Examining institutions in the cultural sector (particularly in the TV industry), this project sought to ask the following questions: • What is the nature of ethnic minority experience in these organisations and how have issues of equality and diversity been addressed in institutional policies and content production? • What is meant by ‘representation’ in cultural institutions and cultural production? • How do institutions attract and engage with ethnic minority audiences? The deposited data includes interviews with those working in factual TV production, mostly within an anonymised independent tv company in the North West of the UK, but some from wider sourcesUnderstandings of ethnic inequalities in the UK have developed substantially as a result of the work of The Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE). CoDE has successfully carried out an innovative programme of research, pursued challenging scientific objectives, and worked closely with a range of non-academic partners to impact on policy debates and development. In a rapidly evolving political and policy context, we propose a further, ambitious programme of work that takes us in new directions with a distinct focus. We will move beyond nuanced description to understanding processes and causes of ethnic inequalities, and build directly on our established experience in interdisciplinary and mixed methods working. In addition, we will use a co-production approach, working with a range of partners, including key public institutions such as the BBC, universities, political parties, ethnic minority NGOs, activists, and individuals, in order to frame and carry out our research in ways that will maximise our societal impact and lead to meaningful change. Our overarching objectives are to: -Understand how ethnic inequalities develop in a range of interconnected domains -Examine how these processes relate to and are shaped by other social categories, such as gender, class, religion and generation -Understand how ethnic inequalities take shape, and are embedded, in institutional spaces and practices -Work closely with policy and practice partners to meaningfully address enduring ethnic inequalities -Pursue methodological developments with interdisciplinary mixed methods and co-production at their core -Achieve ongoing high quality international academic impact Through a research plan divided into four work packages, we will examine ethnic inequalities in (1) higher education, (2) cultural production and consumption, (3) politics, representation and political parties and (4) pursue policy and institutional impact with our work in these areas. Alongside this, we are also conducting a programme of work on severe mental illness. These work packages will be organised around our ambition to understand, explain and impact on ethnic inequalities through a focus on institutional production of and responses to ethnic inequalities. At the core of our methodological approach is interdisciplinary and mixed methods working. Our quantitative work will be predominantly secondary data analysis, making the best use of the wide range of resources in the UK (e.g. Understanding Society, Destination of Leavers of Higher Education Survey, British Election Study, ONS Longitudinal Studies). Our qualitative work will be based around ethnographic approaches that are attentive to the ways in which social processes play out differently in different sites and institutions. We are informed especially by the approach of institutional ethnography which prioritises an attention to the lived, everyday experience of inequality, but aims to clarify the wider social relations in which such experiences are embedded and by which they are shaped. Thus institutional ethnographies will be developed which begin with exploring the experience of those directly involved in institutional settings as a route to understanding how structures and practices of institutions shape individuals' experiences and practices. Throughout our work we will integrate and mobilise research evidence to engage with a full range of partners in order to influence policy and practice development, public understanding and institutional practice. As well as having academic impact (journal articles, conferences, seminars, newsletters), our findings will be communicated directly to policy and advocacy organisations through a combination of well developed (blogs, Twitter, policy briefings) and emerging (podcasts and live streaming, museum and art exhibitions, online portal for individual narratives) forms of dissemination, and we will work directly with these organisations to achieve change. Qualitative semi-structured interviews, with full consent and anonymisation. Interviews were conducted with individuals working for a small factual TV production company about their experience of working in the industry and their experience of attempts to increase diversity within the industry. The sample was purpositively selected - we initially spoke to the director and employees of the factual TV production company - selected because they had a demonstrated awareness of questions of inequality in the industry and a stated desire to address them. We spoke to employees at a range of levels and who were involved in different aspects of the company. From there, we expanded slightly through a snowballing method to speak to others working in the TV industry.

