According to a survey conducted among consumers in the United States in April 2022, ** percent of Black and ** percent of Hispanic respondents said they very often looked for information about a brand's sustainability practices when making purchase decisions, while ** percent of white respondents said they did so.

This article uses a recent first name list to develop an improvement to an existing Bayesian classifier, namely the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method, which combines surname and geography information to impute missing race/ethnicity. The new Bayesian Improved First Name Surname Geocoding (BIFSG) method is validated using a large sample of mortgage applicants who self-report their race/ethnicity. BIFSG outperforms BISG, in terms of accuracy and coverage, for all major racial/ethnic categories. Although the overall magnitude of improvement is somewhat small, the largest improvements occur for non-Hispanic Blacks, a group for which the BISG performance is weakest. When estimating the race/ethnicity effects on mortgage pricing and underwriting decisions with regression models, estimation biases from both BIFSG and BISG are very small, with BIFSG generally having smaller biases, and the maximum a posteriori classifier resulting in smaller biases than through use of estimated probabilities. Robustness checks using voter registration data confirm BIFSG's improved performance vis-a-vis BISG and illustrate BIFSG's applicability to areas other than mortgage lending. Finally, I demonstrate an application of the BIFSG to the imputation of missing race/ethnicity in the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, and in the process, offer novel evidence that the incidence of missing race/ethnicity information is correlated with race/ethnicity.

This is a restricted dataset based on a survey experiment conducted among local party chairs in Flanders (Belgium) in 2019 (N=597). The objective of the experiment was to test whether party chairs hold stereotypes about ethnic minority aspirants, i.e. whether they evaluate ethnic minority aspirants differently than similar ethnic majority aspirants.

During the experiment, each participant was presented one ethnic minority (Moroccan name) and one ethnic majority (Flemish name) aspirant in a randomized order. Two different policy profiles were randomly distributed between the two aspirants and both aspirants were each randomly assigned a low or a high SES (having either a university or lower secondary school degree). After being presented an aspirant, the participants were asked to evaluate him (we only used male first names) in terms of ideological position, competence and trustworthiness.

This dataset includes for each participant information about the exact profile of the aspirants who were evaluated (their ethnicity, SES and policy profile), the evaluation scores granted to these aspirants and information about manipulation checks included in the survey experiment.

The two profiles which were presented during the survey experiment are the following:

Profile 1: The 46 year old [Victor Claes OR Mohammed El Amrani] has a wife and two children. He has a [university degree OR lower secondary degree]. [Victor OR Mohammed] is a member of several local associations and has been a member of your party since two years. [Victor OR Mohammed] wants to increase the citizens’ well-being. When possible, extra cycle routes should be put in place, circulation plans should become more straightforward and traffic safety in school environments should be enhanced. The candidate wants to embellish the streets and is in favour of a more innovate approach against high vacancy rates in the housing market. [Victor OR Mohammed] advocates more efficient spatial planning. More space should be provided for new and growing enterprises whilst preserving sufficient green, open spaces. The supply of public transport should be enhanced throughout the whole municipality. [Victor OR Mohammed] wants to invest in both youngsters and the elderly. Blind spots in child care should be erased and nursing homes should remain affordable. Multi-purpose halls should be accessible to a wide and inclusive supply of activities to connect all citizens. Finally, [Victor OR Mohammed] wants to increase both the capacity of the local schools and the level of education they provide.

Profile 2: [Victor Claes OR Mohammed El Amrani] is 43 years old. He has a [university degree OR lower secondary degree]. He became a member of your party in 2016. He and his wife have one daughter. [Victor OR Mohammed] is a member of several local associations. [Victor OR Mohammed] strives towards a more liveable municipality. Investments in the public domain should provide sufficient facilities for young and old. Think about new play grounds, sport fields and pétanque courts. Environments should be given more freedom to develop and innovate. Thereby, expanding firms who contribute to local employment as well as small local entrepreneurs should be given the necessary attention. [Victor OR Mohammed] advocates a cleaner and greener municipality and wants to set up an effective plan against litter. The candidate wants to implement new subsidies for the local leisure industry aimed at providing facilities for disabled people and lower tariffs for people with low incomes. Regarding mobility, [Victor OR Mohammed] wants more and better lighting on cycle routes. Shortcuts through residential areas should be made less accessible and more investments in central connecting roads are desirable. Finally, unemployed people should be actively encouraged to find a new job and guided towards employment.

