, and Religion. The datasets show 2011 Census estimates of the total resident population with breakouts for those population categories.

These three Census 2011 datasets are sourced from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Nomis website - see the Source link below. Different geographies and more detailed breakouts of these and other useful datasets, are also available at the Source link.

This dataset is updated every 10 years with the next update due from the Census 2021.

In anticipation of this Year of Equal Opportunities for All, the European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunity Opportunities commissioned a survey about discrimination and inequality in Europe, conducted in the summer of 2006. This current report represents a follow-up to this survey, tracking how perceptions and opinion in this field have changed in the intervening year. Several new questions are also asked in the current survey, for example dealing with the subject of 'multiple discrimination'. Both surveys were carried out by TNS Opinion & Social network – this current one between February 18th and March 22nd, 2008. In the report the six legally prohibited forms of discrimination in the EU are examined: discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnic origin, religion or beliefs, age, disability and sexual orientation. The report proceeds with the following structure: ♦ Setting the context, including whether people think of themselves as belonging to a minority group and the diversity of respondents’ social circles. ♦ Perceptions of discrimination covering attitudes to different groups and the perceived extent of discrimination in Europe. ♦ Measurements of discrimination in the EU, whether directly experienced by respondents or witnessed as happening to a third party. ♦ Assessments of efforts made to combat discrimination. ♦ Knowledge of one’s rights as a potential victim of discrimination. ♦ Views on equal opportunities in employment. ♦ A detailed analysis of discrimination on individual grounds. ♦ An examination of discrimination on multiple grounds. #####The results by volumes are distributed as follows: * Volume A: Countries * Volume AA: Groups of countries * Volume A' (AP): Trends * Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries * Volume B: EU/socio-demographics * Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: http://www.gesis.org/en/home/

In 2024, Russia had the largest population among European countries at 144.8 million people. The next largest countries in terms of their population size were Turkey at 87.5 million, Germany at 84.5 million, the United Kingdom at 69.1 million, and France at 66.5 million. Europe is also home to some of the world’s smallest countries, such as the microstates of Liechtenstein and San Marino, with populations of 39,870 and 33,581 respectively. Europe’s largest economies Germany was Europe’s largest economy in 2023, with a Gross Domestic Product of around 4.2 trillion Euros, while the UK and France are the second and third largest economies, at 3.2 trillion and 2.8 trillion euros respectively. Prior to the mid-2000s, Europe’s fourth-largest economy, Italy, had an economy that was of a similar sized to France and the UK, before diverging growth patterns saw the UK and France become far larger economies than Italy. Moscow and Istanbul the megacities of Europe Two cities on the eastern borders of Europe were Europe’s largest in 2023. The Turkish city of Istanbul, with a population of 15.8 million, and the Russian capital, Moscow, with a population of 12.7 million. Istanbul is arguably the world’s most famous transcontinental city with territory in both Europe and Asia and has been an important center for commerce and culture for over two thousand years. Paris was the third largest European city with a population of 11 million, with London being the fourth largest at 9.6 million.

According to the 2010 UN Global Demographic Outlook, the world’s population reached 7.1 billion as of 1 July 2012. Asia accounted for the majority of the world’s population (just over 60 % in 2012), with 4.25 billion inhabitants, while Africa was the second most populous continent, with 1.07 billion inhabitants, or 15.2 % of the world’s total. By comparison, the EU had 504 million inhabitants in 2012, just over 7 % of the world’s population. In 2012, the world’s most populous countries were China (19.2 % of the world’s population) and India (17.8 %), followed by the United States (4.5 %), Indonesia (3.5 %) and Brazil (2.8 %).

The table contains the demographic projections of the main European countries from 2020 to 2080. The Eurostat table has been modified by economy-policy in order to obtain better visibility. Indeed, the number of inhabitants is expressed in “million inhabitants” and not in unit data.
In addition, demographic projections for China, India, Brazil and Russia were added for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050.