Time-series dataset of the demographic characteristics of the UK ethnic minority populations and religious groups up to 2006, to study ethnic and religious demographic diversity and its impact upon future population size, age-structure and the ethnic and religious composition of the UK population. This dataset is compiled from various existing data sources: 2001 Census, Labour Force Survey (LFS) and International Passenger Survey (IPS) data. In the absence of vital statistics by ethnic groups, indirect methods were used to estimate vital rates, including the ‘Own Child’ method applied to LFS household data to derive fertility estimates of ethnic and religious groups. Building on previous work, fertility rates of ethnic groups were produced up to 2006, distinguishing between UK-born and foreign-born populations. Migration rates were based on ONS International Migration Statistics (using IPS data), LFS and census data and projected on various assumptions. The results served population projections to mid-century and beyond of the main ethnic minority populations, including mixed populations, and using cohort-component methods. Furthermore, estimates of fertility rates for the major religious (and non-religious) groups were produced. Datasets include: (1) Calculated fertility estimates for all women aged 15 to 49 in the UK, by 5 years age group, by ethnic group, religion and place of birth (UK/non-UK), based on LFS data; (2) Data on mixed children by ethnic group of the mother; (3) Data on country of birth by ethnic group (all populations); (4) Data on immigration flow by country of origin. This project aims to analyse ethnic and religious demographic diversity, to investigate the potential for convergence of trends over time and its impact upon future population size, age-structure and the ethnic and religious composition of the UK population. Existing statistical sources (especially the 2001 Census, the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Longitudinal Survey) will be used to produce time-series of the demographic characteristics of the ethnic minority populations and religious groups up to 2006. In the absence of vital statistics by ethnic groups, the Own Child method applied to LFS and census data will be used to derive fertility estimates of ethnic and religious groups. The results will serve population projections to mid-century and beyond of the main ethnic minority populations, including mixed populations, and using cohort-component methods. Migration rates will be based on ONS International Migration Statistics, LFS and census data and projected on various assumptions. Furthermore, estimates of fertility rates and other demographic information for the major religious (and non-religious) groups will be produced with a view to making preliminary projections of their future size. The potential convergence of the demographic characteristics of ethnic and religious groups will be analysed, including mixed unions as an indicator for integration. Derivation from existing data sources: Labour Force Survey data (output from analysis); ONS commissioned tables (census and IPS data).

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The aims of this project were to:understand the demographic changes that United Kingdom local ethnic populations are presently experiencing and are likely to experience in the remainder of the 21st century understand the impact that international migration is having on the size and ethnic composition of UK local populationsunderstand the role that differences in fertility between the UK's ethnic groups plays in shaping current and future trendsunderstand the role that mortality differences between ethnic groups is playing in the changing demography of the UK's local populationsunderstand how the ethnic diversity of UK local populations is changing and likely to change in the futuredeliver the projections as a resource for use by social science in the UKbuild capacity in the analysis of demographic change through the development of young and middle career researcherstap into the best practice internationally to benefit the UK social science community.To achieve the project aims, the objectives were to:build projections of the populations of ethnic groups for UK local areasuse the population projection model to explore alternative futures.The project built a model for projecting the ethnic group populations of UK Local Authorities (LAs), which handles 352 LAs, 16 ethnic groups, 102 ages and 2 sexes. To drive the projections, estimates of the components of ethnic change were prepared for 2001-7. A new method produced UK estimates of ethnic life expectancy, ranging from 82 years for Chinese women to 77 for Pakistani. A future 2% decline in mortality per annum was assumed. Ethnic fertility estimates showed that only Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis had total fertility rates above replacement. Small declines in fertility were forecast. New estimates of the local distribution of immigration were made, using administrative data, because of concerns about official figures. The ethnicity of both immigrants and emigrants for local areas was projected. Estimates were constructed of the ethnic group probabilities for internal in- and out-migration for LAs using 2001 Census data. These probabilities were assumed constant in the future, as migration was stable between 2001 and 2008. Five projections were produced. Two benchmark projections, using constant inputs from 2001-2, forecast the UK population would be 62 and 56 million in 2051.The official projection reports 77 million. The Trend projection, aligned to ONS assumptions projected 78 million for 2051. Using revised assumptions 80 million was projected in a fourth projection. When the model for emigration was changed the projected population was only 71 million. All projections showed ageing and dispersion of ethnic minorities. By 2051 the UK will have a larger, more diverse and integrated population. For further information about the project, see documentation and the What happens when international migrants settle? Ethnic group population trends and projections for UK local areas under alternative scenarios ESRC award page.

For the 2013 round, two sets of ethnic group projections were produced: the first consistent with the published Central trend-based population projection, and the second with the SHLAA-capped household size development-linked projections incorporating development trajectories derived from the 2013 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment.

These projections have been produced on the basis of ten aggregated ethnic groups and were consistent with the available results from the 2001 and 2011 Censuses. An overview of the methodology and results of these projections is available in the accompanying Update.

