A set of tools created by the Census Information Scheme that allows users to explore data from 2011 Census Commissioned Table CT0225: Age by ethnic group by sex.

The excel tool allows users to explore the data in four different ways:

• Top 10 Ethnic Groups By All Wards In Borough - filter table by borough, age and sex
• Age Comparison - filter by borough, ethnicity and sex
• Sex Comparison - filter by borough, ethnicity and age
• Top 30 Ethnic Groups By Age - Single Ward - filter by ward and sex
• Raw Data - All London data from Commissioned table CT0222

The tableau tool allows users to explore the distribution people born in a selected country using an interactive map.

Prior to the civil war in the 1990’s ethnic tension caused many rivalries between groups. This was common between the Temne, with their allies the Limba, and the Mende, with their allies the Sherbro, Kissi, and Gola groups. Even with this history of ethnic conflict it does not appear to be a significant factor that contributed to the civil war as the war focused on control of diamond mines. With the civil war over for more than a decade the country is relatively peaceful. There are no serious ethnic conflicts or rivalries. Limba – Limba populations are found in other West African countries although 90% reside in Sierra Leone. The majority are Muslim, having been introduced to Islam in the late nineteenth century. This is much later than their neighbors. To prevent too much Westernization, the Limba often send their children to Islamic schools. Mande – The Mande are a large ethnic group in West Africa that is comprised of many smaller groups. The Mande people speak a variety of Mande languages. Most practice agriculture, animal husbandry, and trade. They practice a patrilineal society having the eldest male serve as lineage head. With so many Mande groups spread over West Africa there is much variation among language and culture. Mel – The Mel within Sierra Leone are comprised of the Gola and the Kissi. Similar to other West Africa groups, the Gola participate in secret societies. The most important occurs around the age of puberty and these societies seek to socialize youth with Gola culture. The Kissi are increasingly becoming culturally influenced by the Mende people. Soso - The Soso were introduced to Islam in the seventeenth century and they are now overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, of the Maliki School. Many still perform ritual ceremonies from indigenous religions. They are often influenced by neighboring groups. Temne – The Temne are one of the largest ethnic groups in the country. While the capital of Freetown is home to many groups, the largest number of people belong to the Temne ethnicity. The majority are Muslim, having been introduced to Islam in the seventeenth century. Some Temne still practice indigenous religions or incorporate them into their practice of Islam. Similar to other groups in the country, the Temne also have secret socieites. The Temne use these socieites to learn about the Temne culture. Although many have convertered to Islam or Christianity, it is common to incorporate indigenous religious beliefs. Attribute Table Field DescriptionsISO3-International Organization for Standardization 3-digit country codeADM0_NAME-Administration level zero identification / namePEOPLEGP_1-People Group level 1PEOPLEGP_2-People Group level 2PEOPLEGP_3-People Group level 3PEOPLEGP_4-People Group level 4PEOPLEGP_5-People Group level 5ALT_NAMES-Alternative names or spellings for a people groupCOMMENTS-Comments or notes regarding the people groupSOURCE_DT-Source one creation dateSOURCE-Source oneSOURCE2_DT-Source two creation dateSOURCE2-Source twoCollectionThis feature class was constructed by referencing and combining information from Murdock’s Map of Africa (1959) with other anthropological literature pertaining to Sierra Leone ethnicity. The information was then processed through DigitalGlobe’s AnthropMapper program to generate more accurate ethnic coverage boundaries. Anthromapper uses geographical terrain features, combined with a watershed model, to predict the likely extent of ethnic and linguistic influence.Metadata and data pertaining to the feature class was collected from the review of Murdock’s Map of Africa (1959) in conjunction with information from anthropological research pertaining to ethnicity in northern Africa. While efforts were made to secure the accuracy of the geographic location of existing ethnicities, many are transient in nature and continue to migrate. Further, it should be stressed that ethnic groups listed represent the prominent people groups in Sierra Leone; however, numerous subgroups may exist below this tier. The data included herein have not been derived from a registered survey and should be considered approximate unless otherwise defined. While rigorous steps have been taken to ensure the quality of each dataset, DigitalGlobe is not responsible for the accuracy and completeness of data compiled from outside sources.Sources (HGIS)Anthromapper. DigitalGlobe, September 2014.Gonen, Amiram. The Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1993.Levinson, David. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1995.Murdock, George Peter. Tribal Map of Africa from Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., January 1959.Olson, James S. The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport: Greenworod Press, 1996.The Diagram Group. Encyclopedia African Peoples. London: Diagram Visual Information, 2000.Yakan, Mohamad Z. Almanac of African Peoples and Nations. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1999.Sources (Metadata)Gonen, Amiram. The Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1993.Levinson, David. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1995.Murdock, George Peter. Tribal Map of Africa from Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., January 1959.Notholt, Stuart A. Fields of Fire: An atlas of ethnic conflict. London: Stuart Notholt Communications Ltd, 2008.Olson, James S. The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport: Greenworod Press, 1996.The Diagram Group. Encyclopedia African Peoples. London: Diagram Visual Information, 2000.University of Iowa Museum of Art, “Sierra Leone; Gola or Vai peoples, Lansana Ngumoi”. January 2006. Accessed December 2014. http://uima.uiowa.edu.Yakan, Mohamad Z. Almanac of African Peoples and Nations. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1999.

