Land area (sq. km) in European Union was reported at 3996695 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Land area (sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Russia is the largest country in Europe, and also the largest in the world, its total size amounting to 17 million square kilometers (km2). It should be noted, however, that over three quarters of Russia is located in Asia, and the Ural mountains are often viewed as the meeting point of the two continents in Russia; nonetheless, European Russia is still significantly larger than any other European country. Ukraine, the second largest country on the continent, is only 603,000 km2, making it about 28 times smaller than its eastern neighbor, or seven times smaller than the European part of Russia. France is the third largest country in Europe, but the largest in the European Union. The Vatican City, often referred to as the Holy Sea, is both the smallest country in Europe and in the world, at just one km2. Population Russia is also the most populous country in Europe. It has around 144 million inhabitants across the country; in this case, around three quarters of the population live in the European part, which still gives it the largest population in Europe. Despite having the largest population, Russia is a very sparsely populated country due to its size and the harsh winters. Germany is the second most populous country in Europe, with 83 million inhabitants, while the Vatican has the smallest population. Worldwide, India and China are the most populous countries, with approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants each. Cities Moscow in Russia is ranked as the most populous city in Europe with around 13 million inhabitants, although figures vary, due to differences in the methodologies used by countries and sources. Some statistics include Istanbul in Turkey* as the largest city in Europe with its 15 million inhabitants, bit it has been excluded here as most of the country and parts of the city is located in Asia. Worldwide, Tokyo is the most populous city, with Jakarta the second largest and Delhi the third.

Surface area (sq. km) in European Union was reported at 4254541 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Surface area (sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

The average for 2021 based on 47 countries was 221323.2 sq. km. The highest value was in Russia: 8153116 sq. km and the lowest value was in Gibraltar: 0 sq. km. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Population density (people per sq. km of land area) in European Union was reported at 112 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Population density (people per sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

The average for 2021 based on 27 countries was 148029 sq. km. The highest value was in France: 547557 sq. km and the lowest value was in Malta: 320 sq. km. The indicator is available from 1961 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Forest area (sq. km) in European Union was reported at 1595847 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Forest area (sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The average for 2021 based on 47 countries was 487417 sq. km. The highest value was in Russia: 16376870 sq. km and the lowest value was in Monaco: 2 sq. km. The indicator is available from 1961 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2022, the population density in the European Union remained nearly unchanged at around 112.05 inhabitants per square kilometer. Still, the population density reached its highest value in the observed period in 2022. Population density refers to the number of people living in a certain country or area, given as an average per square kilometer. It is calculated by dividing the total midyear population by the total land area.

This dataset provides values for ROAD DENSITY KM OF ROAD PER SQ KM OF LAND AREA WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In 1913, Western Europe had one kilometer of railway line for every 10 square kilometers of land, which was more than double the rate of Central and Eastern Europe, and roughly 2.5 times the rate of Mediterranean Europe. Due to its vast size and sparse population distribution, Russia had the smallest railway network in proportion to its size, with one kilometer of rail for every 324 square kilometers of land.

This dataset provides values for SURFACE AREA SQ KM WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In 2025, Moscow was the largest city in Europe with an estimated urban agglomeration of 12.74 million people. The French capital, Paris, was the second largest city in 2025 at 11.35 million, followed by the capitals of the United Kingdom and Spain, with London at 9.84 million and Madrid at 6.81 million people. Istanbul, which would otherwise be the largest city in Europe in 2025, is excluded as it is only partially in Europe, with a sizeable part of its population living in Asia. Europe’s population is almost 750 million Since 1950, the population of Europe has increased by approximately 200 million people, increasing from 550 million to 750 million in these seventy years. Before the turn of the millennium, Europe was the second-most populated continent, before it was overtaken by Africa, which saw its population increase from 228 million in 1950 to 817 million by 2000. Asia has consistently had the largest population of the world’s continents and was estimated to have a population of 4.6 billion. Europe’s largest countries Including its territory in Asia, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, with a territory of around 17 million square kilometers, almost double that of the next largest country, Canada. Within Europe, Russia also has the continent's largest population at 145 million, followed by Germany at 83 million and the United Kingdom at almost 68 million. By contrast, Europe is also home to various micro-states such as San Marino, which has a population of just 30 thousand.

