Euro Area's main stock market index, the EU50, rose to 5652 points on October 3, 2025, gaining 0.14% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 5.71% and is up 14.07% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Euro Area. Euro Area Stock Market Index (EU50) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

End-of-day prices refer to the closing prices of various financial instruments, such as equities (stocks), bonds, and indices, at the end of a trading session on a particular trading day. These prices are crucial pieces of market data used by investors, traders, and financial institutions to track the performance and value of these assets over time. The Techsalerator closing prices dataset is considered the most up-to-date, standardized valuation of a security trading commences again on the next trading day. This data is used for portfolio valuation, index calculation, technical analysis and benchmarking throughout the financial industry. The End-of-Day Pricing service covers equities, equity derivative bonds, and indices listed on 170 markets worldwide.

Dataset replaced by: http://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/0wELCi19jzWrPirz7ungw

P-values of two samples Kolmogorov-Smirnov test comparing real data distribution with q normal distribution for individual stocks and the whole WIG 30 index (independent fit of left and right tail is performed).

Prices for EU Carbon Permits including live quotes, historical charts and news. EU Carbon Permits was last updated by Trading Economics this October 3 of 2025.

Prices for Euro Area Stock Market Index (EU50) including live quotes, historical charts and news. Euro Area Stock Market Index (EU50) was last updated by Trading Economics this October 4 of 2025.

France's main stock market index, the FR40, rose to 8082 points on October 3, 2025, gaining 0.31% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 4.97% and is up 7.16% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from France. France Stock Market Index (FR40) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Eurostat uses as a base for its work the OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment Third Edition, a detailed operational definition fully consistent with the IMF Balance of Payments Manual, Fifth Edition, BPM5.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the category of international investment made by an entity resident in one economy (direct investor) to acquire a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in another economy (direct investment enterprise). The lasting interest is deemed to exist if the direct investor acquires at least 10% of the voting power of the direct investment enterprise.

FDI statistics record separately:

1) Inward FDI (or FDI in the reporting economy), namely investment by foreigners in enterprises resident in the reporting economy.

2) Outward FDI (or FDI abroad), namely investment by residents entities in affiliated enterprises abroad.

FDI statistics record both the initial investment and all subsequent investment made by the direct investor, either in the form of equity capital, or in the form of loans, or in the form of reinvesting earnings. Investment made through other affiliated enterprises of the same group of the direct investor should also be recorded according to the international methodology.

There are three main indicators: FDI flows, stocks and income.

The indicators described in more detail below are presented in the complete tables with a breakdown by partner country or region and a breakdown by the kind of activity in which FDI is made. In the table called "Main indicators" there is a reduced breakdown by partners and data for total activity only. See the part on classification system for more detail. See also the User's guideon the structure on the database and for practical information on data downloading.

1) FDI flows denote the new investment made during the period.

FDI flows are recorded in the Balance of Payments financial account. Total FDI flows are broken down by kind of instrument used for making the investment:

• Equity capital

comprises equity in branches, all shares in subsidiaries and associates (except non-participating, preferred shares that are treated as debt securities and are included under other FDI capital) and other contributions such as the provision of machinery.

• Reinvested earnings

consist of the direct investor's share (in proportion to equity participation) of earnings not distributed by the direct investment enterprise. Reinvested earnings are an imputed transaction. Reinvested earnings are also recorded with opposite sign among FDI income (see below). This recording represents not distributed income as being earned by the direct investor and reinvested in the direct investment enterprise at the same time.

• Other FDI capital (loans)

covers the borrowing and lending of funds, including debt securities and trade credits between direct investors and direct investment enterprises. Debt transactions between affiliated financial intermediaries recorded under direct investment flows are limited to permanent debt.

2) FDI stocks (or positions) denote the value of the investment at the end of the period.

FDI stocks are recorded in the International Investment Position. Outward FDI stocks are recorded as assets of the reporting economy, inward FDI stocks as liabilities. Similarly with flows, FDI stocks are broken down by kind of instrument. However, there are only two categories instead of three:

• Equity capital and reinvested earnings

is the value of the own capital of the enterprise, including the value of own reserves that are accumulated from past reinvested earnings. Reserves corresponding to reinvested earnings are not shown separately from other equity capital as in the case of flows.