The replication materials comprise the following files: • juon_bochsler_cps_autonomy.csv - group-year data, used for all main analyses and robustness checks (appendices B and E) • juon_bochsler_cps_autonomy_global_analyses.R - replicates all global analyses (main analyses and robustness checks in appendix B); • juon_bochsler_cps_autonomy_global_analyses_me.R - constructs marginal effects plots for all global analyses; • juon_bochsler_cps_autonomy_ceefsu_analyses.R - replicates all CEE-FSU regional analyses (main analyses and robustness checks in appendix E); • juon_bochsler_cps_autonomy_ceefsu_analyses_me.R - constructs marginal effects plots for all CEE-FSU regional analyses; • juon_bochsler_cps_autonomy_ceefsu_iv.do - replicates all instrumental variables analyses for the CEE-FSU region (appendix E.4); • juon_bochsler_cps_autonomy_package_versions.csv - gives details on versions of all R packages and their dependencies used for the analysis.

This statistic shows the number of times adults in the U.S. went to the doctor for a check-up in the past year as of February 2017, by ethnicity. It was found that 20 percent or Black or African American respondents and 19 percent of Hispanic American or Latino respondents had no check-ups with a doctor in the past year.

When asked how much they pay per month in bank fees, over three quarters of White Americans reported that they paid no bank fees for their checking account in a typical month in 2019.

This study considers the growing potential of the Internet in United States elections at the sub-presidential level and whether the Internet can be used as an effective tool in campaigns and elections. Internet sites for incumbents, challengers, and third-party candidates were closely examined and compared on several dimensions of quality. Using a sample of sites collected in the 2002 elections, a comprehensive tool was developed to assess Internet quality using both analytical criteria and statistical checks. Five dimensions were examined: content, interactivity, usability, transparency, and audience. This analysis of the 2002 United States election Web sites focuses on the contests for the House of Representatives, the Senate, and for governor in those states with scheduled elections. The dataset includes 111 separate races: 84 for the House, 12 for the Senate and 16 for governor. There are 245 individual House candidates, 62 gubernatorial candidates, and 45 individual Senate candidates. This dataset also explores the relationship between Internet quality and the political and demographic features of a district. Internet quality also is evaluated in relation to other significant resources in a candidate's campaign, e.g., years of service, incumbency, political party, competition, and campaign finance. House races were isolated in order to evaluate the relationship between Internet quality, these significant political resources, and demographic aspects of the districts. Shifting the level of analysis from the candidate to the district examined how short-term elements of campaigns, including a candidate's Web site, interact and correlate with political features of a contest and demographic features of a congressional district.

This statistic shows the percentage of adults in the U.S. who visited select doctors for check-ups as of February 2017, by gender. It was found that only ** percent of African American respondents went to a general practitioner for check-ups, compared to ** percent of White respondents.

This dataset contains death counts by resident county and race/ethnicity. For more information check out: http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics.

This is the replication file for the paper "The Impact of Renter Protection Policies on Rental Housing Discrimination." In the paper, we examine the impact of a policy that reduces information about rental housing applicants on racial discrimination. We submitted fictitious email inquiries to publicly advertised rentals using names manipulated on perceived race and ethnicity before and after a policy that restricted the use of background checks, eviction history, income minimums, and credit history in rental housing applications in Minneapolis. After the policy was implemented, discrimination against African American and Somali American men increased. Triple difference analysis shows that discrimination increased in Minneapolis relative to St. Paul after the policy.

T-tests of difference in mean between quintiles of racial compositions (county level).

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigators if further information is needed. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of how child sexual abuse cases referred for prosecution in several counties in one New England state over a five year period (2009-2013) progressed through the system. In particular, the study focused on the distribution of the cases' outcomes and factors associated with these outcomes. The collection contains eight SPSS data files: D1_General-Case-Details.sav (n=500; 103 variables) D2_Background-Checks.sav (n=614; 9 variables) D3_Trial-Information.sav (n=89; 123 variables) D4_First-Victim-Details.sav (n=500; 289 variables) D5_Add-Victim-Details.sav (n=54; 289 variables) D6_First-Perp-Details.sav (n=500; 62 variables) D7_Add-Perp-Details.sav (n=60; 62 variables) D8_Medical-Information.sav (n=97; 35 variables) Demographic variables include age, birth date (month and year), gender, race, ethnicity, living arrangements, number of siblings, immigration status and ability to speak English.

Black Americans paid, on average, 12.30 U.S. dollars per month for their checking account, including routine service charges, ATM, and overdraft fees in 2019. This is above the average of 7.69 U.S. dollars, but lower than the 15.85 U.S. dollars Hispanic account holders paid on average.