In this summary we present the findings from a survey about discrimination and inequality in Europe that was carried out by TNS Opinion & Social on behalf of the European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities in the twenty-five Member States of the European Union and in the two acceding countries between 7 June and 12 July 2006. In this summary the six legally prohibited forms of discrimination in the EU are examined: discrimination on the basis of sex, ethnic origin, religion or beliefs, age, disability and sexual orientation. Abbreviations used in this summary correspond to: EU25 European Union - 25 Member States at the time of the survey and prior to the accession of Bulgaria and Romania EU15 European Union - 15 Member States before the most recent enlargement (1st May 2004) DK Don’t know Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentages. #####The results by volumes are distributed as follows: * Volume A: Countries * Volume AA: Groups of countries * Volume A' (AP): Trends * Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries * Volume B: EU/socio-demographics * Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: http://www.gesis.org/en/home/

Important Note: This item is in mature support as of June 2023 and will retire in December 2025. A new version of this item is available for your use.Europe NUTS 2 Demographics and Boundaries provides NUTS 2 level demographic, economic, and boundary information for Europe.Europe NUTS 2 Demographics and Boundaries represents areas of aggregated socioeconomic and demographic information at the NUTS 2 level for Europe. NUTS 2 units have an average population between 800,000 and 3,000,000 people. NUTS (Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques) refers to the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics.The 2020 demographic attributes and boundaries are provided by Michael Bauer Research GmbH. These were published in 2021 and are updated annually.

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology. Eurobarometer 83.3 covered the following special topics: (1) Attitudes towards the EU, (2) Europe 2020, (3) European economy, (4) European citizenship, (5) EU budget, and (6) Economic knowledge and attitude towards statistics. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding life satisfaction, the standard of living, self-esteem, and employment. Respondents were also questioned about the economic crisis, economic expectations, and public debt. Additional questions were asked regarding national governmental statistics, EU policies, national and European identity, participation in the EU, EU membership, and democracy. Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Demographic indicators 2020

The European Commission’s Directorate-General Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities therefore commissioned a poll in order to further explore EU citizens’ position on the role of media in discrimination issues, with a particular focus on discrimination based on ethnic origin and religion, and television as a medium. Interviews were conducted face-to-face in respondents’ homes, in their national language, between 17th November and 19th December 2006. The report consists of three chapters dealing with the following themes: • General perceptions of development aid: main motivations and target areas; • Familiarity with policy initiatives: The Millennium Development Goals and the European Consensus on Development; • The EU as a development aid actor: advantages, actions and decision making. #####The results by volumes are distributed as follows: * Volume A: Countries * Volume AA: Groups of countries * Volume A' (AP): Trends * Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries * Volume B: EU/socio-demographics * Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: http://www.gesis.org/en/home/

Judgement on current situation in life and political and economic development of the country in times of economic and social upheaval.

Topics: 1. Common part of the survey for all participating countries: most important problems of the country; intent to emigrate and country of choice; desired occupation for one´s own child; judgement on the work of the president of the country; fears and desires for the future; assessment of current standard of living and comparison with the situation five years ago and expected future development; judgement on the situation of the country in comparison over time; preference for freedom or social security; attitude to admission of undemocratic parties; attitude to freedom of the press; perceived discrimination against women; attitude to division of labor in raising children; judgement on conduct of parliamentary representatives and attitude to democracy in the country (scale); feeling of political effectiveness; internal or external control; achievement orientation; attitude to the national economy; demand for increased environmental protection; desire for foreign support for one´s country; the government as guarantor of equal opportunities and social security; welfare state; necessity of the willingness to compromise in politics; interest in politics at municipal level; diminishing interest in political events; self-assessment as patriot; attitude to securing of peace through military strength; readiness for national defense; necessity of participation of one´s country in world politics; claims to territory in neighboring countries; attitude to restriction on immigration; attitude to use of military for restoration of world order.

Religion and morals: importance of prayer and significance of God in one´s own life; doubt in the existence of God; attitude to prohibition of books critical of society and to sex magazines and films; attitude to freedom of speech even for fascists; assessment of the general trustworthiness of people; AIDS as punishment by God; representation of traditional values in the area of family and marriage; attitude to abortion; clear concepts of Good and Evil; perceived intensification of class differences; assessment of personal things in common with uneducated and with persons of another race or ethnic affiliation; satisfaction with one´s own financial situation.

Demography: party membership; union membership; residential status; city size; religiousness.

