The price of emissions allowances (EUA) traded on the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) exceed 100 euros per metric ton of CO₂ for the first time n February 2023. Athough average annual EUA prices have increased significantly since the 2018 reform of the EU-ETS, they fell 19 percent year-on-year in 2023 to 65 euros. What is the EU-ETS? The EU-ETS became the world’s first carbon market in 2005. The scheme was introduced as a way of limiting GHG emissions from polluting installations by putting a price on carbon, thus incentivizing entities to reduce their emissions. A fixed number of emissions allowances are put on the market each year, which can be traded between companies. The number of available allowances is reduced each year. The EU-ETS is now in its fourth phase (2021 to 2030). Volatility of carbon prices EU carbon prices are volatile and change daily. Prices are determined by the supply and demand of allowances. In March 2022, the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war caused EUA prices to crash to less than 60 euros/tCO₂ due to the expected ban on Russian energy imports in Europe.

EU Carbon Permits decreased 2.17 EUR or 2.97% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for EU Carbon Permits.

The average annual price of European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) allowances fell 22 percent year-on-year in 2024, to 65 euros. Still, EU ETS carbon allowances are forecast to rise to almost 150 euros by the end of the decade. Each EU ETS emissions allowance (EUA) gives the holder the right to emit one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent.

European Union Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) carbon allowances are estimated to average 65 euros per metric ton of carbon dioxide (tCO₂e) in 2024. This figure is forecast to more than double by the end of the decade to almost 150 euros/tCO₂e, before reaching nearly 200 euros/tCO₂e by 2035. EU-ETS carbon prices surpassed the 100 euros per metric ton threshold for the first time in February 2023.

Prices for EU Carbon Permits including live quotes, historical charts and news. EU Carbon Permits was last updated by Trading Economics this March 27 of 2025.

The average closing spot price of European Emission Allowances (EUAs) has increased notably since reforms were made to the EU ETS in 2018. In 2022, the average closing spot price of CO₂ EUAs increased by roughly 19 percent to 47.3 euros per metric ton of CO₂.

This paper studies the heterogeneous effects of exchange rate and stock market on carbon emission allowance price in four emissions trading scheme pilots in China. We employ a panel quantile regression model, which can describe both individual and distributional heterogeneity. The empirical results illustrate that the effects of explanatory variables on carbon emission allowance price is heterogeneous along the whole quantiles. Specifically, exchange rate has a negative effect on carbon emission allowance price at lower quantiles, while becomes a positive effect at higher quantiles. In addition, a negative effect exists between domestic stock market and carbon emission allowance price, and the intensity decreasing along with the increase of quantile. By contrast, an increasing positive effect is discovered between European stock market and domestic carbon emission allowance prices. Finally, heterogeneous effects on carbon emission allowance price can also be proved in European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS).

The cost of UK ETS carbon permits (UKAs) was around 100 GBP in February 2023, but prices have fallen considerably since then. Prices on January 16, 2025 were just 32.57 GBP, down 11 percent from the same date the previous year. Formerly part of the EU ETS, the UK launched its own cap-and-trade system in 2021 following Brexit. Why has the UK’s carbon price fallen? Several factors have contributed to falling UK carbon prices, including mild winter weather and reduced power demand, as well as a surplus of carbon allowances on the market. While prices have recovered marginally from the record lows, they remain markedly below carbon prices on the EU ETS. The low cost of UK carbon permits has raised concerns that it could deter investment in renewable energy. Future of UK ETS The UK ETS covers emissions from domestic aviation and the industry and power sectors, amounting to some 30 percent of the country’s annual GHG emissions. There are plans to expand the system over the coming years to cover CO₂ venting by the upstream oil and gas sector, domestic maritime emissions, and energy from waste and waste incineration. The UK is also looking to introduce a carbon border adjustment mechanism, which would place a carbon price on certain emissions-intensive industrial goods imported to the UK.

These are inputs into the BEIS Carbon Price Models, which are used for analysis, including for estimating impacts on the carbon price of policy changes, and for producing BEIS's updated short-term traded carbon values for modelling purposes and for public policy appraisal. Updated short-term traded carbon values for modelling purposes have been used in the latest update to BEIS’s Energy and Emissions projections (EEP) and will be used in other models of electricity generation and investment across government. BEIS’s short-term traded carbon values for UK public policy appraisal are used for valuing the impact of government policies on emissions in the traded sector, that is those sectors covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). These data are not released: they are commercial in nature because they have been produced for the Department by external contractors under commercial contract.

Carbon prices across multiple emissions trading systems worldwide are expected to increase during the period of 2026 to 2030, compared to 2022 to 2026. The average EU ETS carbon price is expected to be 84.4 euros per metric ton of CO₂ during the period 2022 to 2025, but is projected to rise to almost 100 euros per metric ton of CO₂ during the period of 2026 to 2030, according to a survey of International Emissions Trading Association members. EU ETS carbon pricing broke the 90 euros per metric ton of CO₂ barrier in February 2022, and in February 2023 it surpassed 100 euros per metric ton of CO₂.

Empirical result of European market.

Empirical results of panel quantile regression.

Poland had the highest EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) freely allocated allowance in 2005 and 2006, at 237.6 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent — a 23 percent share of the total EU ETS. In 2023, ETS freely allocated allowances decreased to 42.4 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. The EU Emissions Trading System is a carbon credit market used to mitigate climate change and one of the tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Variables’ definition.

Free allowances in the EU-ETS are to be phased out gradually from 2026 and will end by 2034. These free allowances are to be replaced with the world's first carbon border levy, which will take effect in 2026. The newly adopted carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) will initially apply to imports of several carbon intensive products that are at the most risk of carbon leakage, such as iron and steel, cement, aluminum, and electricity, therefore making foreign firms and competitors pay the same carbon price as European industries. The CBAM phase-in plan will cease EU-ETS freely allocated allowances over a nine-year period.

This dataset contains two resources: stock closing prices from January to February 2025 and EU ETS verified emissions and allowances data for Finland across several years, including 2025.

There are two data sets. First, observed time series of prices of carbon allowances in the EU-ETS. Second, simulated data on prices, emissions, banked emissions, auctioning, in various scenarios. The purpose of these scenarios is to compare those scenarios with cancellation rules as specified in the Market Stability Reserves, with scenarios without these cancellation rules.

European Union Emission Trading System (EU-ETS) revenues reached a record high of 47.4 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. This accounted for around 63 percent of global emissions trading revenues that year. EU-ETS revenues from the auctioning of allowances has increased considerably in recent years, owing to factors like rising prices. EU ETS revenues go toward various end uses, including renewable energy development, low-carbon transportation, and improving energy efficiency.

The price of one carbon allowance under the United Kingdom Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS) was 45.06 U.S. dollars per metric ton on April 1, 2024, This was roughly half of what one allowance cost a year earlier. The UK ETS launched in 2021 after the country's withdrawal from the European Union, and covers emissions from energy-intensive industries, the power generation sector, and aviation.