The second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) was conducted in 2016 by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) as a follow-up to the first survey on minorities´ and immigrants´ experiences of discrimination and criminal victimisation conducted by the Agency in 2008. The EU-MIDIS II survey collected information from 25,515 respondents from different ethnic minority and migrant backgrounds, including Roma, in all EU Member States (2016: EU-28 including the UK). The EU-MIDIS II sample is representative of the selected populations that were interviewed. The sample includes persons belonging to ethnic or national minorities, Roma and Russians, persons born outside the EU (first generation respondents) and persons with at least one parent born outside the EU (second generation respondents). All respondents were 16 years or older and had lived in a private household for at least 12 months before the interview. People living in institutional settings - for example, hospitals or prisons - were not interviewed.

The selection of groups to be surveyed in each country was based on several criteria, including the size of the target population, the feasibility of surveying the target population in terms of cost and accessibility, the risk of certain groups experiencing ´racial´, ´ethnic´ or ´religious´ discrimination and victimisation, their vulnerability to the risk of social exclusion and, finally, comparability with previous FRA surveys. The target groups of the EU-MIDIS II survey are immigrants and descendants of immigrants from North Africa; immigrants and descendants of immigrants from Turkey; immigrants and descendants of immigrants from Sub-Saharan Africa; immigrants and descendants of immigrants from Asia and South Asia; new immigrants; Roma; members of the Russian minority. In Slovenia and Poland, people who immigrated to the EU in the last 10 years were included, regardless of country of origin. The fieldwork was conducted between September 2015 and September 2016 by Ipsos MORI under the supervision of FRA staff who monitored compliance with strict quality control procedures.

The questionnaire includes questions on perceived discrimination in various areas, such as employment, education, housing, health and in the use of public or private services. It also covers police checks, criminal victimisation (including hate crime), and awareness of rights and of institutions that provide victim support. In addition, respondents were asked about issues of social participation and integration, including trust in public institutions and the degree of attachment to the country in which they live.

The annual ranking information API for target boat races provided by the Seoul Olympic Memorial National Sports Promotion Foundation's Cycling and Boat Race Headquarters provides the annual rankings of players who participated in target boat races with a specific title. Only players who achieved excellent results during a certain period can participate in target boat races, and trophies and other awards are given to the 1st to 3rd place winners. Through this API, you can check various data such as player rankings, target race name, and year of inquiry, so it is very useful for player performance analysis, boat race record management, and statistical use. It is used as an important information resource for both boat race fans and officials.

This series contains welfare reports documenting welfare check on sponsors and nominees for immigration to Australia completed by Welfare Officers working the the NSW Immigration Division of the Department of Youth, Ethnic and Community Affairs . The reports have a a variety of file numbers in the top right hand corner in various formats including annual/numeric , numeric, Alpha : Alpha:numeric, Aplha:Aplha. The files Alpha prefixes include NS, SI:HG, SI:VS, SI:DW and SI:JJP The reports may cover information such as the origin of the check, Employment, Capital, Nominee, Sponsors, Action Taken, Documents sighted, Family disposition and accommodation.

This poll, fielded November 7-10, 2010, solicited respondents' opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling the presidency and issues such as the economy and foreign policy. They were asked whether they were pleased or disappointed with the outcome of the November congressional elections, which problem they wanted the new Congress to concentrate on, whether they thought Congress would accomplish more in the next two year period than they typically did, and whether they were optimistic that the new Congress would do a better job in the next two years to improve the nation's economy. They were also queried on their feelings about the Republican Party, the Democratic Party, whether Barack Obama would try to work with the Republicans in Congress in order to get things done, whether the Republicans in Congress would try to work with Obama in order to get things done, and whether they thought the main goal of the Republicans in Congress was to pass policies of their own or to block Obama's policies. They were asked whether they thought Obama had a clear plan for creating jobs, whether Republicans in Congress had a clear plan for creating jobs, whether Congress should try to repeal the health care law that was passed in March, whether there should be an increase in federal income taxes for households earning more than $250,000 a year, whether they thought the stock market is fair to all investors, how much the condition of the stock market affected the economy, and whether they had invested any money in the stock market. Opinions were sought on the ability of the United States government to protect its citizens from future terrorist attacks, whether another terrorist attack in the United States was likely in the next few months, whether it would be justified for people of certain racial or ethnic groups to be subject to additional security checks at airport checkpoints, and whether full body X-ray machines should be used at airports. Additional questions addressed respondents' experience with bullying, whether anyone in their household owned a firearm of any kind, whether their family would object to an interracial relationship, and what respondents were most thankful for during the holiday season. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, marital status, religious preference, employment status, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voting behavior, and whether respondent is a born again Christian.

