The EUR/USD exchange rate rose to 1.1619 on December 2, 2025, up 0.08% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 0.86%, and is up by 10.57% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The U.S. dollar is the most commonly used currency by the member states of the European Union when importing goods from outside the EU, reflecting the currency's status as the world's preeminent medium of exchange. During the decade beginning in 2010, the EU invoiced more than half of its imports in dollars, peaking in 2012 at 58 percent, before falling to less than half in 2020. The amount of imports invoiced in Euro fell at the beginning of the decade to around a third, before recovering to over 38 percent in 2020.

This perhaps reflects a growing diversification of international trade in the late 2010s, which has seen currencies such as the Euro and the Chinese Renminbi challenge the U.S. dollar in some regions. Another possibility could also be that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, trade was conducted more regionally in 2020, with EU trade partners closer to Europe being more likely to use currencies other than U.S. dollars. The share of imports invoiced in the currencies of EU member states who do not use the Euro fell dramatically in 2020, as the United Kingdom left the EU, meaning that imports invoiced in British Pound Sterling were counted among the "other currency" share.

Prices for USDEUR US Dollar Euro including live quotes, historical charts and news. USDEUR US Dollar Euro was last updated by Trading Economics this December 2 of 2025.

The euro and U.S. dollar made up more than ***** of 10 SWIFT payments worldwide in September 2025, outperforming many other currencies. This is according to a monthly report meant to track the market share of China's yuan renminbi within the international bank transfer system SWIFT. Although China holds the largest forex reserves in the world, the yuan ranked as the *****-used currency in international payments. The figures concern customer-initiated and institutional payments and exclude trade. Discussions on the potential weakening role of the U.S. dollar especially touch world trade and forex. For example, the share of the USD in forex reserves declined visibly against the euro and Japanese yen in 2024. What sparked this de-dollarization trend, and will it continue? Trade sanctions and de-dollarization De-dollarization in 2024 is mentioned mostly alongside trade and the BRICS countries - an informal name given to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The combined GDP of BRICS is about ** percent of the world's economy. After the start of the Ukraine war and Russia received economic sanctions, the BRICS slowly evolved into a trading bloc. The group increasingly wanted its own currency to settle payments within the trade bloc, to avoid using the U.S. dollar. In August 2024, BRICS gathered in South Africa to discuss the creation of such a new joint currency. Additionally, ** countries - including Argentina, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Yemen - expressed interest in joining the BRICS group. CBDC, or projects into a digital payment settlement A factor of future uncertainty for the U.S. dollar is how central bank digital currencies (CBDC) develop in emerging countries. Several projects exist between individual countries that specifically target cross-border interbank payments. A cooperation between Thailand and Hong Kong, Inthanon-Lionrock, ranks as the most advanced of these projects. CBDC does not require the U.S. dollar to function. Tangible such as commodities or gold can back them. The value of transactions processed with CBDC is to grow by ******* percent between 2024 and 2030.

Prices for EURUSD Euro US Dollar including live quotes, historical charts and news. EURUSD Euro US Dollar was last updated by Trading Economics this December 2 of 2025.

EUR/USD Historical Data (2000–2025)

This dataset provides historical exchange rate data for the EUR/USD (Euro to US Dollar) currency pair. It includes daily price movements, opening and closing prices, highs and lows, and percentage changes over time. The dataset can be useful for financial analysis, time series forecasting, and algorithmic trading.

Dataset Overview :

Time Period: Covers multiple years, up to February 2025. Frequency: Daily data. Source: Collected from historical market records. Format: CSV file with 11,284 rows and 7 columns.

Columns Description:

Date (string) – The date of the recorded exchange rate (Format: DD-MM-YYYY). Price (float64) – The closing price of the EUR/USD currency pair for that day. Open (float64) – The opening price of EUR/USD for that day. High (float64) – The highest price reached during that day. Low (float64) – The lowest price recorded during that day. Vol. (float64, but all values are NaN) – Trading volume (not available in this dataset). Change % (string) – Percentage change in price from the previous day.