1. Additional questions in this survey: judgement on political and economic changes of the last few years; particularly positive and negative changes; attitude to introduction of a multi-party system and introduction of the free market economy; judgement on the speed of transition to the free market economy; assessment of the influence of the media and organizations as well as institutions on the country; assumed influence of foreign nations on one´s own country; attitude to selected ethnic groups (Russians, Georgians, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, Jews, Armenians, Azerbaijanis) and people from the asiatic republics; perceived threat to the nation from within and without; judgement on the effects of the social changes on the standard of living, moral concepts, public morals, dealing of the people with one another and on the relation of ethnic groups with each other; judgement on the influence of the church; most reliable alliance partner for one´s country; countries from which the greatest threat originates; attitude to Gorbachev, Bush, the Pope, the UN and selected personalities of public life; attitude to privatization of selected areas of the economy and civil service; attitude to free establishing of prices; acceptance of unemployment or preference for government guarantee of full-employment; attitude to a government-specified profit limitation; attitude to borrowing to finance durable economic goods; occupation within one´s own home; work satisfaction; satisfaction with employer; attitude to founding business with credit financing; judgement on the speed with which democracy is developing in the country; identification with one´s country or the Soviet Union; assessment of the ability of government, army, parties, church and KGB; attitude to a Republic independent of the USSR; most important reasons for desired independence; privileged or disadvantaged republics within the USSR; preferred development of society in the direction of socialism or capitalism; greatest fears of the future; attitude to private property and sale of land by farmers; preference for a democratic government or a strong leadership; attitude to a careful discussion of political controversies; career of the newly successful due to performance or through connections; attribution of failures to society or persons; egoism or social conditions as reasons for inadequate material provision; characterization of one´s own people by means of a list of characteristics; nationality.

Population of Barcelona aggregated by group of nationality (Spain, part of EU or other), sex and five-year age groups according to the Municipal Register of Inhabitants on January 1 of each year

A special analysis of the Eurobarometer 2000 opinion poll on behalf of the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. By SORA, Vienna, Austria, www.sora.at General recommendations and conclusions: These recommendations are based on findings hinted at in the data-analysis which do not permit the development of a complete set of policy recommendations. Policy recommendations should be based on a knowledge of causal relationships and the strength of effects which is beyond the scope of this project. Thus, the recommendations are linked and clearly connected to the evidence within the data. Political leadership: A quarter of all Europeans can be categorised as ‘ambivalent’ – meaning that they harbour positive and negative attitudes towards minorities at the same time. Data show that party affiliation is a part of the causal system producing attitudes towards minorities. Ambivalent people should be considered those who react most political leadership – awareness of this fact can help politicians to make their decisions. Unemployment: Experience with unemployment and the expectation of higher unemployment rates lead to an increase in hostile attitudes towards minorities. Sinking unemployment rates and information about a decrease in unemployment might reduce concerns about migration and minorities. Welfare: Since a large part of xenophobic concerns is about loss of welfare standards, policies which lend large majorities the feeling that they can participate in the increase of wealth within a growing economy will contribute significantly to reducing xenophobic concerns. Demographic developments and their impact have to be considered and researched. Particular attention should be paid to the number of retired people and the increasing number of old people with lower income and with low expectations within that group. An increase in hostility towards minorities might well get stronger in this group. Education: Higher education clearly correlates with positive attitudes towards minorities. More research should be carried out to determine the nature of this effect and establish whether the increase of higher education – which is a stable trend – will result in a more tolerant attitude within Europe in the coming decades. Personal relations: Supporting personal relationships between people of different religions, nations or with different skin colour increases tolerance. In the countries of Southern European, attitudes towards minorities seem to be influenced by other factors than in the rest of Europe. There is not enough evidence about causal relationships within this analysis to confirm that the conclusions mentioned above are meaningful for the southern part of Europe. #####The results by volumes are distributed as follows: * Volume A: Countries * Volume AA: Groups of countries * Volume A' (AP): Trends * Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries * Volume B: EU/socio-demographics * Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: http://www.gesis.org/en/home/

Attitude towards the EU and EU enlargement.

