This paper applies the DSGE-VAR methodology to assess the size of fiscal multipliers in the data and the relative contributions of two transmission mechanisms of government spending shocks, namely hand-to-mouth consumers and Edgeworth complementarity. Econometric experiments show that a DSGE model with Edgeworth complementarity is a better representation of the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy as it yields dynamic responses close to those obtained with the flexible DSGE-VAR model (i.e.ÿan impact output multiplier larger than one and a crowding-in of private consumption). The estimated share of hand-to-mouth consumers is too small to replicate the positive response of private consumption.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys investigated the level of public support for the European Community (EC) and assessed attitudes toward regional development and perceptions of the Third World. Respondents were asked how well-informed they felt about the EC, how supportive they were of efforts being made to unify Western Europe, whether their country had benefited from being an EC member, and their personal interest in EC matters. Respondents were also asked to judge which areas of policy should be decided by national governments and which by a central Community structure, and to express their reactions to the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, their expectations for the Single European Market, and their attitudes about the role and importance of the European Parliament. A new series of questions examined respondents' views toward the recording and distribution of personal information by private and public organizations, the recording and use of certain types of information, and the transfer of personal information among organizations. Questions about smoking included whether the respondent had heard of the European Code Against Cancer, whether the respondent smoked, what tobacco products were used by smokers, how many cigarettes were smoked in a day by the respondent, and whether smokers had plans to cut down their tobacco consumption. Items on regional identification included respondents' conceptions of "their region," attachment to their town, village, region, or country, whether there were policies to develop less-favored regions in member countries, whether there should be policies to develop regions in member countries, and what the European Community's policy should be with respect to developing regions in the European Community. Queries about the Third World included perceptions of the extent of hunger and economic development in the Third World, the respondent's personal impression and experience with the Third World, the respondent's source and need for information about the Third World, whether aid should be given to Third World countries and the expected nature and benefit of that aid, what the aim of relations with Third World countries should be, and the expected future of the Third World. As in previous Eurobarometers, questions on political party preference asked respondents which party they felt the closest to, how they voted in their country's last general election, and how they would vote if a general election were held tomorrow. Additional information was gathered on family income, number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, subjective social class standing, socio-professional status, and left-right political self-placement. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR at https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09771.v1. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

The size of the Europe Automated Demand Response Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 2.00">> 2.00% during the forecast period. The ADR market in Europe is one of the major industries in the region's energy sector, striving to enhance energy efficiency and grid stability through advanced automation technologies. Automated demand response systems comprise digital systems capable of automatically controlling the pattern of energy consumption each time different signals are obtained from the grid regarding fluctuations in price or constraints on supply. This helps in balancing supply and demand, reduces the risk of power outages, and integrates intermittent renewable resources such as wind and solar. The European market is very strong due to many factors: government policies and regulatory frameworks in Europe have increasingly promoted various energy efficiency and sustainability initiatives; such policies also cover ADR systems. These sorts of regulatory policies encourage the adoption of smart grid technologies and solutions in real-time energy management. In addition, increasing energy prices and the need for more resilient energy systems increase interest in ADR solutions. Major technological enablers of the ADR market include smart meters, IoT devices, and advanced energy management platforms; these enable precise, automated adjustments of energy use, thereby enhancing economic and environmental outcomes for business and consumer users. In Europe, driven by the continuous drive for smarter, more responsive energy systems and the further inroads being made by renewable energy sources, the market for ADRs will see huge growth over the course of the transition to a low-carbon economy. Recent developments include: In December 2021, EU's Joint Research Centre reviewed smart grid projects funded by the European Union under its last two FP7 and Horizon 2020 research funding programmes, as well as its competitiveness and innovation programmes on ICT and intelligent energy. Of the total EUR 3.08 billion invested in the projects, the European Union contribution amounted to EUR 2.32 billion serving as a significant driver., In September 2021, E.on SE acquired a majority stake in Aachen-based smart grid solutions provider GridX GmbH as part of efforts to expand its portfolio of digital solutions for the transition to green energy., In November 2021, In Poland, utility company TAURON has secured a PLN 2.8 billion loan from the European Investment Bank (EIB) to modernise its electricity distribution assets and install an advanced metering infrastructure. The advanced metering infrastructure and smart grid technologies to be installed is expected to enable TAURON to leverage real-time data and analytics to enhance the operations of its grid and customer services.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Growing Vehicle Ownership4.; Government Initiatives. Potential restraints include: 4., Volatile Crude Oil Prices. Notable trends are: Increased Adoption of Smart Grid Technologies.