• Other FDI capital

is the stock of debts (assets or liabilities) between the direct investors and the direct investment enterprise.

3) FDI income is the income accruing to direct investors during the period.

FDI income is recorded in the current account of the Balance of Payments. Total FDI income is broken down by kind of income. The categories of FDI income available are linked to the breakdown of FDI flows and stocks by kind of instrument, namely:

• Dividends

Dividends payable in the period and branch profits remitted to the direct investor, gross of any withholding taxes. Dividends include payments due on common and preferred shares.

• Reinvested earnings

See definition under FDI flows.

• Interest on loans

Interest accrued in the period on loans (other FDI capital) with affiliated enterprises, gross of any withholding tax.

4) FDI intensity

Out of FDI annual data, an indicator useful to measure EU market integration is also calculated and disseminated in the domain Structural Indicators:

• FDI intensity as % of GDP: Average of inward and outward FDI flows divided by GDP. A higher index indicates higher new FDI during the period in relation to the size of the economy as measured by GDP.

If this index increases over time, then the country/zone is becoming more integrated with the international economy.

View monthly updates and historical trends for European Union Natural Gas Import Price. Source: World Bank. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

The Europe methanol market attained a volume of 11.16 Million Tons in 2024. Surging interest in methanol as a marine fuel alternative, backed by IMO 2030 decarbonisation targets is reshaping demand from European shipping majors seeking low-emission propulsion strategies. As a result, the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.50% during the forecast period of 2025-2034 to reach a volume of 15.74 Million Tons by 2034.

The market is further shaped by shifting feedstock preferences, circular economy goals, and stringent decarbonisation mandates. The region's methanol capacity stood at 132.4 million metric tons, with Germany and the Netherlands contributing nearly 60% of production, as reported by Methanol Institute. As part of Europe’s Green Deal, methanol's role as a hydrogen carrier and marine fuel substitute is gaining significant traction.

The European Commission’s REPowerEU plan is also accelerating domestic clean fuel production. For instance, Sweden’s Liquid Wind and Denmark’s Ørsted are investing in e-methanol projects targeting maritime use. On the other hand, by 2025, Ørsted’s FlagshipONE plant is set to produce 50,000 tons of e-methanol annually. These initiatives align with the European Union’s Fit for 55 strategy, aiming to reduce GHG emissions by 2030, boosting the Europe methanol market dynamics.

Moreover, methanol-to-hydrogen solutions are being piloted in Norway. These ventures showcase the expanding scope of methanol beyond legacy applications like MTBE and formaldehyde. The integration of circular feedstocks, such as CO2-based methanol, is also emerging as a disruptive force. Startups like Carbon Recycling International are gaining B2B attention, while pilot plants are supported by Horizon 2020 funding.

The Europe data center market was estimated at USD 47.23 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 97.30 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 12.80% from 2024 to 2030.

