The European Union has experienced a shift in its biggest trade partners since the early 2000s. Over the past two decades, the share of EU imports flowing from China has more than doubled, from around 8 percent in 2002 to over 20 percent in 2024, making China the EU's largest external import partner. At the same time, the proportion of total imports coming from the United Kingdom, which was historically a large importer to EU countries (the UK was an EU member state until 2020), have more than halved, from 18 percent to less than 7 percent. This secular trend existed before the UK voted to leave the EU in 2016, however, there has been a notable drop in imports from the UK since Brexit was enacted in 2020. By contrast the share of the EU's import trade taken by the U.S., Switzerland, and the Rest of World have remained relatively stable over this period. The share of exports coming from Russia was growing steadily in the period before 2014, after which the EU imposed economic sanctions on Russia due to the illegal annexation of Crimea from Ukraine. Imports from Russia collapsed in 2023, due to the effect of the additional economic sanctions placed on Russia in response to the full scale invasion of Ukraine in February of 2022.The Russian Federation is now only the tenth-largest exporter to the EU, after India, Japan, and South Korea.

International trade in goods statistics (ITGS) published by Eurostat measure the value and quantity of goods traded between the EU Member States (intra-EU trade) and goods traded by the EU Member States with non-EU countries (extra-EU trade). ‘Goods’ means all movable property including electricity. ‘European’ means that the statistics are compiled on the basis of the concepts and definitions set out in EU legislation. ‘National’ statistics, i.e. statistics published at national level by the Member States, are compiled on the basis of national rules which may differ from EU rules. European ITGS are the official harmonised source of information about exports, imports and the trade balances of the EU, its Member States and the euro area.

Aggregated versus detailed data

International trade in goods statistics are published through different datasets grouped into two categories:

• Aggregated data refer to macroeconomic indicators for the EU and euro area. Monthly (short-term indicators) and annual (long-term indicators) data are aggregated by broad product categories. Broad product categories are defined as one-digit codes of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) or aggregates of the Broad Economic Categories (BEC).
• Detailed data refer to the most detailed level of the following product nomenclatures: the Combined Nomenclature (CN), the SITC, the BEC, the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) and the Standard Goods Classification for Transport Statistics/Revised (NSTR). Detailed data also contain product aggregations at higher levels.

Statistical dimensions

Data periodicity (monthly or yearly) and product nomenclature (CN, SITC, BEC or CPA) differ depending on the dataset, but the following statistical fields are always available:

• reporting country: country or geo-economic area such as EU or euro area;
• partner country: EU Member State, non-EU country or geo-economic area.
• reference period: month and/or year;
• trade flows: import and export; and
• product according to the relevant classification.

Besides the dimensions listed above, specific datasets contain information on the mode of transport (e.g. by sea, by air or by road) or the statistical procedure (normal trade versus trade for processing activities).

The United States is the European Union's biggest trading partner as of 2023, with the total value of trade between the EU and the North American country exceeding ****billion dollars. China was the EU's second-largest trading partner, however, in contrast to the substantial trade surplus that the EU has with the United States, the EU has a large trade deficit with China. In 2022, the EU imported *** billion euros worth of goods from China than it exported to the East Asian country. Other prominent trade partners included the UK, Switzerland, and Turkey.

The European Union's total Exports in 2024 were valued at US$2.80 Trillion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. The European Union's main export partners were: the United States, the United Kingdom and China. The top three export commodities were: Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers; Pharmaceutical products and Vehicles other than railway, tramway. Total Imports were valued at US$2.64 Trillion. In 2024, The European Union had a trade surplus of US$159.68 Billion.

