The Euro to Australian exchange rate history reveals a peak in March 2020, before declining well until mid 2022. Exchange rates fluctuate against each other constantly. As of July 15, 2025, the exchange rate was avalued at 1.78 Australian dollars per euro. The rate in which one currency performs against another depends on the demand that it generates at any given time. Exchange rates are affected by several factors including international trade, tourism and geopolitical tensions.Euro gains strength against the Brexit PoundOne good example of geopolitical risks having a negative effect on the strength of a currency is to look at the British Pound post Brexit referendum. The average annual exchange rate of the Euro to GBP increased significantly between 2015 and 2018.The Euro vs the worldSince 2016, the euro has performed well against several other currencies. The Euro to U.S dollar had seen its annual average exchange rate increase by .07 between 2016 and 2018, after slightly decreasing in 2019. Against the Indian Rupee, the Euro had performed even better, with the average annual exchange rate equaling 78.84 in 2019.

Interactive historical chart showing the daily Euro - U.S. Dollar (EURUSD) exchange rate back to 1999.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this article is to model a minute series of exchange rates for the EUR/USD pair using the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and ARIMA-GARCH methods and evaluate which one offers better forecasts for a five-minute horizon. Originality/value: Despite being a successful technique in other branches of science, the application of SSA in finance is quite new. Furthermore, exchange rate modeling is a complex problem, comprising statistical concepts and properties. However, despite the complexity, the analysis of this series is extremely important for several agents playing, directly or indirectly, a role in the economy and the financial market. Design/methodology/approach: Time series models were estimated using the ARIMA-GARCH and SSA techniques, taking into account three samples of the ask exchange rate (closing): uptrend, downtrend, and no well-defined trend. Findings: The forecasts carried out by the SSA were the ones closest to the original observations for the three cases. Regarding the quality measurements, SSA obtained the best results for both uptrend and downtrend samples; for the sample with no well-defined trend, the findings indicated that the ARIMA-GARCH technique attained better results. However, it was concluded that the SSA forecasts, regarding exchange rates during the studied period, are more appropriate than the ones obtained by the ARIMA-GARCH model, regardless of the market movement.

Luxembourg STATEC Forecast: Foreign Exchange Rate: US Dollar data was reported at 1.180 USD/EUR in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.130 USD/EUR for 2017. Luxembourg STATEC Forecast: Foreign Exchange Rate: US Dollar data is updated yearly, averaging 1.155 USD/EUR from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2018, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.180 USD/EUR in 2018 and a record low of 1.130 USD/EUR in 2017. Luxembourg STATEC Forecast: Foreign Exchange Rate: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Portal of Statistics of Luxembourg. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.M009: Foreign Exchange Rate: Forecast: The Portal of Statistics of Luxembourg.

The official currency of Monaco is the Euro. EURO EXCHANGE RATE - EUR/USD - MONACO - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The official currency of Montenegro is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Montenegro - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

The price of one euro reached approximately 102.16 Russian rubles on average in May 2025, having marked a decrease compared to the previous month. The exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the Russian ruble also declined relative to April 2025.

Ireland IE: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD data was reported at 0.946 USD/EUR in 2026. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.946 USD/EUR for 2025. Ireland IE: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.847 USD/EUR from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2026, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.117 USD/EUR in 2001 and a record low of 0.684 USD/EUR in 2008. Ireland IE: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. EXCHUD - Exchange rate, national currency per USD

The official currency of Lithuania is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Lithuania - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The official currency of Netherlands is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Netherlands - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The official currency of Austria is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Austria - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Os dados de Taxas de Câmbio em Relação ao USD da União Europeia foram registrados em 0.920 USD/EUR em 2023-05. Este é um registro de um aumento com relação aos números anteriores de 0.912 USD/EUR em 2023-04. Os dados de Taxas de Câmbio em Relação ao USD da União Europeia são atualizados por mês, com uma média de 0.846 USD/EUR em 1999-01 até 2023-05, com 293 observações. Os dados alcançaram um alto recorde de 1.173 USD/EUR em 2000-10 e um baixo recorde de 0.635 USD/EUR em 2008-07. Os dados de Taxas de Câmbio em Relação ao USD da União Europeia permanecem com status ativo na CEIC e são reportados pela fonte: CEIC Data. Os dados são classificados sob o World Trend Plus’ Global Economic Monitor – Table: Exchange Rate against USD: Period Avg: Monthly.

Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at **** percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at **** percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to *** percent, the ECB refi rate to **** percent, the Bank of England bank rate to **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to **** percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

The official currency of Greece is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Greece - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Europäische Unions Wechselkurs gegenüber dem USD belief sich im 2023-05 auf 0.920 USD/EUR. Dies stellt einen Anstieg im Vergleich zu den vorherigen Zahlen von 0.912 USD/EUR für 2023-04 dar. Europäische Unions Wechselkurs gegenüber dem USD werden monatlich aktualisiert, mit einem Durchschnitt von 0.846 USD/EUR von 1999-01 bis 2023-05, mit 293 Beobachtungen. Die Daten erreichten ein Allzeithoch in Höhe von 1.173 USD/EUR im 2000-10 und ein Rekordtief in Höhe von 0.635 USD/EUR im 2008-07. Europäische Unions Wechselkurs gegenüber dem USD Daten behalten den Aktiv-Status in CEIC und werden von CEIC Data gemeldet. Die Daten werden unter World Trend Pluss Global Economic Monitor – Table: Exchange Rate against USD: Period Avg: Monthly kategorisiert.

Key information about Italy Exchange Rate against USD

• Italy Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.923 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023, compared with 0.920 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Italy Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to Jun 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.173 in Oct 2000 and a record low of 0.292 in Sep 1973.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Italy joined the Euro zone on January 1st, 1999 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 1936.27 ITL. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1999 is re-calculated using the fixed conversion rate. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1970 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Italy Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Italy Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Italy: ECB Harmonised ) was reported at 4.310 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 4.000 % pa in Jun 2023.

One United States dollar was worth over ****** Indonesian rupiah in May 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

Key information about Greece Exchange Rate against USD

• Greece Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.920 (USD/EUR) in May 2023, compared with 0.912 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Greece Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.173 in Oct 2000 and a record low of 0.082 in Nov 1973.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Greece joined the Euro zone on January 1st, 2001 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 340.75 GRD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 2001 is re-calculated using the fixed conversion rate. Exchange Rate against USD prior to April 1981 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Greece Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Greece Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Government Bond Yield: Average: 10 Years) was reported at 3.980 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.750 % pa in May 2023.

The euro and U.S. dollar made up more than ***** of 10 SWIFT payments worldwide in 2025, outperforming many other currencies. This is according to a monthly report meant to track the market share of China's yuan renminbi within the international bank transfer system SWIFT. Although China holds the largest forex reserves in the world, the yuan ranked as the ******-used currency in international payments. The figures concern customer-initiated and institutional payments and exclude trade. Discussions on the potential weakening role of the U.S. dollar especially touch world trade and forex. For example, the share of the USD in forex reserves declined visibly against the euro and Japanese yen in 2024. What sparked this de-dollarization trend, and will it continue? Trade sanctions and de-dollarization De-dollarization in 2024 is mentioned mostly alongside trade and the BRICS countries - an informal name given to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The combined GDP of BRICS is about ** percent of the world's economy. After the start of the Ukraine war and Russia received economic sanctions, the BRICS slowly evolved into a trading bloc. The group increasingly wanted its own currency to settle payments within the trade bloc, to avoid using the U.S. dollar. In August 2024, BRICS will gather in South Africa to discuss the creation of such a new joint currency. Additionally, ** countries - including Argentina, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Yemen - expressed interest in joining the BRICS group. CBDC, or projects into a digital payment settlement A factor of future uncertainty for the U.S. dollar is how central bank digital currencies (CBDC) develop in emerging countries. Several projects exist between individual countries that specifically target cross-border interbank payments. A cooperation between Thailand and Hong Kong, Inthanon-Lionrock, ranks as the most advanced of these projects. CBDC does not require the U.S. dollar to function. Tangible such as commodities or gold can back them. The value of transactions processed with CBDC is to grow by ******* percent between 2024 and 2030.