The US Census Bureau defines Two or More Races as "People may choose to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, by providing multiple responses, or by some combination of check boxes and other responses. The race response categories shown on the questionnaire are collapsed into the five minimum race groups identified by OMB and the Census Bureau's "Some Other Race" category. For data product purposes, "Two or More Races" refers to combinations of two or more of the following race categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Some Other Race.". Two or More Races population percentage was calculated based upon total Two or More Races population within the census block group divided the total population of the same census block group. 2020 Census block groups for the Wichita / Sedgwick County area, clipped to the county line. Features were extracted from the 2020 State of Kansas Census Block Group shapefile provided by the State of Kansas GIS Data Access and Support Center (https://www.kansasgis.org/index.cfm).Change in Population and Housing for the Sedgwick County area from 2010 - 2020 based upon US Census. Census Blocks from 2010 were spatially joined to Census Block Groups from 2020 to compare the population and housing figures. This is not a product of the US Census Bureau and is only available through City of Wichita GIS. Please refer to Census Block Groups for 2010 and 2020 for verification of all data Standard block groups are clusters of blocks within the same census tract that have the same first digit of their 4-character census block number. For example, blocks 3001, 3002, 3003… 3999 in census tract 1210.02 belong to Block Group 3. Due to boundary and feature changes that occur throughout the decade, current block groups do not always maintain these same block number to block group relationships. For example, block 3001 might move due to a change in the census tract boundary. Even if the block is no longer in block group 3, the block number (3001) will not change. However, the identification string (GEOID20) for that block, identifying block group 3, would remain the same in the attribute information in the TIGER/Line Shapefiles because block identification strings are always built using the decennial geographic codes.Block groups delineated for the 2020 Census generally contain between 600 and 3,000 people. Local participants delineated most block groups as part of the Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). The Census Bureau delineated block groups only where a local or tribal government declined to participate or where the Census Bureau could not identify a potential local participant.A block group usually covers a contiguous area. Each census tract contains at least one block group and block groups are uniquely numbered within census tract. Within the standard census geographic hierarchy, block groups never cross county or census tract boundaries, but may cross the boundaries of county subdivisions, places, urban areas, voting districts, congressional districts, and American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian areas.Block groups have a valid range of 0 through 9. Block groups beginning with a zero generally are in coastal and Great Lakes water and territorial seas. Rather than extending a census tract boundary into the Great Lakes or out to the 3-mile territorial sea limit, the Census Bureau delineated some census tract boundaries along the shoreline or just offshore.

This poll, fielded January 6-10, 2010, is a part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way Barack Obama was handling his job as president, the economy, the war in Afghanistan, health care, and the threat of terrorism. Respondents were queried on what they thought was the most important problem facing the United States, how they would rate the condition of the national economy, whether they thought the economy was getting better or worse, and whether they approved of the way that the Democrats and the Republicans in Congress were handling health care. Respondents were also asked whether they thought health care reform was going too far in trying to provide health insurance to as many Americans as possible, in trying to control cost, and in trying to regulate the health insurance industry. Information was collected on whether respondents' thought that Guantanamo Prison should continue to operate, whether they favored or opposed mandatory testing of students in public schools each year to determine how well the school is educating students, whether they thought students should be required to learn a foreign language in order to graduate from high school, and whether they thought that teachers in public schools were paid too much, too little, or just the right amount. Respondents were asked whether they had children that attended school, what type of school their children attended, what grade they would give to the quality of their children's education, whether they thought their children's education was better or worse than the education they received. Information was collected on how much respondents' children studied, whether they thought that it was important for their children's school curriculum to include arts, music and physical education, whether they thought that their children would attend college, and whether they thought that their children's school was properly preparing them for college. Respondents were also asked to rate the United States on its ability to protect the country from terrorist attacks, how likely they thought it was that there would be another terrorist attack in the United States within the next few months, whether they were afraid of flying, whether they thought that it was justified for people of certain racial or ethnic groups to be subjected to additional security checks at airports, and whether they thought that X-ray machines should be used to scan the bodies of travelers at airports. Finally respondents were asked a number of miscellaneous questions including what their New Year's resolution was, what their favorite season was, who they thought was the top athletic role model, who they thought was the most important American contributor to literature, what place and time period they would most like to return to, and how often they fly. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, marital status, education level, household income, military service, religious preference, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter registration status.

HumaniBench: A Human-Centric Visual QA Dataset

HumaniBench is a dataset for evaluating visual question answering models on tasks that involve human-centered attributes such as gender, age, and occupation. Each data point includes:

ID: Unique identifier Attribute: A social attribute (e.g., gender, race) Question: A visual question related to the image Answer: The ground-truth answer image: Embedded image in base64 or file format for visual preview

  Example Entry

{… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/shainaraza/checking.