Statistics illustrates consumption, production, prices, and trade of Reaction Initiators, Reaction Accelerators and Catalytic Preparations in Eastern Europe from Jan 2019 to Jun 2025.

This data set contains estimates of the base rates of 550 food safety-relevant food handling practices in European households. The data are representative for the population of private households in the ten European countries in which the SafeConsume Household Survey was conducted (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain, UK).

Sampling design

In each of the ten EU and EEA countries where the survey was conducted (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain, UK), the population under study was defined as the private households in the country. Sampling was based on a stratified random design, with the NUTS2 statistical regions of Europe and the education level of the target respondent as stratum variables. The target sample size was 1000 households per country, with selection probability within each country proportional to stratum size.

Fieldwork

The fieldwork was conducted between December 2018 and April 2019 in ten EU and EEA countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain, United Kingdom). The target respondent in each household was the person with main or shared responsibility for food shopping in the household. The fieldwork was sub-contracted to a professional research provider (Dynata, formerly Research Now SSI). Complete responses were obtained from altogether 9996 households.

Weights

In addition to the SafeConsume Household Survey data, population data from Eurostat (2019) were used to calculate weights. These were calculated with NUTS2 region as the stratification variable and assigned an influence to each observation in each stratum that was proportional to how many households in the population stratum a household in the sample stratum represented. The weights were used in the estimation of all base rates included in the data set.

Transformations

All survey variables were normalised to the [0,1] range before the analysis. Responses to food frequency questions were transformed into the proportion of all meals consumed during a year where the meal contained the respective food item. Responses to questions with 11-point Juster probability scales as the response format were transformed into numerical probabilities. Responses to questions with time (hours, days, weeks) or temperature (C) as response formats were discretised using supervised binning. The thresholds best separating between the bins were chosen on the basis of five-fold cross-validated decision trees. The binned versions of these variables, and all other input variables with multiple categorical response options (either with a check-all-that-apply or forced-choice response format) were transformed into sets of binary features, with a value 1 assigned if the respective response option had been checked, 0 otherwise.

Treatment of missing values

In many cases, a missing value on a feature logically implies that the respective data point should have a value of zero. If, for example, a participant in the SafeConsume Household Survey had indicated that a particular food was not consumed in their household, the participant was not presented with any other questions related to that food, which automatically results in missing values on all features representing the responses to the skipped questions. However, zero consumption would also imply a zero probability that the respective food is consumed undercooked. In such cases, missing values were replaced with a value of 0.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys diverged from the Standard Eurobarometer measures and queried respondents on the following major areas of focus: (1) poverty and social exclusion, (2) mobile phone use, (3) economic crisis, and (4) international trade. For the first major area of focus, poverty and social exclusion, the survey queried respondents about their own definition of poverty, the extent of poverty and homelessness in their area, and whether or not respondents believed poverty had increased in their area and elsewhere. Respondents were queried about what necessities people must be able to afford to meet a minimal acceptable living standard, who is most at risk for poverty, as well as the social, political, and personal causes of poverty and homelessness. Respondents were also asked about how poverty impacts peoples' chances of completing certain activities, such as getting a good education or finding a job. Respondents were then asked whether or not they trust the European Union (EU), their governments, charities, other citizens, and miscellaneous institutions to effectively respond to poverty. Respondents were also asked to whom they assign primary responsibility for reducing or preventing poverty, what policies their governments should focus on in the future in the effort to help people out of poverty, and whether or not respondents approved of their government's existing anti-poverty measures. Respondents were also queried about their perception of social tensions between groups, and about what they have done personally to help poor people. Additionally, respondents were queried about their own living conditions, satisfaction with life, ability to keep a job, efforts to fight poverty, finances, and their own risk of falling into poverty. For the second major area of focus, mobile phone use, the survey asked respondents about whether or not they owned a mobile phone, their mobile phone use in other EU countries, and the cost of cellular phone service in those countries. For the third major area of focus, economic crisis, the survey questioned respondents about the degree to which the crisis personally affected them, how the crisis affected the EU and its policy efforts, who should bear responsibility for the crisis, who should bear the burden of response to the crisis, and how the European Parliament and other bodies should respond to the crisis. For the fourth major area of focus, international trade, the survey queried respondents on whether they pay attention to the country of origin for products they purchase, how trade impacts respondents and their countries, what European Union trade policy should be going into the future, and the European Union's international economic standing. Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, left-right political self-placement, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or a mobile telephone and other durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Statistics illustrates the consumption volume of Reaction Initiators, Reaction Accelerators and Catalytic Preparations in Eastern Europe from 2007 to 2024 by trade partner.