Topics: life satisfaction; subjective rating of the development of the general life situation, the economic situation, the financial situation of the household, personal job situation, national labor market situation and the personal professional outlook in the coming year; native language; knowledge of foreign languages; frequency of political discussions with friends; self-rated opinion leadership; frequency of news consumption (television, newspaper and radio); interest in following news topics: local and national politics, social issues, EU, economics, sports, the environment, foreign politics, culture; spontaneous associations with the EU; general attitude towards the EU; knowledge of international institutions and trust into these institutions: UN, UNESCO, NATO, EU, European Parliament, European Commission, OSCE, Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, International Court of Justice; Self-rated knowledge about the EU (scale); awareness of application for EU membership by own country; accession to EU of own country as a good thing; approval of EU membership of own country if a referendum was held; advantageousness of EU accession for the own country, the own person and following groups: people with and without foreign language skills, entrepreneurs, politicians, professionals such as doctors or lawyers, young people, children, employees, industrial workers, medium-sized businesses, teachers, civil servants, middle-aged people, farmers, the rural population, the unemployed, pensioners, elderly, population of the capital, cultural, religious and other minorities; some regions benefit more than others, all population groups; agreement with the following statements: accession of the own country would be beneficial for the EU, increasing size of EU increases security and peace, would promote the national economy, increase the influence of the own country in Europe, satisfaction of the national government accession policy, increasing influence of the EU in the world if number of members increases, historical and geographical legitimacy of EU membership of the country, increased cultural wealth and standard of living, rising unemployment due to EU enlargement; expected and desired EU accession year of the own country; consent to possible EU accession of Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Turkey; EU or own country as preferred decision-making authority for the following policies: defense, environmental protection, currency, Humanitarian Aid, health and welfare, broadcasting and press, poverty reduction, combating unemployment, agriculture and fisheries, regional compensation, education, science and technology, information on EU , non-European foreign policy, culture, immigration, asylum, fighting against organized crime, police, justice, refugee resettlement, combat of youth delinquency, urban crime and human trafficking, the fight against drugs; preferred source of information about the EU; desire for additional information on the following topics: history of the EU, the EU institutions, European Economic and Monetary Union, Euro, European economy, European single market, further financial / economic issues, agriculture in the EU, European Foreign and Security Policy, international relations of the EU; regional policy of the EU, the European budget, European research and development policy, education policy, cultural policy, youth policy, EU citizenship, consumer protection and environmental protection in the EU, European social policy.

Demography: nationality; family situation; age at end of education; gender; age; occupation; professional position; degree of urbanization; household size; possession of durable goods, role of respondent in the household: main breadwinner, responsible for purchases and household maintenance, religious affiliation, frequency of church attendance, household income

This survey seeks to understand citizens’ perceptions of justice within their own countries and the EU as a whole. It looks at citizens’ personal experiences of the justice system in their country and how well informed they feel about the justice system, as well as the level of trust they have in it and whether they think their national system is better or worse than in other Member States. The survey focuses as well the functioning of courts in civil, commercial, administrative and in criminal cases. The survey was carried out in the 28 EU-Member States in early October 2013. Some 26,581 respondents from different social and demographic groups were interviewed via telephone. #####The results by volumes are distributed as follows: * Volume A: Countries * Volume AA: Groups of countries * Volume A' (AP): Trends * Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries * Volume B: EU/socio-demographics * Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: http://www.gesis.org/en/home/

The number of social media users in Eastern Europe was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 40.5 million users (+23.11 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the social media user base is estimated to reach 215.71 million users and therefore a new peak in 2029. Notably, the number of social media users of was continuously increasing over the past years.The shown figures regarding social media users have been derived from survey data that has been processed to estimate missing demographics.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of social media users in countries like Central & Western Europe and Russia.

Migration is a reality in today’s European Union (EU). Approximately 20 million non-EU nationals reside in the EU, making up 4% of its total population, and further flows of migration will be a feature of the 21st century. It is therefore imperative that effective policies for the integration of third-country nationals are developed in the EU. In order to better understand how the EU institutions can work with Member States and other actors to respond to the challenges of integration, it is necessary to have a clearer understanding of the public opinion on the issue. In addition, it is crucial to understand how views differ across the Member States, as well as across socio-demographic characteristics and depend on existing interactions and ties with immigrants. This survey uses a new set of questions specifically tailored to measure the attitudes of Europeans towards the immigration and integration of non-EU immigrants. In particular it focuses on: • Europeans' general perceptions and knowledge about immigrants and the extent and nature of immigration; • Europeans' personal experiences with immigrants: ties with, and level of comfort in interacting with immigrants; • Europeans' general perceptions of the success in integrating immigrants, the factors which facilitate integration, the obstacles that may prevent it and the measures that would support it; • Europeans' opinions about the roles and responsibilities of various actors, the media and institutions with respect to the integration of immigrants. #####The results by volumes are distributed as follows: * Volume A: Countries * Volume AA: Groups of countries * Volume A' (AP): Trends * Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries * Volume B: EU/socio-demographics * Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: http://www.gesis.org/en/home/