The size of the Ethnic Food Market was valued at USD 45.46 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 79.59 Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 8.33% during the forecast period. Ethnic food refers to dishes that are characteristic of a particular cultural, regional, or national heritage, often embodying the unique flavors, ingredients, and cooking methods traditional to that community. These foods are usually deeply rooted in history, influenced by factors such as geography, climate, and available resources, as well as by cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions. Ethnic cuisine is distinctive and often represents more than just a meal; it serves as an expression of cultural identity and a way to maintain connections with one’s heritage. Examples include Japanese sushi, Indian curry, Mexican tacos, Italian pasta, and Ethiopian injera, each distinct in flavor profiles, preparation techniques, and presentation. In today’s globalized world, ethnic foods have gained popularity, expanding far beyond their places of origin. They offer consumers a taste of another culture, allowing them to experience flavors and ingredients that may be unfamiliar or exotic. The rise of international travel, media, and migration has broadened people’s culinary experiences, leading to an increased demand for authentic ethnic foods in restaurants, food markets, and even grocery stores. However, as ethnic foods are integrated into new markets, they may undergo modifications to suit local palates, potentially altering their authenticity. Despite this, the core aspects of these foods remain, offering a rich and diverse culinary experience. Recent developments include: February 2022: Patak launched its "Patak's Makes Perfect" TV advertisement in collaboration with a creative advertising agency, BMB. With this new advertisement, the company aimed to strengthen its market presence in the ethnic foods retail space., February 2022: Aryzta, which operates the Cuisine de France brand, acquired the bakery, equipment, and the corresponding land of co-manufacturer De-Luxe Food Services from Envictus International Holdings Limited. This expansion strengthened Aryzta's relevant position in bakery products in Malaysia., January 2022: Paulig, which has two production sites for tortillas, dinner kits, and chips in Belgium (Roeselare) and is currently building a third production facility, acquired the innovative Spain-based company, Liven. With this acquisition, Paulig hoped to expand its Tex-Mex and snacking activities in Europe., October 2021: General Mills expanded its Old El Paso range by introducing new flavored taco shells in collaboration with crisp brand Takis in the United States. The company's latest product is inspired by Takis 'Fuego' crisp flavor and was named 'Hot Chili Pepper and Lime-Flavored Stand'N Stuff Taco Shells.' The product was exclusively available through Walmart stores.. Key drivers for this market are: Consumer inclination toward functional food and beverages, Increasing Number of Applications and Growing Industrial Use. Potential restraints include: Increasing Shift Toward Plant-Based Protein. Notable trends are: Presence of Asian Cuisine in the US Ethnic Food Marketspace.

In 1980, the National Institute of Justice awarded a grant to the Cornell University College of Human Ecology for the establishment of the Center for the Study of Race, Crime, and Social Policy in Oakland, California. This center mounted a long-term research project that sought to explain the wide variation in crime statistics by race and ethnicity. Using information from eight ethnic communities in Oakland, California, representing working- and middle-class Black, White, Chinese, and Hispanic groups, as well as additional data from Oakland's justice systems and local organizations, the center conducted empirical research to describe the criminalization process and to explore the relationship between race and crime. The differences in observed patterns and levels of crime were analyzed in terms of: (1) the abilities of local ethnic communities to contribute to, resist, neutralize, or otherwise affect the criminalization of its members, (2) the impacts of criminal justice policies on ethnic communities and their members, and (3) the cumulative impacts of criminal justice agency decisions on the processing of individuals in the system. Administrative records data were gathered from two sources, the Alameda County Criminal Oriented Records Production System (CORPUS) (Part 1) and the Oakland District Attorney Legal Information System (DALITE) (Part 2). In addition to collecting administrative data, the researchers also surveyed residents (Part 3), police officers (Part 4), and public defenders and district attorneys (Part 5). The eight study areas included a middle- and low-income pair of census tracts for each of the four racial/ethnic groups: white, Black, Hispanic, and Asian. Part 1, Criminal Oriented Records Production System (CORPUS) Data, contains information on offenders' most serious felony and misdemeanor arrests, dispositions, offense codes, bail arrangements, fines, jail terms, and pleas for both current and prior arrests in Alameda County. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, and marital status. Variables in Part 2, District Attorney Legal Information System (DALITE) Data, include current and prior charges, days from offense to charge, disposition, and arrest, plea agreement conditions, final results from both municipal court and superior court, sentence outcomes, date and outcome of arraignment, disposition, and sentence, number and type of enhancements, numbers of convictions, mistrials, acquittals, insanity pleas, and dismissals, and factors that determined the prison term. For Part 3, Oakland Community Crime Survey Data, researchers interviewed 1,930 Oakland residents from eight communities. Information was gathered from community residents on the quality of schools, shopping, and transportation in their neighborhoods, the neighborhood's racial composition, neighborhood problems, such as noise, abandoned buildings, and drugs, level of crime in the neighborhood, chances of being victimized, how respondents would describe certain types of criminals in terms of age, race, education, and work history, community involvement, crime prevention measures, the performance of the police, judges, and attorneys, victimization experiences, and fear of certain types of crimes. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, and family status. For Part 4, Oakland Police Department Survey Data, Oakland County police officers were asked about why they joined the police force, how they perceived their role, aspects of a good and a bad police officer, why they believed crime was down, and how they would describe certain beats in terms of drug availability, crime rates, socioeconomic status, number of juveniles, potential for violence, residential versus commercial, and degree of danger. Officers were also asked about problems particular neighborhoods were experiencing, strategies for reducing crime, difficulties in doing police work well, and work conditions. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, marital status, level of education, and years on the force. In Part 5, Public Defender/District Attorney Survey Data, public defenders and district attorneys were queried regarding which offenses were increasing most rapidly in Oakland, and they were asked to rank certain offenses in terms of seriousness. Respondents were also asked about the public's influence on criminal justice agencies and on the performance of cert