In 2024, the EU reaction initiators and accelerators market decreased by -13% to $12.1B, falling for the third year in a row after two years of growth. In general, consumption, however, posted a resilient expansion. As a result, consumption reached the peak level of $15.5B. From 2022 to 2024, the growth of the market failed to regain momentum.

Snapshot img

Demand Response (DR) Market Size and Forecast 2025-2029

The demand response (dr) market size estimates the market to reach by USD 3.3 billion, at a CAGR of 8.4% between 2024 and 2029. North America is expected to account for 59% of the growth contribution to the global market during this period. In 2019 the hardware and software segment was valued at USD 4.36 billion and has demonstrated steady growth since then.

    Report Coverage


    Details




    Base year


    2024




    Historic period

    2019-2023



    Forecast period


    2025-2029



    Market structure
    Fragmented



    Market growth 2025-2029


    USD 3296 million






The market is experiencing significant growth as the gap between electricity supply and demand widens. This trend is driven by the increasing recognition of the need to balance Power Generation and consumption more effectively to ensure grid stability. The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) concept is also fueling market expansion, as smart devices and connected appliances enable more precise demand response programs and energy management. However, the DR market faces challenges, including the growing threat of cybersecurity breaches and hacking, which can compromise sensitive customer data and disrupt grid operations.
Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities must prioritize robust cybersecurity measures and invest in advanced technologies to mitigate these risks. Navigating these challenges and effectively managing demand response programs will be crucial for utilities, energy retailers, and technology providers in the evolving energy landscape.

What will be the Size of the Demand Response (DR) Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market continues to evolve, driven by the increasing integration of renewable energy sources and the need for power system optimization. Automated demand response (ADR) programs, which enable real-time adjustments to electricity consumption, are becoming increasingly popular. Frequency regulation services, provided by DR programs and virtual power plants, play a crucial role in maintaining grid stability. Demand response incentives, such as capacity market participation and dynamic pricing mechanisms, encourage consumers to reduce peak demand and shift consumption patterns. Load control technologies, including smart grid integration and Energy Storage systems, enable more effective demand response and ancillary service provision. According to industry reports, the global demand response market is expected to grow by over 10% annually in the coming years.

For instance, a utility company in the Western United States implemented a demand response program, resulting in a 15% reduction in peak demand during a heatwave. This reduction in demand helped prevent blackouts and saved the utility company millions of dollars in infrastructure upgrades. Moreover, grid modernization initiatives, such as predictive load forecasting and customer engagement platforms, are enhancing the effectiveness of demand response programs. Distributed energy resources, including solar panels and wind turbines, are also being integrated into DR systems to improve grid stability and reduce reliance on traditional power sources. Load curtailment strategies, such as industrial load management and building energy management, are becoming essential components of DR programs.

Emergency demand reduction strategies are also gaining importance, particularly in regions prone to extreme weather events. In conclusion, the demand response market is a dynamic and evolving space, driven by the integration of renewable energy sources, power system optimization, and grid modernization initiatives. The market is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, with innovative technologies and strategies playing a crucial role in improving grid stability and reducing energy consumption.

How is this Demand Response (DR) Industry segmented?