Possible Uses of This Dataset

Time Series Forecasting: Train machine learning models to predict future EUR/USD exchange rates. Algorithmic Trading Strategies: Backtest trading algorithms based on historical price trends. Volatility Analysis: Identify periods of high volatility and economic impact on currency movements. Financial Research: Study how external factors affect exchange rate fluctuations.

Data Notes

The Volume (Vol.) column is empty, meaning trading volume data is unavailable. The Change % column is stored as a string with a percentage sign (e.g., "-0.22%"). This may require conversion to a numeric format for analysis.

The European Union has seen a declining share of its exports to the rest of the world paid for in Euro over the period since 2010. At the same time, the share of exports paid for in U.S. dollars increased up until 2018, before declining drastically in 2020, likely to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global trade. The share of exports paid for in other currencies of non-Euro members took a large leap in 2020, to over a fifth of the EU's global export trade, likely due to the United Kingdom's exit from the EU meaning that the British Pound was moved into this category from the EU member currencies category.

Key information about EU's Trade Balance

• EU's Trade Balance recorded a surplus of 18.3 USD bn in Sep 2025, compared with a surplus of 8.5 USD bn in the previous month
• EU's Trade Balance data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2002 to Sep 2025, with an averaged value of 20.0 USD bn
• The data reached an all-time high of 30.8 USD bn in Dec 2020 and a record low of -57.9 USD bn in Aug 2022

• In the latest reports, EU's Total Exports reached 259.9 USD bn in Sep 2025, an increase of 0.9% YoY (year-on-year)
• Total Imports recorded 241.6 USD bn in Sep 2025, an increase of 0.9% YoY (year-on-year)

View market daily updates and historical trends for Euro to US Dollar Exchange Rate. from United States. Source: European Central Bank. Track economic dat…

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.16 USD recorded at the end of November 14, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to USDBetween 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

euro area - U.S. Dollars to Euro Spot Exchange Rate was 1.13300 U.S. $ to 1 Euro in May of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, euro area - U.S. Dollars to Euro Spot Exchange Rate reached a record high of 1.15080 in April of 2025 and a record low of 0.96160 in September of 2022. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for euro area - U.S. Dollars to Euro Spot Exchange Rate - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on December of 2025.

The USD to EUR exchange rate in 2022 will be roughly 30 percent higher than it was in 2012, revealing a very strong dollar against the euro. The value of 0.86 euros per dollar was noticeably higher than the 2016 peak of 0.95 euros per dollar, but still above the price before the Eurozone Crisis. This started in 2009 and was caused by the difficulties of several European countries with repaying government debt.What does the exchange rate mean?At any single point, an exchange rate is simply a measure of the value of one currency in terms of another. However, when the exchange rate shifts, one currency gets 'stronger' and the other 'weaker'. This is particularly important in international trade. A strong currency makes imports cheaper, so one could expect the trade balance of a country with a strong currency to decrease. In such a way, a strong currency would hurt a country with a high trade surplus.Exchange rate investmentsThere is a financial market built around currency fluctuations. The foreign exchange market, or forex market, has a daily turnover of trillions of dollars. This market is critical for international trade, but many investors simply use it to speculate.

Snapshot img

Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is valued to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% from 2024 to 2029. Growing urbanization and digitalization will drive the foreign exchange market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

Europe dominated the market and accounted for a 47% growth during the forecast period.
By Type - Reporting dealers segment was valued at USD 278.60 billion in 2023
By Trade Finance Instruments - Currency swaps segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 118.14 billion
Market Future Opportunities: USD 582.00 billion
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 10.6%