In 2023, Croydon had the largest population among London's 32 boroughs at 397,741, while Kensington and Chelsea had the smallest population, at 147,460.

This MSOA atlas provides a summary of demographic and related data for each Middle Super Output Area in Greater London. The average population of an MSOA in London in 2010 was 8,346, compared with 1,722 for an LSOA and 13,078 for a ward. The profiles are designed to provide an overview of the population in these small areas by combining a range of data on the population, births, deaths, health, housing, crime, commercial property/floorspace, income, poverty, benefits, land use, environment, deprivation, schools, and employment. If you need to find an MSOA and you know the postcode of the area, the ONS NESS search page has a tool for this. The MSOA Atlas is available as an XLS as well as being presented using InstantAtlas mapping software. This is a useful tool for displaying a large amount of data for numerous geographies, in one place (requires HTML 5). CURRENT MSOA BOUNDARIES (2011) PREVIOUS MSOA BOUNDARIES (2001) NB. It is currently not possible to export the map as a picture due to a software issue with the Google Maps background. We advise you to print screen to copy an image to the clipboard. Tips: - Select a new indicator from the Data box on the left. Select the theme, then indicator and then year to show the data. - To view data just for one borough*, use the filter tool. - The legend settings can be altered by clicking on the pencil icon next to the MSOA tick box within the map legend. - The areas can be ranked in order by clicking at the top of the indicator column of the data table. Themes included here are Census 2011 Population, Mid-year Estimates, Population by Broad Age, Households, Household composition, Ethnic Group, Country of Birth, Language, Religion, Tenure, Dwelling type, Land Area, Population Density, Births, General Fertility Rate, Deaths, Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR), Population Turnover Rates (per 1000), Crime (numbers), Crime (rates), House Prices, Commercial property (number), Rateable Value (£ per m2), Floorspace; ('000s m2), Household Income, Household Poverty, County Court Judgements (2005), Qualifications, Economic Activity, Employees, Employment, Claimant Count, Pupil Absence, Early Years Foundation Stage, Key Stage 1, GCSE and Equivalent, Health, Air Emissions, Car or Van availability, Income Deprivation, Central Heating, Incidence of Cancer, Life Expectancy, and Road Casualties. The London boroughs are: City of London, Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster. These profiles were created using the most up to date information available at the time of collection (Spring 2014). You may also be interested in LSOA Atlas and Ward Atlas.