The demand response (dr) industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Hardware and software
  Service


End-user

  Industrial
  Residential
  Commercial
  Government Buildings
  Hospitals
  Data Centers
  Agriculture


Solution Type

  Residential DRMS
  Commercial DRMS
  Industrial DRMS


Deployment Type

  Automated Demand Response (ADR)
  Conventional Demand Response


Application

  Peak Load Management
  Grid Balancing
  Renewable Energy Integration


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada

This repository contains representative PGSE NMR raw data (pulsed gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance) for the aqueous click CuAAC reaction: Copper catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition. Obtained using magnetic field gradients in random and decreasing sequence, it supports two publications: (a) Wang et al., “Response to Comment on Boosted molecular mobility during common chemical reactions”, Science 2021, 371 (6526), eabe8678, and (b) Wang, Huang and Granick, “Use or misuse of NMR to test molecular mobility during chemical reactions”. The 5 zip files in this repository can be opened using Mestrenova software (Bruker).

The size of the Europe Smart Grid Network Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 3.10">> 3.10% during the forecast period. The market for smart grid networks in Europe is witnessing significant expansion as the region aims to upgrade its energy infrastructure and improve grid efficiency. Smart grids employ cutting-edge digital technologies to enhance the management, distribution, and consumption of electricity, facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and promoting a transition to a more sustainable energy framework. The European Union's ambitious climate and energy objectives, including the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and increasing the proportion of renewables in the energy portfolio, are key drivers of smart grid technology adoption in Europe. Essential elements of smart grids encompass smart meters, advanced sensors, and automated control systems, which together enable real-time monitoring and management of energy flows. These advancements contribute to minimizing energy losses, optimizing grid performance, and improving the integration of distributed energy resources such as wind and solar energy. Furthermore, smart grids support demand response initiatives, enabling consumers to modify their energy consumption in response to price signals or grid requirements, thereby enhancing overall system reliability and efficiency. The European smart grid market is marked by substantial investment and collaboration among governments, utilities, and technology providers. Although challenges such as high implementation costs and regulatory hurdles exist, the commitment to digitalization and sustainability guarantees that the smart grid network will remain a central element of Europe’s energy strategy in the years ahead. Recent developments include: In December 2021, EU's Joint Research Centre reviewed smart grid projects funded by the European Union under its last two FP7 and Horizon 2020 research funding programs, as well as its competitiveness and innovation programs on ICT and intelligent energy. Of the total EUR 3.08 billion invested in the projects, the European Union's contribution amounted to EUR 2.32 billion, serving as a significant driver., In September 2021, E.on SE acquired a majority stake in Aachen-based smart grid solutions provider GridX GmbH as part of efforts to expand its portfolio of digital solutions for the transition to green energy., In November 2021, in Poland, the utility company TAURON secured a PLN 2.8 billion loan from the European Investment Bank (EIB) to modernize its electricity distribution assets and install an advanced metering infrastructure. The advanced metering infrastructure and smart grid technologies to be installed are expected to enable TAURON to leverage real-time data and analytics to enhance the operations of its grid and customer services.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Increase in Demand for Clean Energy4.; Plant Lifetime Extensions With Favorable Policies. Potential restraints include: 4., Intense Competition From Renewable Energy Sources4.; Accidents and Uncertainty over the Cost Effectiveness. Notable trends are: Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) to Witness Significant Growth.

The Meat Processing and Preserving industry in Europe has faced a stark decline over the past five years despite receiving government support. Over the five years through 2024, revenue is forecast to drop at a compound annual rate of 4% to €330.2 billion. Growth in meat consumption has been weak, with environmental and health consciousness among consumers driving a swelling vegan and vegetarian trend. However, public policies, particularly in the EU, have favoured the meat industry over its plant-based counterparts. Even so, meat processing establishments have struggled to sustain sales amid soaring inflation. Meat processors are wrestling with a combination of socioeconomic factors. Geopolitical tensions, notably between Russia and Ukraine, coupled with post-pandemic economic strains, have exerted significant pressure on meat sales. Input costs, including for feed and energy, have surged, forcing processors to pass price hikes onto consumers, who have shifted from buying speciality meat products to settling for lower-margin cuts in response. Revenue is projected to dip by 3.5% in 2024. Looking ahead, Europe’s meat processors face a challenging landscape. Over the five years through 2024, revenue is slated to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.8% to €379.8 billion. The looming shadow of eco-consciousness will stifle meat demand, with the European Commission projecting a 3.6% drop in meat consumption by 2032. Faced with swelling competition from alternative proteins, traditional meat processors will seek innovative strategies to retain market share. Still, meat's engrained cultural value in European societies will offer some relief. Traditional meals, culinary heritage involving meat and strong demand for locally-sourced produce will serve to protect meat processors’ sales over the coming years.

