The EUR/USD exchange rate rose to 1.1756 on September 30, 2025, up 0.22% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 0.36%, and is up by 6.25% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.16 USD recorded at the end of August 27, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to USDBetween 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

Prices for EURUSD Euro US Dollar including live quotes, historical charts and news. EURUSD Euro US Dollar was last updated by Trading Economics this October 1 of 2025.

Ireland IE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 0.775 USD/EUR in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.775 USD/EUR for 2020. Ireland IE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Double Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 0.821 USD/EUR from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2021, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.012 USD/EUR in 2005 and a record low of 0.773 USD/EUR in 1991. Ireland IE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

The pound to euro history reveals that exchange rates in 2022 were not as low as they were during 2008 or since the Brexit referendum. Since the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound (GBP) weakened against the euro. From a high of 1.43 at the end of November 2015, the GBP to EUR exchange rate has remained below 1.2 since July 2016, sitting at 1.11 as of October 2020. By September 12, 2025, values had reached 1.16 euros per pound. The euro to pound exchange rate can be found on a different page.Hitting UK citizens' pocketsIt is not just European holidaymakers that are hit when the British pound to Euro exchange rate falls. The average UK consumer also feels the pinch as inflation rates often rise to cover the shortfall of the pound. When the inflation rate rises, the price of imported goods goes up and the consumer ends up paying more. GBP to U.S. dollarSince 2016's referendum, the British pound (GBP) fell across the exchange. The GBP's fall against the Euro was also reflected against the U.S. dollar where the exchange rate in May 2016 (pre-referendum) of 1.46 dollars to the pound has fallen significantly.

Daily bulletin time series available since 2/1/2002, for the Euro, and since 28/11/1984, for the other currencies. For the American Dollar, this data set shows administered rates until March, 1990 and free rates from then on (Resolution 1690/1990). Administered rates are those set by the Central Bank of Brazil; from March, 1992, this rate started being called Ptax rate (close). Until 30/6/2011, this rate was calculated as the average rate, weighed by volume, of all interbank operations traded on that day. Starting on 1/7/2011 (Circular 3506/2010), the Ptax rate calculation corresponds to the arithmetic average of four daily quotes provided by Central Bank of Brazil’s foreign exchange dealers; the quotes must reflect market conditions at that time. Parities of the other currencies against the American Dollar (USD) are obtained from information agencies. Currencies rates against the Brazilian currency are calculated dividing the Brazilian currency rate against the American Dollar by the parities against the American Dollar for type A currencies, and multiplying the Brazilian currency rate against the American Dollar by the parities against the American Dollar for type B currencies. Available currencies: Danish Krone (DKK) Type A Norwegian Krone (NOK) Type A Swedish Krona (SEK) Type A American Dollar (USD) Type A Australian Dollar (AUD) Type B Canadian Dollar (CAD) Type A Euro (EUR) Type B Swiss Franc (CHF) Type A Japanese Yen (JPY) Type A British Pound (GBP) Type B Unit of measure: Type A currencies: Parity (American Dollar): quantity in the currency per one unit of American Dollar (USD); Rates (Brazilian currency): quantity in the Brazilian currency per one unit of the currency Type B currencies: Parity (American Dollar): quantity in American Dollars (USD) per one unit of the currency; Rates (Brazilian currency): quantity in the Brazilian currency per one unit of the currency Example of how to calculate type A currencies rates in the Brazilian currency, considering the Real (BRL) as the domestic currency and the Canadian Dollar (CAD) as the foreign currency: CADBRL bid rate = USDBRL bid rate ÷ USDCAD offer parity CADBRL offer rate = USDBRL offer rate ÷ USDCAD bid parity Example of how to calculate type B currencies rates in the Brazilian currency, considering the Real (BRL) as the domestic currency and the Euro (EUR) as the foreign currency: EURBRL bid rate = EURUSD bid parity × USDBRL bid rate EURBRL offer rate = EURUSD offer parity × USDBRL offer rate Source: Refinitiv, except for USDBRL The Central Bank assumes no responsibility whatsoever for non-simultaneity or any lack of information, as well as for possible errors in currency parities or any other errors, except the parity of the United States dollar in relation to the Real. The institution also assumes no responsibilty for delays or the unavailability of telecommunications services, interruptions, failures or imprecisions in the providing of the services or information. The Central Bank likewise assumes no responsibility for any losses or damages consequent upon such interruptions, delays, failings or imperfections, as well as for the inadequate use of the information contained in the transaction. af829095-9d8c-4c1d-a77f-48e4d51f7a71 exchange-rates-daily-bulletins