The export trade of the European Union experienced some notable shifts over the two decades since 2002, with China emerging as a significant export market and the United Kingdom losing its place as the EU's single largest export partner. The United Kingdom's declining share of EU exports The UK, which was a member of the European Union until 2020, declined in its importance as an export market for EU producers over this period. Representing over a fifth of the export trade in 2002, the UK now takes only 13 percent of EU exports, and looks likely to be eclipsed by China's growing share in the coming years. The complications to EU-UK trade caused by the UK's exit agreement with the EU is also likely to contribute to slowing trade flows between the two partners. China's emergence as a key export market As with most other areas of the global economy, the past two decades has largely been the story of China's emergence as a key trading partner. China's share of EU exports was comparable to Japan or Norway at the beginning of the period, while it now represents the EU's third largest export market. While this is a significant change, China takes up a much larger share of imports into the EU, where it is the largest single trading partner. As Chinese incomes rise in the coming decades, the significance of China as an export market for EU producers is likely to rise, geopolitical tension notwithstanding. The Euro and exports to the U.S. The EU's export trade with the United States over this period experienced a relative decline in the period running up to 2014, as the Euro appreciated in its value against the U.S. dollar, making European exports more expensive for Americans. This declining share of the EU's export trade taken by the U.S. was reversed in the latter half of the 2010s however, as the Euro depreciated and European exports to the U.S. increased. Issues with Russia Another notable trend over the period was Russia's emergence as a key export market in the mid-2000s, as the Russian economy grew quickly and Russian consumers began to demand EU made products. Russia declined as a market for EU exports after 2014, as trade was complicated by Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, and the subsequent devaluation of the Ruble and collapse in the price of Ural crude oil.

The European Union's total Imports in 2024 were valued at US$2.64 Trillion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. The European Union's main import partners were: China, the United States and the United Kingdom. The top three import commodities were: Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products; Electrical, electronic equipment and Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers. Total Exports were valued at US$2.80 Trillion. In 2024, The European Union had a trade surplus of US$159.68 Billion.

Germany, the United States, and France were the three biggest export markets for exporters from European Union member states, as of 2022. Over the two decades from 2002 to 2022, Germany, Poland, China, and the rest of the EU grew substantially as export markets, with China and Poland both more than doubling their shares of total EU exports. On the other hand, the UK was the fastest declining export market, as its share of EU exports sank from approximately 9.5 percent to less than 5 percent in 2022.

As of 2023, the country from which EU member states imported the most was from Germany, followed by the Netherlands. In terms of non-EU exporters to the EU, China is currently the largest trading partner, accounting for 8 percent of all imports in 2023 - a tenfold increase in its share of EU imports since 1988. Other exporters who have grown to be important trading partners for EU countries in recent decades include the post-communist countries of Poland and Czechia, both of whom joined the EU in 2004. Poland's share of EU imports has more than doubled, from 1.4 percent to 3.8 percent, in the period since its entry into the EU, while Czechia's has increased from 1.3 percent to 2.8 percent over the same period. Several exporters have declined in relative importance for EU countries during this period, with the United Kingdom, United States, France, and Italy seeing their shares decline. The United Kingdom in particular has seen its share of EU imports drop to nearly a third of their 1997 level, when the UK made up 7.2 percent of all imports into EU countries. The UK reported a significant drop in 2021, the first full year after the country left the EU, however, the UK's share of EU imports has slightly risen in subsequent years.

The main objective of the trade in goods statistics by enterprise characteristics (TEC) is to bridge two major statistical domains which have traditionally been compiled and used separately, business statistics and international trade in goods statistics (ITGS). Specifically, this new domain was created to answer questions such as:

• What kind of businesses are behind the trade flows of goods?
• What is the contribution of a particular activity sector to trade?
• What is the share of small and medium-sized enterprises to total trade?
• What is the share of enterprises that trade with a certain partner country and the amount of trade value they account for?

For this purpose, the trade in goods between countries is broken down by economic activity, size-class of enterprises, trade concentration, geographical diversification and products traded. The new information is used to carry out more sophisticated kinds of analysis, e.g. to evaluate the role of European companies in the context of globalisation or to assess the impact of international trade in goods on employment, production and value added, essential in a globalised world where economies are increasingly interconnected.

Available datasets

TEC data are grouped into ten datasets, each one focusing on a specific aspect:

1. Trade by activity sector and enterprise size class — Trade by activity sector and employment size class shows the contributions of economic activities and size classes (measured in terms of number of employees until 2021 and in term of number of employees and self-employed from 2022 reference year) to total trade. This allows the impact of international trade on employment to be analysed and the importance of small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) to be estimated.

