The statistic displays the budgetary balance in the European Union and the Euro area from 2013 to 2023 in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP). A positive value indicates a budget surplus, while a negative value indicates a budget deficit. In 2023, the public deficit in the EU amounted to 3.5 percent of the GDP.

This statistic shows the budget balance of the European Union and the euro area from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, the national deficit of the European Union amounted to approximately 593.99 billion euros.

This statistic shows the budget balance of the European Union member states in 2023. In 2023, the national deficit of France amounted to approximately 154.8 billion euros, while Ireland's budget surplus was 7.5 billion euros in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP) for the European Union (GCBALCASHGDZSEUU) from 1972 to 2014 about cash, EU, budget, Europe, and GDP.

Households Debt In the Euro Area decreased to 51.80 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2024 from 52.10 percent of GDP in the second quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Euro Area Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt In the Euro Area increased to 12732445 EUR Million in 2023 from 12268150 EUR Million in 2022. This dataset provides - Euro Area Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The statistic depicts the budgetary balance in EU countries in 2023 in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP). A positive value indicates a budget surplus, while a negative value indicates a budget deficit. In 2023, Spain's budget deficit amounted to 3.6 percent of the GDP.

The EDP dataset includes data on government debt and deficit reported under the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP), which is a part of the corrective arm of the European Union's Stability and Growth Pact (link). Three series are available for EU Member States, the euro area and the European Union: deficit/surplus, consolidated general government debt, and interest expenditure. The data are available in euro or national currency, and as a percentage of GDP. The reference values for government deficit and debt are based on concepts defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). The surplus (+)/deficit (-) of the general government sector is referred to in the national accounts as net lending (+)/borrowing (-) (B.9). The government debt is defined as the total consolidated gross debt at face value in the following categories of government liabilities (defined in ESA 2010): currency and deposits, debt securities and loans. EU aggregates do not cover EU institutions debt and euro area aggregates do not cover euro area government institutions debt.

EU: General Government Total Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 45.314 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 45.723 % for 2016. EU: General Government Total Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 46.355 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50.863 % in 1995 and a record low of 43.776 % in 2000. EU: General Government Total Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund - World Economic Outlook. The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Aggregate: Euro Area and European Union – Table EU.IMF.WEO: General Government Balance: European Union (EU28).

This statistic shows the share of the public spending of the European Union and the euro area in the GDP from 2019 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. In 2023, the share of the public spending of the European Union amounted to approximately 48.87 percent.

This statistic shows the national debt of the European Union and the euro area in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2019 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. In 2023, the national debt of the European Union amounted to approximately 82.14 percent of the gross domestic product.

Euro Area recorded a trade surplus of 1032.80 EUR Million in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT BUDGET reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Central Bank Balance Sheet In the Euro Area decreased to 6274495 EUR Million in March 14 from 6287780 EUR Million in the previous week. This dataset provides - Euro Area Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Attitude towards the EU and the euro.
Topics: assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; having the euro is a good thing for the own country and for Europe; changes in feeling European due to the euro; difficulty to distinguish and handle euro bank notes and specific coins; opinion about the number of existing coins and which euro coin denominations should be removed; conversion from the price in euro to the national currency when it comes to exceptional and common purchases; assessment of dual price displays as useful (only in SI, MT, CY); prices increased during the changeover period (only in SI, MT, CY); development of the inflation rate compared with the situation before the introduction of the euro; travels outside the own country at least once a year; impact of the euro introduction: easier traveling, easier price comparisons with other countries, reduction of cross-border banking charges; state of national budget in 2007: surplus, deficit, balance; awareness of the ´Stability and Growth Pact´; need for significant reforms to improve economy; successful reforms in other euro area countries put pressure on national government to reform; governments need to save for the ageing populations; taxes should be increased to finance economic reforms; expenditures should be reduced to finance economic reforms; EU should play an active role in national reforms; importance of reforms in the areas: labour market, health system, pension system, social security system, market reforms, taxation, education systems, reforms in general, reforms in other areas; personally affected by the aforementioned reforms; expected impact of the reforms on national economy; inflation rate in the own country last year; expectations regarding the inflation rate in the current year; development of household income since last year and expectations for current year.

Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community.

Additionally coded was: respondent ID; interviewer ID; language of the interview; country; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; type of phone line; region; weighting factor.

European Union BOP: EA 20: Poland: Debit: CA: Services: Government Goods and Services data was reported at 0.009 EUR bn in Sep 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.010 EUR bn for Jun 2024. European Union BOP: EA 20: Poland: Debit: CA: Services: Government Goods and Services data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.005 EUR bn from Mar 2013 (Median) to Sep 2024, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.022 EUR bn in Dec 2023 and a record low of 0.002 EUR bn in Mar 2015. European Union BOP: EA 20: Poland: Debit: CA: Services: Government Goods and Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.JB021: BPM6: European Central Bank: Balance of Payments: Euro Area: Poland.

This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In the third quarter of 2024, Greece's national debt was the highest in all the European Union, amounting to 158 percent of Greece's gross domestic product. In spite of Greece's total being high by EU standards, it marks a substantial decrease from the historical high point reached by the country's national debt of 207 percent of GDP in 2020. Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, and Portugal also all have government debt worth over one year's production of their economies, while the small Baltic country of Estonia has the smallest national debt when compared with GDP, at only 24 percent. In debitum incrementum?A country’s national debt, also known as government debt or public debt, is defined as all borrowings owed by the government of a country. It usually comprises internal debt – owed to other governmental departments – and external debt, which is held by the public and is owed to government bond owners. National debt can be caused by a struggling economy in general, or by low tax income, which usually leads to money being borrowed from other governments for support, which in turn cannot be paid back right away. At first glance, a high national debt is not always a sign of a struggling economy – but since increasing debt can slow down economic growth significantly, it is imperative for the respective government to seek a steady reduction in the long run.