For North Macedonia, Moldova, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Russia was the only source of natural gas supply in 2019. Another European country highly dependent on Russian gas was Latvia, where it occupied over ** percent of the total in 2021. In Estonia, the portion of natural gas from Russia was significantly lower, measured at ** percent. Russia accounted for over ** percent of all extra-EU gas imports in 2021. How much natural gas does Russia export? Russia is the leading exporter of natural gas worldwide, far outpacing the exports of that commodity by the United States, Qatar, and Norway. In 2021, the country exported ***** billion cubic meters of gas via pipelines and **** billion cubic meters of liquified natural gas (LNG). The exports increased continuously between 2014 and 2019, while the year 2020 saw a ****-percent decline in the volume as a result of a lower fuel demand during imposed lockdowns and slower economic activity due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Russian gas exports during the war in Ukraine Exports of Russian gas to Europe were severely affected by the invasion of Ukraine which began in February 2022. In response to the war, European countries sought to reduce their reliance on Russian gas. Between January 1 and July 15, 2022, the Russian company Gazprom exported over ** percent less gas to the far abroad compared to the same period of the previous year. Furthermore, Germany announced the suspension of the certification process for Nord Stream 2, while Russia shut down all gas supplies via Nord Stream 1 in September 2022, before leaks were detected on both pipelines. Gas exports from Russia to India and China also did not increase in monetary terms in July and August 2022 in comparison to February and March 2022.

The European Automated Demand Response (ADR) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing energy costs, stringent environmental regulations, and the growing adoption of smart grids. The market, valued at approximately €1.5 billion in 2025, is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 2% through 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, necessitates flexible demand-side management solutions to address intermittency. Secondly, governments across Europe are actively promoting ADR through financial incentives and regulatory frameworks aimed at improving energy efficiency and grid stability. Thirdly, technological advancements, particularly in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are enabling more sophisticated and cost-effective ADR systems. While the market faces some challenges, such as initial investment costs and cybersecurity concerns, these are being mitigated by technological improvements and public-private partnerships. The market segmentation reveals significant opportunities across various segments. Production analysis indicates a strong focus on advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and intelligent energy management systems. Consumption analysis reveals high demand across commercial and industrial sectors due to their higher energy consumption and potential cost savings. Import and export analyses will reveal regional trade patterns and variations in system adoption rates across different countries. Price trend analysis suggests a downward trend in ADR system costs as technology matures and economies of scale are achieved. Key players like Itron, Hitachi, and Siemens are actively involved in driving market innovation through continuous product development and strategic partnerships. Regional analysis shows strong growth potential in the UK, France, and Germany, driven by their mature energy markets and commitment to sustainable energy solutions. The "Rest of Europe" segment also presents significant opportunities as awareness and adoption of ADR technologies increase. Recent developments include: In December 2021, EU's Joint Research Centre reviewed smart grid projects funded by the European Union under its last two FP7 and Horizon 2020 research funding programmes, as well as its competitiveness and innovation programmes on ICT and intelligent energy. Of the total EUR 3.08 billion invested in the projects, the European Union contribution amounted to EUR 2.32 billion serving as a significant driver., In September 2021, E.on SE acquired a majority stake in Aachen-based smart grid solutions provider GridX GmbH as part of efforts to expand its portfolio of digital solutions for the transition to green energy., In November 2021, In Poland, utility company TAURON has secured a PLN 2.8 billion loan from the European Investment Bank (EIB) to modernise its electricity distribution assets and install an advanced metering infrastructure. The advanced metering infrastructure and smart grid technologies to be installed is expected to enable TAURON to leverage real-time data and analytics to enhance the operations of its grid and customer services.. Notable trends are: Increased Adoption of Smart Grid Technologies.

