The EUR/USD exchange rate rose to 1.1619 on December 2, 2025, up 0.08% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 0.86%, and is up by 10.57% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.16 USD recorded at the end of November 14, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to USDBetween 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

The Euro to Australian exchange rate history reveals a peak in March 2020 before declining well until mid-2022. Exchange rates fluctuate against each other constantly. As of November 4, 2025, the exchange rate was valued at 1.76 Australian dollars per euro. The rate at which one currency performs against another depends on the demand that it generates at any given time. Exchange rates are affected by several factors, including international trade, tourism, and geopolitical tensions.Euro gains strength against the Brexit PoundOne good example of geopolitical risks negatively impacting the strength of a currency is to look at the British Pound post Brexit referendum. The average annual exchange rate of the Euro to GBP increased significantly between 2015 and 2018.The Euro vs. the worldSince 2016, the euro has performed well against various other currencies. The Euro to U.S. dollar had seen its annual average exchange rate increase by 0.07 between 2016 and 2018, after slightly decreasing in 2019. Against the Indian Rupee, the Euro had performed even better, with the average annual exchange rate equaling 78.84 in 2019.

The average for 2024 based on 27 countries was 3.39 index points. The highest value was in Greece: 5.5 index points and the lowest value was in Denmark: 0.7 index points. The indicator is available from 2007 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The benchmark interest rate In the Euro Area was last recorded at 2.15 percent. This dataset provides - Euro Area Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production In the Euro Area increased 1.20 percent in September of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Industrial Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The exchange rate history of the euro against the Canadian dollar reveals a steady increase since 2015, although several dips did occur. Since 2021, for instance, the EUR/CAD exchange rate steadily declined, with one euro being worth 1.63 Canadian dollars as of the end of November 14, 2025. This is not as sharp a decline as in previous years, however. Between 2009 and 2012, the exchange rate noted a sharp decline in value, with one euro being able to buy around 1.29 Canadian dollars. This sharp decline was most likely associated with the volatile changes brought to the financial markets by the global recession. Since 2012, the annual average euro to Canadian dollar exchange rate has recovered but remains lower than it was back in 1999.

View market daily updates and historical trends for US Dollar to Euro Exchange Rate. Source: European Central Bank. Track economic data with YCharts analy…

Imports In the Euro Area increased to 237127.70 EUR Million in September from 204726.70 EUR Million in August of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate In the Euro Area increased to 2.20 percent in November from 2.10 percent in October of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Constant GDP per capita for the Euro Area (NYGDPPCAPKDEMU) from 1960 to 2024 about Euro Area, Europe, per capita, and GDP.

View market daily updates and historical trends for Turkish Lira to Euro Exchange Rate. from European Union. Source: European Central Bank. Track economic…

The euro and the European Central Bank (ECB) are inextricably linked at the institutional level, yet public opinion diverges: support for the euro remained high even at the height of the crisis while trust in the ECB saw a steep decline. How can we explain divergences between support for the euro and trust in the ECB? The present paper seeks to complement the existing literature by developing a unified analytical framework of public support for Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and introducing a novel typology of euro and ECB sceptics and supporters. Empirical findings show that support for the euro is predominantly value-based, whereas perceived performance matters comparatively more for trust in the ECB. They suggest that value-based support has been critical during the crisis in ensuring continued public support for EMU despite perceptions of underperformance.

Wages In the Euro Area increased 3.70 percent in June of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Wage Growth - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This statistic shows the exchange rate of Pound Sterling (GBP) against the Euro (EUR) between June 20th and July 25th, 2016. The data displays a stable rate of exchange until the day after the UK’s EU Referendum, referred to as Brexit (June 23rd), at which point the value of the pound against the euro began to drop.

Retail sales Y-on-Y in Euro area, September, 2025 The most recent value is 0.88 percent as of September 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 1.48 percent. Historically, the average for Euro area from January 2001 to September 2025 is 0.96 percent. The minimum of -19.67 percent was recorded in April 2020, while the maximum of 24.74 percent was reached in April 2021. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Key information about European Union Consumer Confidence: Net Balance

• European Union Consumer Confidence: Net Balance recorded a drop of 13.6 % Point in Nov 2025, compared with a drop of 13.5 % points in the previous month.
• EU Consumer Confidence: Net Balance data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1985 to Nov 2025, with an averaged -12.4 % points.
• The data reached an all-time high of -1.9 % in May 2000 and a record low of -28.3 % in Sep 2022.

• In the latest reports, Retail Sales of EU grew 1.2 % YoY in Sep 2025.
• EU Consumer Confidence dropped by 1.3 % Point in Nov 2025.

This paper investigates very long-run preindustrial economic development. New annual GDP per capita data for six European countries over the last seven hundred years paint a clearer picture of the history of European economic development. We confirm that sustained growth has been a recent phenomenon, but reject the argument that there was no long-run growth in living standards before the Industrial Revolution. Instead, the evidence demonstrates the existence of numerous periods of economic growth before the nineteenth century—periods of unsustained, but raising GDP per capita. We also show that many of the economies experienced substantial economic decline. Thus, rather than being stagnant, pre-nineteenth century European economies experienced a great deal of change. Finally, we offer some evidence that, from the nineteenth century, these economies increased the likelihood of being in a phase of economic growth and reduced the risk of being in a phase of economic decline.

Industrial production, annual percent change in Euro area, September, 2025 The most recent value is 1.18 percent as of September 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 1.21 percent. Historically, the average for Euro area from January 1992 to September 2025 is 0.87 percent. The minimum of -28.59 percent was recorded in April 2020, while the maximum of 42.01 percent was reached in April 2021. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

This archive contain the two input datasets of bird population estimates and trend estimates underpinning the journal article: Abundance decline in the avifauna of the European Union reveals global similarities in biodiversity change. It also contains the species level results obtained from the Bayesian hierarchical model described in section 2.2.1 of the paper.