Attitude towards the EU and the euro. Topics: assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; having the euro is a good thing for the own country and for Europe; changes in feeling European due to the euro; difficulty to distinguish and handle euro bank notes and specific coins; opinion about the number of existing coins and which euro coin denominations should be removed; conversion from the price in euro to the national currency when it comes to exceptional and common purchases; assessment of dual price displays as useful (only in SI, MT, CY); prices increased during the changeover period (only in SI, MT, CY); development of the inflation rate compared with the situation before the introduction of the euro; travels outside the own country at least once a year; impact of the euro introduction: easier traveling, easier price comparisons with other countries, reduction of cross-border banking charges; state of national budget in 2006: surplus, deficit, balance; awareness of the ´Stability and Growth Pact´; need for significant reforms to improve economy; successful reforms in other euro area countries put pressure on national government to reform; governments need to save for the ageing populations; taxes should be increased to finance economic reforms; expenditures should be reduced to finance economic reforms; EU should play an active role in national reforms; importance of reforms in the areas: labour market, health system, pension system, social security system, market reforms, taxation, education systems, reforms in general, reforms in other areas; personally affected by the aforementioned reforms; expected impact of the reforms on national economy; inflation rate in the own country last year; expectations regarding the inflation rate in the current year; development of household income since last year and expectations for the current year. Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community; household composition and household size; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; interviewer ID; language of the interview; country; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; type of phone line; region; weighting factor. Einstellung zur Europäischen Union und zur Euro-Einführung. Wirtschaftliche Situation. Themen: EU-Mitgliedschaft ist eine gute Sache; der Euro ist eine gute Sache für das Befragungsland sowie für Europa; Veränderung des Identifikationsgefühls als Europäer durch den Euro; Schwierigkeiten mit dem Unterscheiden der Euro-Münzen und Banknoten sowie Nennung der Münzen, die Schwierigkeiten bereiten; Zufriedenheit mit der Menge der unterschiedlichen Münzarten; Münzen, die abgeschafft werden sollten; Umrechnen in die alte nationale Währung bei täglichen oder außergewöhnlichen Einkäufen; nur in Zypern, Malta und Slowenien: Präferenz für duale Preisauszeichnung; empfundene Preiserhöhungen durch die Euro-Einführung; an alle: Inflationsschub durch die Euro-Einführung; Auslandsreisen; Vorteile durch den Euro: kostengünstigeres Reisen, leichterer Preisvergleich, Verringerung der grenzüberschreitenden Bankgebühren; Kenntnis eines Überschusses des Staatshaushalts im Befragungsland; Kenntnis des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakts; Zustimmung zu Reformen: zur Leistungssteigerung der Wirtschaft, Reformen in anderen Euro-Ländern üben Druck auf das eigene Land aus, Notwendigkeit des Sparens zur Vorbereitung auf Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels, Steuererhöhung zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Reduzierung der Sozialausgaben zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Wunsch nach aktiver Rolle der EU beim Reformprozess im Befragungsland; wichtigste Reformbereiche; eigene Betroffenheit von genannten Reformbereichen; positive oder negative Wirkung der Reformen auf die nationale Wirtschaft; Inflationsrate im letzten Jahr im Befragungsland; erwartete Inflationsrate; Entwicklung des Haushaltseinkommens des Befragten im letzten Jahr sowie erwartete zukünftige Entwicklung. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad; Haushaltszusammensetzung und Haushaltsgröße; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewer-ID; Interviewsprache; Land; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Region; Gewichtungsfaktor.

The long-term interest rate on government debt is a key indicator of the economic health of a country. The rate reflects financial market actors' perceptions of the creditworthiness of the government and the health of the domestic economy, with a strong and robust economic outlook allowing governments to borrow for essential investments in their economies, thereby boosting long-term growth.

The Euro and converging interest rates in the early 2000s

In the case of many Eurozone countries, the early 2000s were a time where this virtuous cycle of economic growth reduced the interest rates they paid on government debt to less than 5 percent, a dramatic change from the pre-Euro era of the 1990s. With the outbreak of the Global Financial Crisis and the subsequent deep recession, however, the economies of Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland were seen to be much weaker than previously assumed by lenders. Interest rates on their debt gradually began to rise during the crisis, before rapidly increasing beginning in 2010, as first Greece and then Ireland and Portugal lost the faith of financial markets.

The Eurozone crisis

This market adjustment was initially triggered due to revelations by the Greek government that the country's budget deficit was much larger than had been previously expected, with investors seeing the country as an unreliable debtor. The crisis, which became known as the Eurozone crisis, spread to Ireland and then Portugal, as lenders cut-off lending to highly indebted Eurozone members with weak fundamentals. During this period there was also intense speculation that due to unsustainable debt loads, some countries would have to leave the Euro currency area, further increasing the interest on their debt. Interest rates on their debt began to come back down after ECB Chief Mario Draghi signaled to markets that the central bank would intervene to keep the states within the currency area in his famous "whatever it takes" speech in Summer 2012.

The return of higher interest rates in the post-COVID era

Since this period of extremely high interest rates on government debt for these member states, the interest they are charged for borrowing has shrunk considerably, as the financial markets were flooded with "cheap money" due to the policy measures of central banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis, such as near-zero policy rates and quantitative easing. As interest rates have risen to combat inflation since 2022, so have the interest rates on government debt in the Eurozone also risen, however, these rises are modest compared to during the Eurozone crisis.