Ethnic group projections were produced consistent with the published development-linked population projections. These projections have been produced on the basis of ten aggregated ethnic groups and were consistent with the available results from the 2001 Census. An overview of the results of these projections is available in the accompanying Update.

Purpose: The narrative is an important component of cognitive–linguistic assessment of nonmainstream populations and provides a valuable basis on which to conduct crossethnic/cultural comparisons. Given that there is limited information on the narrative characteristics of African American adults, this study was designed to describe the nature of narrative productions among African American men and women and to determine if gender differences exist in those productions.Method: Seventy-six African American adults—40 women (ages 46–86 years) and 36 men (ages 45–87 years)—recruited from Washington, DC, and the Metropolitan area took part in the study. Participants produced a complex story retelling and a personal narrative of their choosing. All narratives were transcribed orthographically, parsed into T-units, and analyzed for narrative superstructure. Narratives were then examined by establishing the quantity of information, distribution of information, and African American English (AAE) density and usage.Results: The results of the study demonstrated that women produced more information across all measures of quantity and narrative conditions. Gender differences were observed where men produced narratives that were brief and succinct whereas women produced longer, more elaborative narratives. Moreover, women produced more information across constituent units of the narratives. Although the use of AAE and its effect on quantity and distribution of information were negligible, the results demonstrated that men produced more occurrences of AAE than women.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that women were more talkative, produced more information, took more time to produce their narratives, and told stories that were more descriptive, evaluative, and reflective than those of their male counterparts. This study also suggests that personal narratives may be more robust in characterizing the process of African American adult narrative production whereas story retelling may be a good contrastive element in further describing narrativization.Supplemental Material S1. A woman’s personal narrative in its entirety (example of an emotionally laden narrative). Supplemental Material S2. A male’s personal narrative in its entirety.Supplemental Material S3. A woman’s personal narrative in its entirety (example of a short narrative). Supplemental Material S4. A male’s personal narrative in its entirety (example of tangential/topic neutral narrative produced by a male with 12 years education).Supplemental Material S5. A woman’s personal narrative in its entirety (example of a narrative produced by a woman with 12 years of education).Supplemental Material S6. A male’s O’Henry story retelling in its entirety (example of a narrative produced by a male with a baccalaureate degree). Supplemental Material S7. A woman’s O’Henry’s story in its entirety (example of a narrative produced by a woman with a baccalaureate degree). Bradford Wainwright, A. (2019). Gender differences in the narrative productions of African American adults. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 28, 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-18-0153

IMPORTANT NOTE: These projections have been superceded, please see https://data.london.gov.uk/demography/ for the latest GLA projections. For the 2014 round, two sets of ethnic group projections were produced: the first consistent with the published Long Term Migration trend-based population projection , and the second with the SHLAA-capped household size development-linked projections incorporating development trajectories derived from the 2013 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment. These projections have been produced on the basis of ten aggregated ethnic groups and are consistent with the available results from the 2001 and 2011 Censuses. This data is also available to download in the custom-age tool. A Tableau visualisation of the SHLAA-capped (short-term migration variant) ethnic group population projections is available.

