Migration in Europe in 2024 marks a return to normality after the extreme disruptions experienced in 2022. While in 2022 ******* saw the largest negative net migration balance, with almost * million of its citizens fleeing the eastern European country in the aftermath of Russia's invasion, in 2024 it is in fact the country with the largest positive net migration balance. Over **** million Ukrainians have returned to their home country from abroad, leading Poland, Romania, and Hungary to have large net migration deficits, as they were key recipient countries for Ukrainians in 2022. The other countries which experienced large positive net migration balances in 2023 are all in Western Europe, as the UK, the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Spain all remain popular destinations for migrants.

European Union immigration statistics for 2015 was 45,527,606, a 4.19% increase from 2010.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>European Union immigration statistics for 2010 was <strong>43,696,432</strong>, a <strong>18.8% increase</strong> from 2005.</li>
<li>European Union immigration statistics for 2005 was <strong>36,780,404</strong>, a <strong>24.25% increase</strong> from 2000.</li>
<li>European Union immigration statistics for 2000 was <strong>29,602,637</strong>, a <strong>12.55% increase</strong> from 1995.</li>
</ul>International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.

Total number of long-term immigrants arriving into the reporting country during the reference year

In 2021, Germany, Spain, and France were the countries which saw the highest immigration in the European Union. Germany alone say over 870,000 immigrants entering the country in that year, with a majority coming from non-EU countries. There is significant variation in the make-up of the inflows of migrants in different EU member states, with countries such as Spain and Italy seeing large majorities coming from outside the EU, while France and Germany saw roughly an equal number of migrants coming from other EU countries or being returning citizens of those countries. The Netherlands and Belgium stand out as countries which saw more intra-EU migrants than non-EU migrants, with approximately 90,000 and 63,000 moving to these countries respectively from within the EU. Several EU member states saw the greatest share of migrants being citizens of the country themselves, with Romania, Ireland, Greece, and Portugal being notable in this respect. These countries have all seen large flows of people working in other EU member states in recent years, who in many case return to their country of origin within a couple of years.

In 2025, the European country registering the largest number of migrants' arrivals was Italy. As of June 2025, 27,000 immigrants reached the Italian peninsula by sea. Spain had the second-largest number of arrivals by sea, 16,400 immigrants, both from the Wester Mediterranean route and the Wester African Atlantic route.

As of 2021, Germany was the European Union country which saw the largest number of immigrants from non-EU countries, with over 430,000 migrants with non-EU citizenship moving to Germany. Spain was the country with the second largets number of extra-EU immigrants, at roughly 346,000 people, while Italy and France saw 200,000 and 170,000 respectively.

United States Immigrants Admitted: Europe data was reported at 84,335.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 93,567.000 Person for 2016. United States Immigrants Admitted: Europe data is updated yearly, averaging 104,629.000 Person from Sep 1986 (Median) to 2017, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 165,507.000 Person in 2001 and a record low of 61,174.000 Person in 1987. United States Immigrants Admitted: Europe data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Homeland Security. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.G087: Immigration.

Graph and download economic data for Net migration for the European Union (SMPOPNETMEUU) from 1962 to 2017 about EU, migration, Europe, Net, and 5-year.

Migration data in EU in 2023 based on Eurostat datasets.

Including: People living in the EU in 2023, Foreign-born residents per country, Reasons to stay in Europe, Employment of immigrants, Refugees in Europe, Migration to and from the EU, Seeking asylum in Europe, Irregular border crossings

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Analysis of ‘Immigration statistics ’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/d82db639-d56c-47e7-9b37-ca074f08c1a2 on 17 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Statistical data on the activity of the General Inspectorate for Immigration in the area of competence

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

This release replaces the previous annual and quarterly publications Control of Immigration Statistics and the annual British Citizenship, following a public consultation. Each topic now has its own entry, links to these related reports can be found under the "additional links" section. The European Economic Area (EEA) consists of countries within the EU, together with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. Nationals of the EEA and Switzerland have rights of free movement within the United Kingdom. This means that there is less information on numbers coming to the United Kingdom than for nationals of other countries. This topic brief brings together the information that is known about these nationals.

Quarterly and annual statistics relating to information on border control and visas, asylum, managed migration, and enforcement and compliance. A new format for these statistics was introduced from second quarter 2011. See separate entry under immigration statistics at: http://data.gov.uk/dataset/immigration-statistics.

Norway Immigration: Europe: Germany data was reported at 1,403.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,534.000 Person for 2016. Norway Immigration: Europe: Germany data is updated yearly, averaging 897.000 Person from Dec 1967 (Median) to 2017, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,580.000 Person in 2008 and a record low of 580.000 Person in 1979. Norway Immigration: Europe: Germany data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Norway. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.G006: Immigration: by Country.

This release replaces the previous annual and quarterly publications Control of Immigration Statistics and the annual British Citizenship, following a public consultation. Each topic now has its own entry, links to these related reports can be found under the "additional links" section. There are a number of different measures that can be used to monitor numbers of people coming to the United Kingdom for study.

For those students who are subject to immigration control, administrative information is available on student visas and visa extensions, as well as records of students admitted. The International Passenger Survey (IPS), run by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), provides estimates of all students arriving in the UK, with the ONS migration statistics focussing on those who intend to stay for a year or more. Research into students has also been published, for example Migrant Journey Analysis that involved linking records to give a more complete picture as to what happened to a group of students over a five year period.