2. Concentration of trade by activity — International trade being typically dominated by a few businesses, this indicator shows the share of the total trade accounted for by the top 5, 10, 20, etc. companies.

3. Trade by partner country and activity — Trade by partner country shows how many companies were trading with certain partner countries or country zones, and the value they accounted for. This indicator enables the most typical export or import markets to be identified.

4. Trade by number of partner countries and activity — Trade by number of partner countries shows how geographically diversified the export markets are. For imports, it shows the number of countries from which goods are imported.

5. Trade by commodity and activity — Trade by commodity and activity sector allocates the trade of each commodity to the activity of the trading enterprise. This indicator shows which sectors were involved in the trading of each product group.

6. Trade by type of trader — This indicator provides information on how traders are involved in international trade. It shows the number of companies trading within only one flow or in both flows and the trade value these companies account for.

7. Trade by type of ownership — The type of ownership is referring to the concept of control and to affiliation of an enterprise. It indicates whether an enterprise is domestically or foreign controlled and, if domestically controlled, whether it has affiliates abroad or not. This indicator can be used to analyse the impact of globalisation on international trade and to estimate the importance of multinational companies for trade.

8. Trade by export intensity — Export intensity categorises enterprises according to the importance of foreign markets in their sales. It refers to the share of exports in total turnover.

9. Trade by activity sector — In comparison with trade by activity and enterprise size class (first dataset), this indicator provides more details on the activity sector (2- or 3-digit level) but does not contain information about the enterprise size.

10. Trade by partner country and size class — This indicator aims to give insights into the internationalisation of small- and medium sized enterprises. It complements indicator 3 on trade by partner country and activity by applying the same detailed breakdown of partner countries but categorising enterprises by size class instead of activity sector.

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Europe

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Europe offers a meticulously detailed and expansive analysis of trade activities across the European continent. This robust data resource provides an in-depth examination of import and export transactions involving companies in a wide range of industries within the European Union (EU) and the broader European region.

Coverage Across All EU Countries

The dataset encompasses all 27 EU member countries, ensuring a comprehensive overview of trade dynamics across the region. This includes:

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Comprehensive Data Features

Transaction Details: Each record in the dataset provides granular details on individual trade transactions, including the nature of goods or services exchanged, quantities, values, and transaction dates.

Company Information: Data includes specific information about the trading companies involved, such as company names, addresses, and sectors, allowing for targeted analysis and business insights.

Categorization: Transactions are categorized by industry sectors, product categories, and trade partners, providing clarity on market trends and sector-specific performance.

Trade Trends: The dataset includes historical trade trends and patterns, helping users analyze shifts in trade volumes, emerging markets, and economic impacts over time.

Geographical Insights: Users can explore regional trade flows and cross-border trade dynamics within the EU and with non-EU European countries.

Regulatory and Compliance Data: Information on relevant trade regulations, tariffs, and compliance requirements is included, assisting businesses in navigating the complex regulatory landscape of international trade.

Applications and Benefits

Market Research: Businesses can leverage the data to identify new market opportunities, track competitor activities, and assess the demand for specific products across different European regions.

Strategic Planning: Companies can use the insights to develop more effective trade strategies, optimize supply chains, and manage risks associated with international trade.

Economic Analysis: Analysts and policymakers can use the data to monitor economic performance, understand trade imbalances, and make informed decisions on trade policies and economic development initiatives.

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Europe is a vital tool for any organization involved in international trade, providing a detailed, reliable, and comprehensive view of the trade landscape across Europe.

This statistic represents the major pharmaceutical trading partners regarding imports of the European Union from 2010 to 2024. In 2024, over ***** percent of EU pharmaceutical imports came from the United Kingdom.

Czech Republic Exports: European Union 28 (EU 28) data was reported at 420,706,645.000 CZK th in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 438,639,333.000 CZK th for Jan 2025. Czech Republic Exports: European Union 28 (EU 28) data is updated monthly, averaging 204,461,489.000 CZK th from Jan 1999 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 314 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 474,538,144.000 CZK th in Nov 2024 and a record low of 52,439,320.000 CZK th in Jan 1999. Czech Republic Exports: European Union 28 (EU 28) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Czech Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.JA004: Trade Statistics: by Main Trade Partner.