(UNCLASSIFIED) There are three main ethnolinguistic groups that made up ethnicity in Liberia; Mel, Mande, and Kru. The ethnic mix of Liberia has contributed to a rich culture as well as ethnic tension. It is common for politics in West Africa to divide along ethnic lines. Ethnic tension along with poor economic and social conditions and political instability were the leading causes for the two recent civil wars in the country. This first began in 1989 when the National Patriotic Front of Liberia, led by Charles Taylor, rose up against the Kran dominant government lead by Samuel Doe. The first civil war ended in 1997 with Charles Taylor formally voted into power. During the civil war Taylor commonly targeted Muslim Mande populations and the Kran for being the two groups most associated with the Doe regime. The opposition to Taylor retaliated by attacking Christian sites. Taylor’s regime was chaotic which led to a second civil war that began in 1999 with full scale war in 2003; a cease fire was signed the same year which ended the civil war. The actions during both civil wars show how politics and ethnicity go hand in hand and can produce ethnoreligious violence. Many in Liberia participate in secret societies known as hale, this is the most controlling and unifying force in Liberian culture with most participants belonging to one or more societies. They are both religious and political in nature and lay out acceptable and unacceptable behavior. There are numerous different hale societies offering regulations on how someone should act in society. The two most important hale societies are the men’s Poro and the female’s Sande, with participants joining at puberty to be taught the ideals of manhood and womanhood. Initiations are secret and performed in the forest. Reports state that initiation into the Sande society often includes female genital mutilation while boys undergo circumcisions in the Poro society. Belonging to either the Poro or Sande society is so important among traditional communities that those who do not join are not considered a member of the village, clan, or tribe. Mande - The Mande people group is the largest ethnicity in Liberia and has multiple subgroups. Agriculture, trade, and animal husbandry are common economic activities among the Mande people. They are patrilineal and the oldest male serves as the lineage head. Class structure is also common among Mande people typically consisting of royal, noble, commoner, artisan, and former slave classes. The largest Mande subgroup are the Kpelle and alone they account for 20.3 percent of the total Liberian population. The Kpelle organize themselves into many chiefdoms each of which are led by a paramount chief. While mass conversion to Christianity happened in the nineteenth century many still practice indigenous belief systems either alone or in combination with Christianity. Mel - The Mel group in Liberia is comprised of the Kissi and the Gola, 4.8 percent and 4.4 percent of the population respectively. Most Kissi are either Christian, animists, or a combination of the two. A small population, roughly 9 percent, is Muslim. Most are subsistence farmers or urban laborers. During the first civil war they were in conflict with the Kran. Kru – The Kru are organized based on patrilineal relationships and divided in many subgroups. As with many other ethnic groups in the region, while many have converted to Christianity there is still a significant portion that still adheres to indigenous beliefs or incorporates them into Christianity. Indigenous beliefs are passed through folklores and proverbs. Attribute Table Field DescriptionsISO3 - International Organization for Standardization 3-digit country code ADM0_NAME - Administration level zero identification / name PEOPLEGP_1 - People Group level 1 PEOPLEGP_2 - People Group level 2 PEOPLEGP_3 - People Group level 3 PEOPLEGP_4 - People Group level 4 PEOPLEGP_5 - People Group level 5 ALT_NAMES - Alternative names or spellings for a people group COMMENTS - Comments or notes regarding the people group SOURCE_DT - Source one creation date SOURCE - Source one SOURCE2_DT - Source two creation date SOURCE2 - Source two CollectionThe feature class was constructed by combining information from Murdock’s Map of Africa (1959) with other anthropological literature pertaining to Liberian ethnicity. The information was then processed through DigitalGlobe’s AnthropMapper program to generate more accurate ethnic coverage boundaries. Anthromapper uses geographical terrain features, combined with a watershed model, to predict the likely extent of ethnic and linguistic influence. The data included herein have not been derived from a registered survey and should be considered approximate unless otherwise defined. While rigorous steps have been taken to ensure the quality of each dataset, DigitalGlobe is not responsible for the accuracy and completeness of data compiled from outside sources.Sources (HGIS)Anthromapper. DigitalGlobe, September 2014.Gonen, Amiram. The Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1993.Levinson, David. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1995.Minority Rights Group International. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, “Liberia Overview.” January 2005. Accessed September 23, 2014. http://www.minorityrights.org/directory.Murdock, George Peter. Tribal Map of Africa from Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., January 1959.Olson, James S. The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport: Greenworod Press, 1996.The Diagram Group. Encyclopedia African Peoples. London: Diagram Visual Information, 2000.Yakan, Mohamad Z. Almanac of African Peoples and Nations. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1999.Sources (Metadata)Central Intelligence Agency. The World FactBook, “Liberia.” June 20, 2014. Accessed September 22, 2014. https://www.cia.gov/index.html.Gonen, Amiram. The Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1993.Humanitarian News and Analysis, “Liberia: FGM continues in rural secrecy.” September 24, 2008. Accessed September 23, 2014. http://www.irinnews.org/.Levinson, David. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1995.Olson, James S. The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport: Greenworod Press, 1996.The Diagram Group. Encyclopedia African Peoples. London: Diagram Visual Information, 2000.Vogel, Health. Blogging without Maps: a Journey through Liberia, “Societies within Society – The Secret Societies of Liberia.” June 16, 2012. Accessed September 23, 2014. http://bloggingwithoutmaps.blogspot.com/.Yakan, Mohamad Z. Almanac of African Peoples and Nations. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1999.