These various statistics and research can appear to give different pictures of student immigration. Often this is because the latest data for different measures cover different time periods. In addition, they also count different aspects of the immigration process, with some showing intentions or permissions, whilst others show actual events.

As of 2023, Germany was the European Union member state with the greatest number of people coming from other EU member states living in the country, with over 4.5 million EU migrants. Other countries with large populations of intra-EU migrants include Spain, France, and Italy. As a share of population, Ireland stands and Belgium stand out among EU countries, with around 10% of the population of these countries being from other EU member states, while in Luxembourg it is around a third.

This record contains data on: entrance clearance visas and extension of stay relating to families.

This table contains figures on immigrants with a nationality from a country outside the EU or EFTA who have come to the Netherlands. The data are broken down by gender, age group, migration motive, nationality, socio-economic category and length of stay. The migration motive of immigrants from non-EU/EFTA countries is based on the permit issued to the immigrant by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (IND). This table only includes immigrants who, at the time of immigration, had the nationality of countries that were not members of the European Union (EU) or the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) at that time. Immigrants from outside the EU/EFTA need a residence permit from the IND. Immigrants from countries that joined the EU or EFTA in the period 1999-2022 are included in this table if the year of immigration is before the year of accession. Although the United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020, a withdrawal agreement allowed free movement of persons until 31 December 2020. This table therefore only includes immigrants from the United Kingdom from 1 January 2021. This table checks for all non-EU/EFTA immigrants each year after their arrival in the Netherlands whether they still live in the Netherlands and to what socio-economic category they belong. This always happens on the same date. So for someone who came to live in the Netherlands on February 12, 1999, it will be checked on February 12, 2000 whether this person is still there and information will be given about his/her socio-economic category. The Length of stay selection shows the original number of immigrants that came to the Netherlands in the year of immigration for all years. The selection Socio-economic category shows whether someone is still present and what his/her main source of income is. The variable Migration motive has been expanded with a category 'Temporary protection'. This includes persons who fled to the Netherlands after the start of the war in Ukraine on 24 February 2022 and applied for protection here. They do not have to go through the official IND asylum procedure, but fall under the European Temporary Protection Directive. See also: IND Process for Refugees from Ukraine (IND) (link available under section 3. LINKS TO RELEVANT TABLES AND ARTICLES) Ukraine Temporary Protection Directive (IND) (link available under section 3. LINKS TO RELEVANT TABLES AND ARTICLES) Within the In terms of migration motives statistics, Statistics Netherlands distinguishes labor migration into two subcategories for the immigration of non-EU/EFTA nationals: knowledge and other labor migration. Up to and including the update in 2021, Statistics Netherlands only labeled the IND highly skilled migrant scheme as highly skilled migration, all other labor migration schemes were classified as other labor migration. From the update in 2022, the other schemes associated with the highly skilled migrant scheme will also be classified as knowledge. This also includes, for example, the schemes for the self-employed, scientific researchers and potential highly skilled migrants. This means that with effect from the update in 2022, the subdivision of labor migrants into knowledge and other labor migrants in this table has been adjusted for all reporting years. As a result, the figures on these two types of labor migrants from the 2022 update are not directly comparable with figures published up to and including the 2021 update. Data available from: 1999 Status of the figures: The figures in this table are provisional. Information that became known later has been incorporated into the figures for the previous periods. As a result, minor deviations from previously published figures are possible. Changes as of 30 June 2023: The provisional figures for 2022 have been added. An additional length of stay has been added to the immigration years 1999 through 2021; The nationalities Armenian, Azerbaijani, Georgian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Tajik, Turkmen and Turkish are assigned to continent Asia (was Europe); The folder 'Migration motive' has been expanded with the category 'Temporary protection'; When will new numbers come out? The figures for 2023 will be published in June 2024.

It has convincingly been argued that in the United States, immigration is detrimental to welfare state support. In Europe, on the other hand, there is little evidence for such a negative relationship. This article examines whether a particular type of immigration – rapidly escalating intra-European Union (EU) immigration – reduces public support for the welfare state. We argue that because EU states cannot discriminate against resident EU nationals from other countries in the field of social security, intra-EU immigration will negatively affect attitudes towards welfare spending. To test this expectation, we use data from the European Social Survey of 2008, among other sources. The results of our multilevel analyses document a negative relationship between intra-EU immigration and welfare state support, supporting our hypothesis.

How will worldwide changes in population affect pressures for international migration in the future? We examine the past three decades, during which population pressures contributed to substantial labor flows from neighboring countries into the United States and Europe, and contrast them with the coming three decades, which will see sharp reductions in labor-supply growth in Latin America but not in Africa or much of the Middle East. Using a gravity-style empirical model, we examine the contribution of changes in relative labor-supply to bilateral migration in the 2000s and then apply this model to project future bilateral flows based on long-run UN forecasts of working-age populations in sending and receiving countries. Because the Americas are entering an era of uniformly low population growth, labor flows across the Rio Grande are projected to slow markedly. Europe, in contrast, will face substantial demographically driven migration pressures from across the Mediterranean for decades to come. Although these projected inflows would triple the first-generation immigrant stocks of larger European countries between 2010 and 2040, they would still absorb only a small fraction of the 800-million-person increase in the working-age population of Sub-Saharan Africa that is projected to occur over this period.

Historical dataset showing European Union immigration statistics by year from 1960 to 2015.