European Union - Extra-EU trade: Share of imports in partnership with United States was 11.90% in December of 2022, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for European Union - Extra-EU trade: Share of imports in partnership with United States - last updated from the EUROSTAT on December of 2025. Historically, European Union - Extra-EU trade: Share of imports in partnership with United States reached a record high of 12.20% in December of 2016 and a record low of 9.30% in December of 2011.

International trade in goods statistics (ITGS) published by Eurostat measure the value and quantity of goods traded between the EU Member States (intra-EU trade) and goods traded by the EU Member States with non-EU countries (extra-EU trade). ‘Goods’ means all movable property including electricity. ‘European’ means that the statistics are compiled on the basis of the concepts and definitions set out in EU legislation. ‘National’ statistics, i.e. statistics published at national level by the Member States, are compiled on the basis of national rules which may differ from EU rules. European ITGS are the official harmonised source of information about exports, imports and the trade balances of the EU, its Member States and the euro area.

Aggregated versus detailed data

International trade in goods statistics are published through different datasets grouped into two categories:

• Aggregated data refer to macroeconomic indicators for the EU and euro area. Monthly (short-term indicators) and annual (long-term indicators) data are aggregated by broad product categories. Broad product categories are defined as one-digit codes of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) or aggregates of the Broad Economic Categories (BEC).
• Detailed data refer to the most detailed level of the following product nomenclatures: the Combined Nomenclature (CN), the SITC, the BEC, the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) and the Standard Goods Classification for Transport Statistics/Revised (NSTR). Detailed data also contain product aggregations at higher levels.

Statistical dimensions

Data periodicity (monthly or yearly) and product nomenclature (CN, SITC, BEC or CPA) differ depending on the dataset, but the following statistical fields are always available:

• reporting country: country or geo-economic area such as EU or euro area;
• partner country: EU Member State, non-EU country or geo-economic area.
• reference period: month and/or year;
• trade flows: import and export; and
• product according to the relevant classification.

Besides the dimensions listed above, specific datasets contain information on the mode of transport (e.g. by sea, by air or by road) or the statistical procedure (normal trade versus trade for processing activities).

European Union - Extra-EU trade: Share of imports in partnership with Japan was 2.30% in December of 2022, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for European Union - Extra-EU trade: Share of imports in partnership with Japan - last updated from the EUROSTAT on November of 2025. Historically, European Union - Extra-EU trade: Share of imports in partnership with Japan reached a record high of 3.90% in December of 2010 and a record low of 2.30% in December of 2022.

The share of total exports from European Union member states which goes to other EU countries underwent a decline from its early 2000s high point during the global financial crisis, great recession and Eurozone crisis (2007-2012), before rebounding back to around 61.77 percent of total exports in 2023. This share is a good indicator of the relative importance of intra-EU trade, that is, trade governed by the "four freedoms" of the European Single Market (freedom of movement for goods, services, capital, and labor), vis-a-vis international trade with partners outside of the European Union. It is worth keeping in mind that the United Kingdom, a key trading partner of many European Union countries, left the EU in 2020, meaning that the country was added to the extra-EU share. The fact that this did not have a notable effect on the share of exports going to extra-EU countries points to the declining relative importance of the UK as a trade partner for the EU.

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Bulgaria

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Bulgaria offers an extensive and insightful collection of information on international trade activities involving Bulgarian companies. This dataset provides a thorough examination of trade transactions, documenting and classifying imports and exports across various industries within Bulgaria.

To obtain Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Bulgaria, please contact us at info@techsalerator.com or visit https://www.techsalerator.com/contact-us with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide a customized quote based on your data needs, with delivery available within 24 hours. Ongoing access options can also be discussed.

Techsalerator's Import/Export Trade Data for Bulgaria delivers a comprehensive analysis of trade activities, integrating data from customs reports, trade agreements, and shipping records. This extensive dataset helps businesses, investors, and trade analysts understand Bulgaria’s trade landscape in detail.