Statistics illustrates consumption, production, prices, and trade of Catalysts, supported; reaction initiators, reaction accelerators and catalytic preparations, with precious metal or precious metal compounds as the active substance, n.e.s. or included in Western and Northern Europe from 2007 to 2024.

The European beer market, valued at €751.05 million in 2025, exhibits a robust growth trajectory, projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.06% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key drivers. The increasing popularity of craft beers and specialized brews caters to evolving consumer preferences for unique flavor profiles and higher-quality ingredients. Furthermore, strategic marketing campaigns highlighting the social and cultural aspects of beer consumption, along with innovative packaging and distribution strategies targeting younger demographics, are contributing significantly to market expansion. The market is segmented by product type (ale, lager, and other product types) and distribution channel (on-trade, encompassing pubs and restaurants, and off-trade, including supermarkets and retail stores). Competition is fierce, with major players like Anheuser-Busch InBev, Heineken, Carlsberg, and Asahi Group Holdings vying for market share. While the on-trade segment is recovering from pandemic-related restrictions, the off-trade segment continues its strong performance, driven by convenience and home consumption trends. Regional variations exist, with Germany, the UK, France, and Spain representing significant market segments, exhibiting varying growth rates influenced by local consumer preferences and economic conditions. Regulatory changes regarding alcohol consumption and sustainability concerns are potential restraints, but are likely to be offset by the industry's continuous adaptation and innovation. The forecast period (2025-2033) promises further growth, fueled by the aforementioned trends and the potential for market penetration in Eastern European countries. However, challenges remain. Economic fluctuations can impact consumer spending, and increasing health consciousness may influence consumption patterns. The industry's response to these challenges will involve diversification of product offerings, enhanced brand building, and sustainable practices to maintain market leadership and attract new consumers. The successful navigation of these factors will determine the extent of market expansion and the competitive landscape within the European beer market in the coming years. The continued focus on premiumization, with a shift towards higher-priced, specialized beers, is expected to be a key driver of value growth in the market. Recent developments include: December 2023: AB-InBev expanded its product portfolio in the United Kingdom with the launch of a new 4.5 percent ABV Italian-style lager, Via Roma, exclusively at the supermarket chain Sainsbury’s., June 2023: The Brewers Association expanded its product portfolio in the United Kingdom by launching six American craft breweries featuring 14 different beers, eight of which have been unavailable in the United Kingdom., April 2023: Heineken launched its Spanish lager brand Cruzcampo on draught into pubs and bars across the United Kingdom. As per the brand, Cruzcampo is brewed at Heineken’s “Royal Brewery” in Manchester, essentially making the beer a British beer but simply using its Spanish branding., March 2023: Carlsberg Marston’s Brewing Company launched Carlsberg 0.0 across the United Kingdom. According to the company’s claim, Carlsberg 0.0 has been specifically brewed as an alcohol-free beer, meaning it delivers everything beer drinkers expect from a well-balanced Pilsner – refreshing, with a crisp, hoppy bite – just crafted to contain zero alcohol., January 2023: Asahi Europe & International launched its alcohol-free beer, Asahi Super Dry 0.0% across the United Kingdom. The company states that the beer is available in bars and restaurants and sold individually and in multipacks.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Demand for Alcoholic Beverages, Health Conscious Consumers Accelerating Demand For Gluten-free Beer. Potential restraints include: Increasing Demand for Alcoholic Beverages, Health Conscious Consumers Accelerating Demand For Gluten-free Beer. Notable trends are: Increasing Demand for Alcoholic Beverages.

