In 2022, employed people in the white ‘other’ and Indian ethnic groups (both 82%) were the most likely to work full time out of all ethnic groups.

In the 3 years to March 2021, black households were most likely out of all ethnic groups to have a weekly income of under £600.

In 2011, 87.2 percent of the total population of the United Kingdom were white British. A positive net migration in recent years combined with the resultant international relationships following the wide-reaching former British Empire has contributed to an increasingly diverse population.

Varied ethnic backgrounds

Black British citizens, with African and/or African-Caribbean ancestry, are the largest ethnic minority population, at three percent of the total population. Indian Britons are one of the largest overseas communities of the Indian diaspora and make up 2.3 percent of the total UK population. Pakistani British citizens, who make up almost two percent of the UK population, have one of the highest levels of home ownership in Britain.

Racism in the United Kingdom

Though it has decreased in comparison to the previous century, the UK has seen an increase in racial prejudice during the first decade and a half of this century. Racism and discrimination continues to be part of daily life for Britain’s ethnic minorities, especially in terms of work, housing, and health issues. Moreover, the number of hate crimes motivated by race reported since 2012 has increased, and in 2017/18, there were 3,368 recorded offenses of racially or religiously aggravated assault with injury, almost a thousand more than in 2013/14.

Ethnicity pay gap estimates for 2018 across different ethnicity breakdowns using the Annual Population Survey.

Young people from the Chinese (4.5%) and Indian (7.3%) ethnic groups were less likely than the UK average (11.5%) to be not in employment, education or training.

In 2022, the highest and lowest rates of economic inactivity were in the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi (33%) and white 'other’ (15%) ethnic groups.

Labour market status by ethnic group, UK, published quarterly, non-seasonally adjusted. Labour Force Survey. These are official statistics in development.

In 2023/24, approximately 57 percent of Black people in England had taken part in voluntary activities in the previous twelve months, compared with 54 percent of White people, 52 percent of Asian people, and 57 percent of people of mixed ethnicity.

Data showing the percentage of people in England and Wales who are men and women (and boys and girls). Data is shown for each of the 18 ethnic groups used in the 2011 Census. The data comes from the 2011 Census and is published on 'Ethnicity facts and figures'.

Ces données mesurent la taille de la population d’Angleterre et du pays de Galles, ainsi que le nombre et le pourcentage de personnes appartenant à chaque groupe ethnique.

Les données proviennent des recensements de 2011 et de 2001 et sont publiées sous le titre «Ethnicity facts and figures». Ces données mesurent la taille de la population d’Angleterre et du pays de Galles, ainsi que le nombre et le pourcentage de personnes appartenant à chaque groupe ethnique.

Les données proviennent des recensements de 2011 et de 2001 et sont publiées sous le titre «Ethnicity facts and figures».

The data measures the weekly income before tax of households from different ethnic groups in the UK. It includes the total income of everyone who lives in the household.

The data comes from the Family Resources Survey and is published on 'Ethnicity facts and figures'.

In 2014, 14.5% of White British people were being treated for mental or emotional problems when surveyed, the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups.

As of the fourth quarter of 2024, the unemployment rate for people of white ethnicity in the United Kingdom was 3.6 percent, the lowest of the provided ethnic groups in this quarter. By contrast, the unemployment rate for people in the Pakistani ethnic group was 10.7 percent.

Black men and women in the United Kingdom were four times more likely to die from Coronavirus than white people of the same gender as of April 2020. Several other ethnic groups were also at an increased risk from Coronavirus than the white population, with men of Bangladeshi or Pakistani origin 3.6 times more likely, and women 3.4 more likely to die from Coronavirus.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Sonraí a thaispeánann céatadán na ndaoine i Sasana agus sa Bhreatain Bheag ar fir agus mná iad (agus buachaillí agus cailíní).
Taispeántar sonraí maidir le gach ceann de na 18 grúpa eitneach a úsáideadh i nDaonáireamh 2011.

Is as Daonáireamh 2011 a thagann na sonraí agus foilsítear iad ar ‘Fhíricí agus ar fhigiúirí Eitneachais’.

Black people were 3.5 times more likely to be detained than white people under the Mental Health Act in the year to March 2023.

Dataset population: Persons

Age

Age is derived from the date of birth question and is a person's age at their last birthday, at 27 March 2011. Dates of birth that imply an age over 115 are treated as invalid and the person's age is imputed. Infants less than one year old are classified as 0 years of age.

Ethnic group

Ethnic group classifies people according to their own perceived ethnic group and cultural background.

This topic contains ethnic group write-in responses without reference to the five broad ethnic group categories, e.g. all Irish people, irrespective of whether they are White, Mixed/multiple ethnic groups, Asian/Asian British, Black/African/Caribbean/Black British or Other ethnic group, are in the Irish response category. This topic was created as part of the commissioned table processing.

Long-term health problem or disability

A long-term health problem or disability that limits a person's day-to-day activities and has lasted or is expected to last at least 12 months. This includes problems that are related to old age.

People were asked to assess whether their daily activities were limited a lot or a little by such a health problem, or whether their daily activities were not limited at all.

Sex

The classification of a person as either male or female.

In 2023/24, the arrest rate for people in England and Wales varied by self-identified ethnicity. People who identified as Black or Black British had an arrest rate of 17 per 1,000 population, compared with ten for people who identified as white, and eight who identified as Asian or Asian British.

Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) for deaths involving COVID-19 by ethnic group, England.