Attitude to the European domestic market. Topics: Party preference; age at completion of school or university education; satisfaction with policies of the national government and the policies of the EC Commission in Brussels; hopes or fears in view of the European domestic market; type of hopes and fears regarding the domestic market; personally experienced positive or negative changes since introduction of the domestic market; expectation of advantages or disadvantages for the country as well as for the respondent personally; attitude to travel freedom and freedom to establish branch offices for the citizens of all EC member countries; trips to other countries in Europe since introduction of the European domestic market and countries visited; checks of passport or identity card as well as luggage at the border; country conducting these checks; increased inclination toward purchase of foreign products due to the domestic market; type of expected advantages and disadvantages from the elimination of border checks with train traffic; expected effects from free access to services in all countries of the EC; personal interest in use of services from other countries; realization of freedom of movement of traffic in services already achieved; expected effects on service companies; expected improvement in consumer protection in the European domestic market. Einstellung zum europäischen Binnenmarkt. Themen: Parteipräferenz; Alter beim Beenden der Schul- bzw. Universitätsausbildung; Zufriedenheit mit der Politik der nationalen Regierung und der Politik der EG-Kommission in Brüssel; Hoffnungen oder Befürchtungen im Hinblick auf den europäischen Binnenmarkt; Art der Hoffnungen und Befürchtungen bezüglich des Binnenmarktes; persönlich erfahrene positive oder negative Veränderungen seit Einführung des Binnenmarktes; Erwartung von Vorteilen oder Nachteilen für das Land sowie für den Befragten persönlich; Einstellung zur Reisefreiheit und Niederlassungsfreiheit der Bürger aller EG-Mitgliedstaaten; innereuropäische Auslandsreisen seit der Einführung des europäischen Binnenmarktes und dabei bereiste Länder; Paß- bzw. Personalausweiskontrolle sowie Gepäckkontrolle an der Grenze; Land, das diese Kontrollen durchführte; verstärkte Neigung zum Kauf von ausländischen Waren durch den Binnenmarkt; Art der erwarteten Vorteile und Nachteile durch den Wegfall der Grenzkontrollen beim Bahnverkehr; erwartete Effekte durch den freien Zugang zu Dienstleistungen in allen Ländern der EG; eigenes Interesse an der Nutzung von Dienstleistungen aus anderen Ländern; bereits erreichte Verwirklichung der Freizügigkeit des Dienstleistungsverkehrs; erwartete Effekte auf die Dienstleistungsunternehmen; erwartete Verbesserung des Verbraucherschutzes im europäischen Binnenmarkt.

This ranking displays the results of the worldwide Made-In-Country Index 2017, a survey conducted to show how positively products "made in..." are perceived in various countries all over the world. During this survey, 94 percent of respondents from Algeria perceived products made in the European Union as "slightly positive" or "very positive".

The Europe Alternating Current (AC) Drive Market is segmented by Voltage (Low and Medium), by End-user Industry (Oil & Gas, Chemical & Petrochemical, Food & Beverage, Water & Wastewater, Power Generation, Metal & Mining, Pulp & Paper, HVAC, Discrete Industries), and by Country.

The European Union's total Exports in 2024 were valued at US$2.80 Trillion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. The European Union's main export partners were: the United States, the United Kingdom and China. The top three export commodities were: Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers; Pharmaceutical products and Vehicles other than railway, tramway. Total Imports were valued at US$2.64 Trillion. In 2024, The European Union had a trade surplus of US$159.68 Billion.

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is valued to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% from 2024 to 2029. Growing urbanization and digitalization will drive the foreign exchange market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

Europe dominated the market and accounted for a 47% growth during the forecast period.
By Type - Reporting dealers segment was valued at USD 278.60 billion in 2023
By Trade Finance Instruments - Currency swaps segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 118.14 billion
Market Future Opportunities: USD 582.00 billion
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 10.6%

Market Summary

The market, a dynamic and intricate web of financial transactions, plays a pivotal role in facilitating global trade and economic interactions. Its primary function is to enable the conversion of one currency into another, thereby mitigating the risk of currency fluctuations for businesses and investors. Key drivers of this market include growing urbanization and digitalization, which have expanded trading opportunities to a 24x7 global economy. However, the uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a significant challenge, necessitating effective risk management strategies. The market's evolution reflects the increasing interconnectedness of the global economy. Transactions occur in a decentralized, over-the-counter system, with major trading centers in London, New York, and Tokyo.
Participants include commercial banks, investment banks, hedge funds, and individual investors, all seeking to capitalize on price differences between currencies. Trends shaping the market include the increasing use of automation and artificial intelligence to analyze market data and execute trades. Regulatory changes, such as the introduction of stricter capital requirements, also impact the market's functioning. Looking ahead, the market is expected to remain a vital component of the global financial landscape, with continued growth driven by increased trade and economic interdependence. However, challenges, such as regulatory changes and geopolitical risks, will necessitate adaptability and innovation from market participants.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Foreign Exchange Market Segmented ?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market, a dynamic and ever-evolving financial landscape, is characterized by constant activity and intricate patterns. Participants engage in various trading strategies, employing advanced tools such as stop-loss and take-profit orders on forex trading platforms. Real-time data feeds and order book dynamics facilitate trade execution speed, while market microstructure and slippage minimization techniques ensure efficient transactions. Currency correlation analysis and transaction cost analysis are integral to informed decision-making, with backtesting methodologies providing valuable insights. Currency forwards contracts, position sizing techniques, and forex derivatives pricing are essential components of risk management systems. Carry trade strategies, hedging strategies, and interest rate parity are popular tactics employed by market participants.