Agricultural land (sq. km) in European Union was reported at 1627106 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Agricultural land (sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

Russia is the largest country in the world by far, with a total area of just over 17 million square kilometers. After Antarctica, the next three countries are Canada, the U.S., and China; all between 9.5 and 10 million square kilometers. The figures given include internal water surface area (such as lakes or rivers) - if the figures were for land surface only then China would be the second largest country in the world, the U.S. third, and Canada (the country with more lakes than the rest of the world combined) fourth. Russia Russia has a population of around 145 million people, putting it in the top ten most populous countries in the world, and making it the most populous in Europe. However, it's vast size gives it a very low population density, ranked among the bottom 20 countries. Most of Russia's population is concentrated in the west, with around 75 percent of the population living in the European part, while around 75 percent of Russia's territory is in Asia; the Ural Mountains are considered the continental border. Elsewhere in the world Beyond Russia, the world's largest countries all have distinctive topographies and climates setting them apart. The United States, for example, has climates ranging from tundra in Alaska to tropical forests in Florida, with various mountain ranges, deserts, plains, and forests in between. Populations in these countries are often concentrated in urban areas, and are not evenly distributed across the country. For example, around 85 percent of Canada's population lives within 100 miles of the U.S. border; around 95 percent of China lives east of the Heihe–Tengchong Line that splits the country; and the majority of populations in large countries such as Australia or Brazil live near the coast.

The average for 2021 based on 27 countries was 187 people per square km. The highest value was in Malta: 1620 people per square km and the lowest value was in Finland: 18 people per square km. The indicator is available from 1961 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Germany has the largest solar collector surface area across the European Union. As of 2023, solar thermal units in Germany covered some **** square kilometers. This was far more than in any other EU member state. By comparison, the solar thermal surface area in Spain was *** square kilometers.

Area in sq km - cut-off date 31.12. -regional depth: communes

Municipal area in sq km

Roads and other linear infrastructures are among the largest and most visible human-made artefacts on the planet today and represent a threat for both endangered and common species, mainly due to additional mortality from collisions with vehicles. There is strong evidence that additional non-natural mortality affects many species and a growing number of populations could have increased risk of extinction unless effective mitigation actions are applied. At a global scale, Europe is among the regions with highest transport infrastructures density. Between 1970 and 2000 the kilometres of built roads more than tripled in several countries in Europe (EU-15) reaching up to 3 million km of which around 51 500 km consisted of motorways (1.7%). Currently, 50% of the continent is within 1.5 km of transportation infrastructure which may lead to declines in birds and mammals. We urgently need to advance our understanding of how roads affect biodiversity through two steps: 1) identifying which species and regions are more at risk from infrastructures; and 2) determining where those risks result in impacts (loss of biodiversity). Road ecology as a discipline has largely focused on the first step. In Europe, roadkill rates have been estimated for a wide range of vertebrates with millions of casualties detected each year. However, we still lack estimates for all species or areas, even in well-studied regions. The aim of this study is to determine which species are at risk due to roads and where roads can impact population persistence and biodiversity. We focused on bird and mammalian species in Europe as a case study. First, we developed a predictive model of roadkill rates based on diverse species traits which allowed us to predict rates for all European terrestrial bird and mammal species and to map the potential incidence of roadkills. We fitted trait-based random forest regression models separately for birds and mammals to explain empirical roadkill rates. We used all available roadkill rates and the following predictors: species trait data, multiple characteristics of the study (latitude and longitude and survey interval) to account for species abundance and detectability, and taxonomic order to account for evolutionary relationships. Second, we used a generalized population model to estimate long-term vulnerability to road mortality. We estimated ~194 million birds and ~29 million mammals may be killed each year on the European road network. Overall, species with higher roadkill rates differ from those in which roadkill is likely to affect long-term persistence. Simplified models of species traits and wildlife-roads interactions at a macro scale allow a first assessment of the road mortality on wildlife and implications on population’s persistence. This macroecological approach provide guidance for national road planning, support the definition of target areas for further testing at a finer-scale resolution, and ultimately prioritize site-specific areas where mitigation would be most beneficial.