Two projection variants were produced for the 2011 round: consistent with the published standard- and high- fertility population projections. These population projections incorporated development trajectories derived from the 2009 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment. These projections have been produced on the basis of ten aggregated ethnic groups and were consistent with the available results from the 2001 Census.

The Decision provides a number of policies to support production land, residential land, housing and water for poor ethnic minority households with an aim of implementation of socio-economic programs. The State directly provide supports to poor ethnic minority households to facilitate production development, improve their lives, and reduce poverty .

Projections were produced consistent with both published sets of population projections. The first of these incorporated development trajectories derived from the 2009 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment and the second is based on the development trajectories assumed for the London Plan. These projections have been produced on the basis of ten aggregated ethnic groups and were consistent with the available results from the 2001 Census.

Abstract (en): In 1980, the National Institute of Justice awarded a grant to the Cornell University College of Human Ecology for the establishment of the Center for the Study of Race, Crime, and Social Policy in Oakland, California. This center mounted a long-term research project that sought to explain the wide variation in crime statistics by race and ethnicity. Using information from eight ethnic communities in Oakland, California, representing working- and middle-class Black, White, Chinese, and Hispanic groups, as well as additional data from Oakland's justice systems and local organizations, the center conducted empirical research to describe the criminalization process and to explore the relationship between race and crime. The differences in observed patterns and levels of crime were analyzed in terms of: (1) the abilities of local ethnic communities to contribute to, resist, neutralize, or otherwise affect the criminalization of its members, (2) the impacts of criminal justice policies on ethnic communities and their members, and (3) the cumulative impacts of criminal justice agency decisions on the processing of individuals in the system. Administrative records data were gathered from two sources, the Alameda County Criminal Oriented Records Production System (CORPUS) (Part 1) and the Oakland District Attorney Legal Information System (DALITE) (Part 2). In addition to collecting administrative data, the researchers also surveyed residents (Part 3), police officers (Part 4), and public defenders and district attorneys (Part 5). The eight study areas included a middle- and low-income pair of census tracts for each of the four racial/ethnic groups: white, Black, Hispanic, and Asian. Part 1, Criminal Oriented Records Production System (CORPUS) Data, contains information on offenders' most serious felony and misdemeanor arrests, dispositions, offense codes, bail arrangements, fines, jail terms, and pleas for both current and prior arrests in Alameda County. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, and marital status. Variables in Part 2, District Attorney Legal Information System (DALITE) Data, include current and prior charges, days from offense to charge, disposition, and arrest, plea agreement conditions, final results from both municipal court and superior court, sentence outcomes, date and outcome of arraignment, disposition, and sentence, number and type of enhancements, numbers of convictions, mistrials, acquittals, insanity pleas, and dismissals, and factors that determined the prison term. For Part 3, Oakland Community Crime Survey Data, researchers interviewed 1,930 Oakland residents from eight communities. Information was gathered from community residents on the quality of schools, shopping, and transportation in their neighborhoods, the neighborhood's racial composition, neighborhood problems, such as noise, abandoned buildings, and drugs, level of crime in the neighborhood, chances of being victimized, how respondents would describe certain types of criminals in terms of age, race, education, and work history, community involvement, crime prevention measures, the performance of the police, judges, and attorneys, victimization experiences, and fear of certain types of crimes. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, and family status. For Part 4, Oakland Police Department Survey Data, Oakland County police officers were asked about why they joined the police force, how they perceived their role, aspects of a good and a bad police officer, why they believed crime was down, and how they would describe certain beats in terms of drug availability, crime rates, socioeconomic status, number of juveniles, potential for violence, residential versus commercial, and degree of danger. Officers were also asked about problems particular neighborhoods were experiencing, strategies for reducing crime, difficulties in doing police work well, and work conditions. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, marital status, level of education, and years on the force. In Part 5, Public Defender/District Attorney Survey Data, public defenders and district attorneys were queried regarding which offenses were increasing most rapidly in Oakland, and they were asked to rank certain offenses in terms of seriousness. Respondents were also asked about the public's influence on criminal justice agencies and on the performance of certain criminal justice agencies. Respondents were presented with a list of crimes and a...