Key Data Fields

• Company Name: Lists the companies involved in trade transactions. This information helps identify potential partners or competitors and track industry-specific trade patterns.
• Trade Volume: Details the quantity or value of goods traded, providing insights into the scale and economic impact of trade activities.
• Product Category: Specifies the types of goods traded, such as raw materials or finished products, aiding in understanding market demand and supply chain dynamics.
• Import/Export Country: Identifies the countries of origin or destination for traded goods, offering insights into regional trade relationships and market access.
• Transaction Date: Records the date of transactions, revealing seasonal trends and shifts in trade dynamics over time.

Top Trade Trends in Bulgaria

• Trade Balance Dynamics: Bulgaria’s trade balance exhibits fluctuations with major partners like Germany and Italy. Trade negotiations and policy adjustments aim to address imbalances and foster more balanced trade relationships.
• EU Trade Relations: As a member of the European Union, Bulgaria’s trade policies and practices are heavily influenced by EU regulations and agreements, shaping its trade landscape significantly.
• Expansion of Global Trade Networks: Bulgaria is increasingly diversifying its trade partners and markets beyond the EU, reflecting a trend toward broader global trade engagement.
• Growth in Industrial Exports: Bulgaria continues to experience substantial trade in industrial products, including machinery and electronics, which play a critical role in its export economy.
• Emphasis on Technological Advancements: There is a growing focus on integrating advanced technologies into trade practices, promoting innovation and efficiency in the sector.

Notable Companies in Bulgarian Trade Data

• Bulgarian Telecommunications Company (BTC): A major player in the telecommunications sector, involved in importing and exporting telecom equipment and services.
• Bulgarian Air Traffic Services Authority (BULATSA): Facilitates the import and export of goods through air traffic services, contributing to Bulgaria’s trade in the transportation sector.
• KCM 2000: A significant company in the metallurgy industry, known for exporting and importing metal products, impacting Bulgaria's industrial trade.
• DSK Bank: Involved in financial services related to international trade, reflecting its role in facilitating trade transactions.
• Sofia Tech Park: A key innovation and technology hub that supports the import and export of technology and related products, highlighting Bulgaria’s role in regional trade.

Accessing Techsalerator’s Data

To obtain Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Bulgaria, please contact us at info@techsalerator.com with your requirements. We will provide a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records needed, with delivery available within 24 hours. Ongoing access options can also be discussed.

Included Data Fields:

• Company Name
• Trade Volume
• Product Category
• Import/Export Country
• Transaction Date
• Shipping Details
• Customs Codes
• Trade Value

For detailed insights into Bulgaria’s import and export activities and trends, Techsalerator’s dataset is an invaluable resource for staying informed and making strategic decisions.

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Croatia

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Croatia provides a comprehensive and insightful collection of information on international trade activities involving Croatian companies. This dataset offers a detailed examination of trade transactions, documenting and classifying imports and exports across various industries within Croatia.

To obtain Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Croatia, please reach out to info@techsalerator.com or visit https://www.techsalerator.com/contact-us with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide a customized quote based on your data needs, with delivery available within 24 hours. Ongoing access options can also be discussed.

Techsalerator's Import/Export Trade Data for Croatia delivers a thorough analysis of trade activities, integrating data from customs reports, trade agreements, and shipping records. This comprehensive dataset helps businesses, investors, and trade analysts understand Croatia’s trade landscape in detail.

Key Data Fields

Company Name: Lists the companies involved in trade transactions. This information helps identify potential partners or competitors and track industry-specific trade patterns. Trade Volume: Details the quantity or value of goods traded, providing insights into the scale and economic impact of trade activities. Product Category: Specifies the types of goods traded, such as raw materials or finished products, aiding in understanding market demand and supply chain dynamics. Import/Export Country: Identifies the countries of origin or destination for traded goods, offering insights into regional trade relationships and market access. Transaction Date: Records the date of transactions, revealing seasonal trends and shifts in trade dynamics over time.