Metadata Data are available for the following Physical properties: Clay content (%) in topsoil (0-20cm) modelled by Multivariate Additive Regression Splines Silt content (%) in topsoil modelled by Multivariate Additive Regression Splines Sand content (%) in topsoil modelled by Multivariate Additive Regression Splines Coarse fragements (%) content in topsoil modelled by Multivariate Additive Regression Splines Bulk density derived from soil texture datasets (obtained from the packing density and themapped clay content following the equation of Jones et al. 2003). Important note: Please use the Bulk density and the packing density data as well as they have been produced with 6,000 measured LUCAS points USDA soil textural classes derived from clay, silt and sand maps Available Water Capacity (AWC) for the topsoil fine earth fraction Note that these data are based on the LUCAS topsoil data for ca 20,000 samples across EU. Resolution: 500m Geographical Coverage: European Union Input data: LUCAS 2009 Topsoil 20,000 sample point data Model: Multivariate Additive Regression Splines (MARS) Description The Land Use and Cover Area frame Statistical survey (LUCAS) aimed at the collecting harmonised data about the state of land use/cover over the extent of European Union (EU).Among these 2 · 105 land use/cover observations selected for validation, a topsoil survey was conducted at about 10% of these sites. Topsoil sampling locations were selected as to be representative of European landscape using a Latin hypercube stratified random sampling, taking into account CORINE land cover 2000, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEMand its derived slope, aspect and curvature. The LUCAS topsoil database was used to map soil properties at continental scale over the geographical extent of Europe. Several soil properties were predicted using hybrid approaches like regression kriging. For those datasets, we predicted topsoil texture and related derived physical properties. Regression models were fitted using, along other variables, remotely sensed data coming from the MODIS sensor. The high temporal resolution of MODIS allowed detecting changes in the vegetative response due to soil properties, which can then be used to map soil features distribution.We will also discuss the prediction of intrinsically collinear variables like soil texture which required the use of models capable of dealing with multivariate constrained dependent variables like Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). Cross validation of the fitted models proved that the LUCAS dataset constitutes a good sample for mapping purposes leading to cross-validation R2 between 0.47 and 0.50 for soil texture and normalized errors between 4 and 10%. References Ballabio C., Panagos P., Montanarella L. Mapping topsoil physical properties at European scale using the LUCAS database (2016) Geoderma, 261 , pp. 110-123.

The global reaction tubes market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the expanding life sciences research sector, increasing demand for high-throughput screening in drug discovery, and the rising adoption of advanced analytical techniques in various industries. The market, estimated at $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $4.2 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is stimulating demand for advanced diagnostics and therapeutics, thus boosting the consumption of reaction tubes in medical and pharmaceutical research. Technological advancements resulting in improved tube materials (e.g., specialized polymers offering enhanced chemical resistance) and innovative designs (e.g., self-standing tubes for easier handling) are further driving market expansion. The segment encompassing biological applications holds a significant market share, followed closely by chemical and medical applications. Quartz and glass tubes maintain a strong presence due to their inertness and suitability for diverse applications, although ceramic and metal tubes are gaining traction in niche applications requiring specific properties like high temperature resistance. Geographically, North America and Europe are currently major markets, but the Asia-Pacific region is exhibiting the fastest growth, propelled by significant investments in research infrastructure and the burgeoning pharmaceutical industries in countries like China and India. Several restraining factors, however, could moderate market growth. Price fluctuations in raw materials, especially for specialized polymers and ceramics, could impact profitability. Furthermore, the stringent regulatory landscape surrounding the manufacturing and usage of reaction tubes, particularly in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors, presents a challenge. Competition among established players like Sarstedt, Eppendorf, and Corning, as well as emerging players, is fierce, necessitating continuous innovation and cost-effective manufacturing to maintain a competitive edge. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the reaction tubes market remains positive, driven by ongoing advancements in scientific research and technological innovation across various industries.

The GLA strongly believes that Government needs to do more to unlock the power of data, helping organisations to make better decisions and operate more efficiently. Greater sharing of information between public authorities will allow them to improve the lives of citizens and help the economy flourish. To this end, in March 2016, the GLA launched the London City Data Strategy. The aim of this strategy is to give London the most dynamic and productive city data market in the world by reducing friction in the sharing and value-driven exploitation of city data to a minimum. The GLA seeks to recognise city data as part of the capital’s infrastructure, using it to save money, incubate innovation, and drive economic growth, helping London to achieve global renown for data impact. Within this Strategy, we have committed to - as a priority action - pushing for broad access to data across government departments e.g. HMRC and DWP) for London, to overcome issues which currently prevent further data sharing opportunities outside departmental silos and which stand in the way of value creation.