Algorithmic trading strategies, driven by options pricing models and trading algorithms' efficiency, significantly influence price discovery mechanisms. High-frequency trading and volatility modeling contribute to the market's liquidity risk management, while foreign exchange swaps and currency option valuation help manage risk. The market's complexities necessitate sophisticated risk management systems and intricate order routing optimization. Global payments systems facilitate the smooth transfer of funds, and liquidity risk management remains a critical concern for market participants. According to recent studies, The market is estimated to account for approximately USD6 trillion in daily trading volume, und

The Europe Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Market report segments the industry into End User Industry (Aerospace, Automotive, Electrical and Electronics, Industrial and Machinery, Other End-user Industries) and Country (France, Germany, Italy, Russia, United Kingdom, Rest of Europe). The report also provides five years of historical data along with five-year market forecasts.

Revenue in Europe’s Call Centre Operations industry is anticipated to grow at a compound annual rate of 1.9% to €40.3 billion over the five years through 2025. A growing number of companies are leveraging technology to enhance customer engagement and diversify their sources of income, which has resulted in healthier demand for call centres. Over recent years, companies have navigated inflationary pressures and underperforming consumer and business sentiment. While Eurozone inflation performed better than the European Central Bank initially expected in 2023, inflationary pressures persisted through 2024. This proved difficult for the industry, as clients cut back the number of call centre agents they employ, depleting customer satisfaction with the industry. In 2025, revenue is projected to grow by 2.5% as call centres embrace AI, improving cost efficiencies through lower handling times and giving them more cash to reinvest in product development and marketing. However, lacklustre business confidence remains a challenge for the industry, trending downwards over recent years amid higher interest rates and a gloomy economic outlook. In 2025, the EU’s trade agreement only made matters worse, resulting in a 15% tariff on almost all European goods leaving for the US, up from the original 4.8%. Revenue is estimated to expand at a compound annual rate of 9% over the five years through 2029 to €62 billion. Call centres will increasingly adapt to the digitising world, adopting omnichannel approaches that improve accessibility for customers. As AI continues to evolve, the software will begin to handle more intricate tasks in the future, limiting the need for employee support and driving cost efficiencies. With more cash available, businesses will broaden their operations and introduce new products, limiting their exposure to economic swings. Over the coming years, call centres will have to navigate an increasingly complex regulatory environment aimed at safeguarding AI. This includes the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, introduced in August 2024, becoming the first comprehensive regulatory framework for AI regulation.

Key information about European Union Foreign Portfolio Investment

• European Union Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 239.270 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with an increase of 273.769 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• EU Foreign Portfolio Investment: USD mn data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1999 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 367.185 USD bn in Jun 2014 and a record low of -228.388 USD bn in Dec 2020.

CEIC calculates quarterly Foreign Portfolio Investment from monthly Foreign Portfolio Investment and converts it into USD. European Central Bank provides Foreign Portfolio Investment in EUR. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Foreign Portfolio Investment covers Euro Area 20. Foreign Portfolio Investment prior to Q1 2013 covers Euro Area 19.


Related information about European Union Foreign Portfolio Investment

• In the latest reports of EU, Current Account recorded a surplus of 185.094 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 4.825 USD bn in Nov 2024.
• EU Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 7.210 USD bn in Nov 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 4,430.431 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Europe Software Market size was USD 204372.36 Million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2024 to 2031.