Top Trade Trends in Croatia

Trade Balance Dynamics: Croatia’s trade balance is influenced by its major trading partners within the European Union and globally. Trade policies and agreements impact the overall balance and economic relationships. European Union Trade Relations: As an EU member state, Croatia’s trade relationships are heavily influenced by EU policies and agreements. This partnership shapes significant aspects of Croatia's trade policy and practices. Expansion of Global Trade Networks: Croatia is increasingly diversifying its trade partners and markets, reflecting a trend toward broader global trade engagement. Growth in Industrial Exports: Croatia continues to see substantial trade in industrial products, including machinery and equipment, which play a critical role in its export economy. Emphasis on Sustainable Trade Practices: There is a growing focus on integrating sustainability into trade policies, promoting environmentally friendly practices and technologies.

Notable Companies in Croatian Trade Data

Croatian Chamber of Commerce: Provides vital information on trade activities and industry trends, impacting the overall trade environment in Croatia. Agrokor: A major player in the agribusiness sector, involved in importing and exporting agricultural products and foodstuffs. Kraš: A leading confectionery manufacturer with significant trade activities in the food and beverage sector. Rimac Automobili: An innovative company in the automotive industry, known for its advanced electric vehicles and related technologies. Adris Grupa: A diversified conglomerate with interests in various sectors, including tourism, tobacco, and insurance, influencing Croatia's trade dynamics.

Accessing Techsalerator’s Data

To obtain Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Croatia, please contact us at info@techsalerator.com with your requirements. We will provide a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records needed, with delivery available within 24 hours. Ongoing access options can also be discussed.

Included Data Fields:

Company Name Trade Volume Product Category Import/Export Country Transaction Date Shipping Details Customs Codes Trade Value

For detailed insights into Croatia’s import and export activities and trends, Techsalerator’s dataset is an invaluable resource for staying informed and making strategic decisions.

Bulgaria Exports: FOB: European Union excl UK (EU 27E) data was reported at 2,134.400 EUR mn in Jan 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,919.300 EUR mn for Dec 2024. Bulgaria Exports: FOB: European Union excl UK (EU 27E) data is updated monthly, averaging 2,184.400 EUR mn from Jan 2020 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 61 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,855.100 EUR mn in May 2022 and a record low of 1,250.200 EUR mn in Apr 2020. Bulgaria Exports: FOB: European Union excl UK (EU 27E) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bulgarian National Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bulgaria – Table BG.JA004: Exports: by Main Trade Partners.

International trade in goods statistics (ITGS) published by Eurostat measure the value and quantity of goods traded between the EU Member States (intra-EU trade) and goods traded by the EU Member States with non-EU countries (extra-EU trade). ‘Goods’ means all movable property including electricity. ‘European’ means that the statistics are compiled on the basis of the concepts and definitions set out in EU legislation. ‘National’ statistics, i.e. statistics published at national level by the Member States, are compiled on the basis of national rules which may differ from EU rules. European ITGS are the official harmonised source of information about exports, imports and the trade balances of the EU, its Member States and the euro area.

Aggregated versus detailed data

International trade in goods statistics are published through different datasets grouped into two categories:

• Aggregated data refer to macroeconomic indicators for the EU and euro area. Monthly (short-term indicators) and annual (long-term indicators) data are aggregated by broad product categories. Broad product categories are defined as one-digit codes of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) or aggregates of the Broad Economic Categories (BEC).
• Detailed data refer to the most detailed level of the following product nomenclatures: the Combined Nomenclature (CN), the SITC, the BEC, the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) and the Standard Goods Classification for Transport Statistics/Revised (NSTR). Detailed data also contain product aggregations at higher levels.

Statistical dimensions

Data periodicity (monthly or yearly) and product nomenclature (CN, SITC, BEC or CPA) differ depending on the dataset, but the following statistical fields are always available:

• reporting country: country or geo-economic area such as EU or euro area;
• partner country: EU Member State, non-EU country or geo-economic area.
• reference period: month and/or year;
• trade flows: import and export; and
• product according to the relevant classification.

Besides the dimensions listed above, specific datasets contain information on the mode of transport (e.g. by sea, by air or by road) or the statistical procedure (normal trade versus trade for processing activities).