The LSOA atlas provides a summary of demographic and related data for each Lower Super Output Area in Greater London. The average population of an LSOA in London in 2010 was 1,722 compared with 8,346 for an MSOA and 13,078 for a ward. The profiles are designed to provide an overview of the population in these small areas by combining a range of data on the population, diversity, households, health, housing, crime, benefits, land use, deprivation, schools, and employment. Due to significant population change in some areas, not all 2011 LSOA boundaries are the same as previous LSOA boundaries that had been used from 2001. A lot of data is still only available using the 2001 boundaries therefore two Atlases have been created - one using the current LSOA boundaries (2011) and one using the previous boundaries (2001). If you need to find an LSOA and you know the postcode of the area, the ONS NESS search page has a tool for this. The LSOA Atlas is available as an XLS as well as being presented using InstantAtlas mapping software. This is a useful tool for displaying a large amount of data for numerous geographies, in one place (requires HTML 5). CURRENT LSOA BOUNDARIES (2011) NOTE: There is comparatively less data for the new boundaries compared with the old boundaries PREVIOUS LSOA BOUNDARIES (2001) For 2011 Census data used in the 2001 Boundaries Atlas: For simplicity, where two or more areas have been merged, the figures for these areas have been divided by the number of LSOAs that used to make that area up. Therefore, these data are not official ONS statisitcs, but presented here as indicative to display trends. NB. It is currently not possible to export the map as a picture due to a software issue with the Google Maps background. We advise you to print screen to copy an image to the clipboard. IMPORTANT: Due to the large amount of data and areas, the LSOA Atlas may take up to a minute to fully load. Once loaded, the report will work more efficiently by using the filter tool and selecting one borough at a time. Displaying every LSOA in London will slow down the data reload. Tips: - Select a new indicator from the Data box on the left. Select the theme, then indicator and then year to show the data. - To view data just for one borough, use the filter tool. - The legend settings can be altered by clicking on the pencil icon next to the LSOA tick box within the map legend. - The areas can be ranked in order by clicking at the top of the indicator column of the data table. Beware of large file size for 2001 Boundary Atlas (58MB) alternatively download Zip file (21MB). Themes included in the atlases are Census 2011 population, Mid-year Estimates by age, Population Density, Households, Household Composition, Ethnic Group, Language, Religion, Country of Birth, Tenure, Number of dwellings, Vacant Dwellings, Dwellings by Council Tax Band, Crime (numbers), Crime (rates), Economic Activity, Qualifications, House Prices, Workplace employment numbers, Claimant Count, Employment and Support Allowance, Benefits claimants, State Pension, Pension Credit, Incapacity Benefit/ SDA, Disability Living Allowance, Income Support, Financial vulnerability, Health and Disability, Land use, Air Emissions, Energy consumption, Car or Van access, Accessibility by Public Transport/walk, Road Casualties, Child Benefit, Child Poverty, Lone Parent Families, Out-of-Work families, Fuel Poverty, Free School Meals, Pupil Absence, Early Years Foundation Stage, Key Stage 1, Key Stage 2, GCSE, Level 3 (e.g A/AS level), The Indices of Deprivation 2010, Economic Deprivation Index, and The IMD 2010 Underlying Indicators. The London boroughs are: City of London, Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster. These profiles were created using the most up to date information available at the time of collection (Spring 2014). You may also be interested in MSOA Atlas and Ward Atlas.

This file contains the National Statistics Postcode Lookup (NSPL) for the United Kingdom as at August 2022 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. To download the zip file click the Download button. The NSPL relates both current and terminated postcodes to a range of current statutory geographies via ‘best-fit’ allocation from the 2021 Census Output Areas (national parks and Workplace Zones are exempt from ‘best-fit’ and use ‘exact-fit’ allocations) for England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland has the 2011 Census Output AreasIt supports the production of area based statistics from postcoded data. The NSPL is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The NSPL is issued quarterly. (File size - 184 MB).

There were 20,944 incidences of racist hate crime reported by the London Metropolitan Police in the 2023/24 reporting year, by far the most of any police force area in England and Wales. In the same time period, there were 7,466 racist incidents reported in the West Midlands.