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in employment the week before the census in England and Wales by industry and by ethnic group. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Lower tier local authorities

Lower tier local authorities provide a range of local services. There are 309 lower tier local authorities in England made up of 181 non-metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities, 36 metropolitan districts and 33 London boroughs (including City of London). In Wales there are 22 local authorities made up of 22 unitary authorities.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. However, you can choose to filter areas by:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Industry (current)

Classifies people aged 16 years and over who were in employment between 15 March and 21 March 2021 by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code that represents their current industry or business.

The SIC code is assigned based on the information provided about a firm or organisation’s main activity.

Ethnic group

The ethnic group that the person completing the census feels they belong to. This could be based on their culture, family background, identity or physical appearance.

Respondents could choose one out of 19 tick-box response categories, including write-in response options.

Many states in the developing world cannot consistently deliver public goods or credibly threaten coercion in order to generate widespread citizen compliance. Why do some citizens still comply? We argue that legacies of early statehood interact with post-colonial ethnic politics to produce conditional quasi-voluntary compliance. Historical exposure to centralized political authority increases citizen compliance with the state due to persistent state-centric norms, but this relationship is conditional on contemporary access to state power. We combine a novel indicator of historical state exposure in Africa with a large sample of geo-located survey respondents to test the argument. Our results indicate that proximity to historical capital cities is associated with greater compliance for respondents whose ethnic groups currently hold executive-level state power. A case study of compliance with vaccination mandates in the precolonial kingdom of Buganda provides additional evidence in support of our argument.

The ethnic group projections are produced for London borough and provide detailed projection by 17 ethnic groups of London’s future population. Two variants are produced: one consistent with the 2016-based central trend projection, and one consistent with the 2016-based housing-led projection. The 2016-based projections remain the most recent set of GLA ethnic group projections.

The Decision provides a number of policies to support production land, residential land, housing and water for poor ethnic minority households with an aim of implementation of socio-economic programs. The State directly provide supports to poor ethnic minority households to facilitate production development, improve their lives, and reduce poverty .

The global production modified race car market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing participation in motorsport events, technological advancements enhancing vehicle performance, and a rising demand for customized racing vehicles. While precise market size figures for the base year (2025) are not provided, considering the typical market size for similar niche automotive sectors and a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) – let's assume a conservative CAGR of 8% for illustrative purposes – we can estimate a substantial market value. For example, if we hypothesize a 2025 market size of $2.5 billion, a steady 8% CAGR would project a market exceeding $4 billion by 2033, illustrating significant market expansion over the forecast period. Key drivers include the introduction of innovative materials and technologies leading to lighter, faster, and more fuel-efficient vehicles, along with a growing interest in both professional and amateur racing, fueled by increased media coverage and accessibility to racing events. Furthermore, the market is segmented by vehicle type (e.g., touring cars, GT cars, open-wheelers) and application (e.g., professional racing, amateur racing, track days), reflecting the diverse needs and preferences of consumers. The market growth, however, is not without its challenges. Stringent safety regulations and emission standards are likely to impose constraints on manufacturers, impacting development costs and potentially limiting innovation. Fluctuations in the global economy, particularly the price of raw materials and energy, could also impact production costs and market demand. The competitive landscape is marked by prominent automotive manufacturers like Nissan, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Renault, BMW, and others, each vying for market share through technological advancements and brand recognition. Regional variations in market growth are expected, with North America and Europe likely to maintain leading positions due to established motorsport infrastructure and a substantial consumer base. However, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific are poised for significant expansion, driven by rising disposable incomes and growing motorsport enthusiasts.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents in England and Wales by ethnic group, by sex, and by age. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Estimates for single year of age between ages 90 and 100+ are less reliable than other ages. Estimation and adjustment at these ages was based on the age range 90+ rather than five-year age bands. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Lower tier local authorities

Lower tier local authorities provide a range of local services. There are 309 lower tier local authorities in England made up of 181 non-metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities, 36 metropolitan districts and 33 London boroughs (including City of London). In Wales there are 22 local authorities made up of 22 unitary authorities.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. However, you can choose to filter areas by:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Ethnic group

The ethnic group that the person completing the census feels they belong to. This could be based on their culture, family background, identity or physical appearance.

Respondents could choose one out of 19 tick-box response categories, including write-in response options.

Sex

This is the sex recorded by the person completing the census. The options were “Female” and “Male”.

Age (C)

A person’s age on Census Day, 21 March 2021 in England and Wales. Infants aged under 1 year are classified as 0 years of age.

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