Slovakia SK: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data was reported at 0.511 USD/EUR in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.511 USD/EUR for 2020. Slovakia SK: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 0.505 USD/EUR from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2021, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.565 USD/EUR in 2004 and a record low of 0.315 USD/EUR in 1992. Slovakia SK: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

The official currency of Greece is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Greece - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

The official currency of Belgium is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Belgium - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Ireland IE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 0.742 USD/EUR in 2026. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.744 USD/EUR for 2025. Ireland IE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.810 USD/EUR from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2026, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.012 USD/EUR in 2005 and a record low of 0.738 USD/EUR in 2022. Ireland IE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

At **** U.S. dollars, Switzerland has the most expensive Big Macs in the world, according to the January 2025 Big Mac index. Concurrently, the cost of a Big Mac was **** dollars in the U.S., and **** U.S. dollars in the Euro area. What is the Big Mac index? The Big Mac index, published by The Economist, is a novel way of measuring whether the market exchange rates for different countries’ currencies are overvalued or undervalued. It does this by measuring each currency against a common standard – the Big Mac hamburger sold by McDonald’s restaurants all over the world. Twice a year the Economist converts the average national price of a Big Mac into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at that point in time. As a Big Mac is a completely standardized product across the world, the argument goes that it should have the same relative cost in every country. Differences in the cost of a Big Mac expressed as U.S. dollars therefore reflect differences in the purchasing power of each currency. Is the Big Mac index a good measure of purchasing power parity? Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the idea that items should cost the same in different countries, based on the exchange rate at that time. This relationship does not hold in practice. Factors like tax rates, wage regulations, whether components need to be imported, and the level of market competition all contribute to price variations between countries. The Big Mac index does measure this basic point – that one U.S. dollar can buy more in some countries than others. There are more accurate ways to measure differences in PPP though, which convert a larger range of products into their dollar price. Adjusting for PPP can have a massive effect on how we understand a country’s economy. The country with the largest GDP adjusted for PPP is China, but when looking at the unadjusted GDP of different countries, the U.S. has the largest economy.

GDP, PPP (current international $) in Euro area was reported at 22771766770718 USD in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Euro area - GDP, PPP (current international $) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Lithuania LT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 0.504 USD/EUR in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.500 USD/EUR for 2025. Lithuania LT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.446 USD/EUR from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2026, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.504 USD/EUR in 2026 and a record low of 0.361 USD/EUR in 1995. Lithuania LT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Lithuania – Table LT.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

Croatia Purchasing Power Parity: USD to Local Currency data was reported at 0.456 USD/EUR in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.451 USD/EUR for 2025. Croatia Purchasing Power Parity: USD to Local Currency data is updated yearly, averaging 0.472 USD/EUR from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2026, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.543 USD/EUR in 2005 and a record low of 0.407 USD/EUR in 2021. Croatia Purchasing Power Parity: USD to Local Currency data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Croatia – Table HR.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

Luxembourg LU: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 0.847 USD/EUR in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.846 USD/EUR for 2025. Luxembourg LU: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.925 USD/EUR from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2026, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.062 USD/EUR in 1974 and a record low of 0.811 USD/EUR in 2022. Luxembourg LU: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

IT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 0.604 USD/EUR in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.596 USD/EUR for 2022. IT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.739 USD/EUR from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.855 USD/EUR in 2005 and a record low of 0.414 USD/EUR in 1981. IT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Exchange Rate: OECD Member: Annual.

For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.

Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.

2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.

ES: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 0.573 USD/EUR in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.579 USD/EUR for 2022. ES: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.667 USD/EUR from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.770 USD/EUR in 2005 and a record low of 0.390 USD/EUR in 1981. ES: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Exchange Rate: OECD Member: Annual.

For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.

Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.

From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.

Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.

In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.

In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.

Luxembourg had the highest average annual wage in Europe in 2024, at approximately ****** U.S. dollars when adjusting for purchasing power parity (PPP). Greece, which had an average annual salary of less than *******U.S dollars a year, had the lowest among the countries provided in this statistic.

EE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 0.563 USD/EUR in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.557 USD/EUR for 2022. EE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.515 USD/EUR from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.563 USD/EUR in 2023 and a record low of 0.175 USD/EUR in 1993. EE: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Estonia – Table EE.OECD.MSTI: Exchange Rate: OECD Member: Annual.

In Estonia, GBARD figures come from budget data from 2016 onward, whereas they were previously estimated from R&D survey data.