Market Summary

The market, a dynamic and intricate web of financial transactions, plays a pivotal role in facilitating global trade and economic interactions. Its primary function is to enable the conversion of one currency into another, thereby mitigating the risk of currency fluctuations for businesses and investors. Key drivers of this market include growing urbanization and digitalization, which have expanded trading opportunities to a 24x7 global economy. However, the uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a significant challenge, necessitating effective risk management strategies. The market's evolution reflects the increasing interconnectedness of the global economy. Transactions occur in a decentralized, over-the-counter system, with major trading centers in London, New York, and Tokyo.
Participants include commercial banks, investment banks, hedge funds, and individual investors, all seeking to capitalize on price differences between currencies. Trends shaping the market include the increasing use of automation and artificial intelligence to analyze market data and execute trades. Regulatory changes, such as the introduction of stricter capital requirements, also impact the market's functioning. Looking ahead, the market is expected to remain a vital component of the global financial landscape, with continued growth driven by increased trade and economic interdependence. However, challenges, such as regulatory changes and geopolitical risks, will necessitate adaptability and innovation from market participants.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Foreign Exchange Market Segmented ?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market, a dynamic and ever-evolving financial landscape, is characterized by constant activity and intricate patterns. Participants engage in various trading strategies, employing advanced tools such as stop-loss and take-profit orders on forex trading platforms. Real-time data feeds and order book dynamics facilitate trade execution speed, while market microstructure and slippage minimization techniques ensure efficient transactions. Currency correlation analysis and transaction cost analysis are integral to informed decision-making, with backtesting methodologies providing valuable insights. Currency forwards contracts, position sizing techniques, and forex derivatives pricing are essential components of risk management systems. Carry trade strategies, hedging strategies, and interest rate parity are popular tactics employed by market participants.

Algorithmic trading strategies, driven by options pricing models and trading algorithms' efficiency, significantly influence price discovery mechanisms. High-frequency trading and volatility modeling contribute to the market's liquidity risk management, while foreign exchange swaps and currency option valuation help manage risk. The market's complexities necessitate sophisticated risk management systems and intricate order routing optimization. Global payments systems facilitate the smooth transfer of funds, and liquidity risk management remains a critical concern for market participants. According to recent studies, The market is estimated to account for approximately USD6 trillion in daily trading volume, und

United States Trade Balance: European Union data was reported at -15.708 USD bn in Aug 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -17.589 USD bn for Jul 2018. United States Trade Balance: European Union data is updated monthly, averaging -7.341 USD bn from Jan 1993 (Median) to Aug 2018, with 308 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.899 USD bn in Jan 1993 and a record low of -17.589 USD bn in Jul 2018. United States Trade Balance: European Union data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.JA009: Trade Statistics: Census Basis: By Region. Includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom

Prices for DXY Dollar Index including live quotes, historical charts and news. DXY Dollar Index was last updated by Trading Economics this December 2 of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for International Trade: Net trade: Value (goods): Total for the European Union (EU28XTNTVA01CXMLQ) from Q1 1999 to Q4 2019 about EU, Europe, and trade.

Time Period:January 4, 1999, to August 12, 2025 (daily data).

Currencies Covered:Includes major global currencies such as USD (US Dollar), JPY (Japanese Yen), GBP (British Pound), CHF (Swiss Franc), AUD (Australian Dollar), and many others. Some currencies are marked as "N/A," indicating missing or discontinued data (e.g., CYP, EEK, LVL).

Format: CSV file with each row representing a date and columns representing exchange rates for different currencies.

Key Features: Date Column:

The first column lists the date in YYYY-MM-DD format.

Data is provided for almost every business day, with some gaps (e.g., weekends or holidays may be missing).

Exchange Rate Columns:

Each subsequent column represents the exchange rate of EUR to another currency.

Example:

• USD: 1 EUR = 1.1185 USD (as of May 15, 2025).

• JPY: 1 EUR = 163.3 JPY (as of May 15, 2025).

Some currencies (e.g., CYP, MTL) are marked as "N/A," likely due to being obsolete (e.g., Cyprus Pound replaced by EUR in 2008).

Notable Currencies Included:

Americas: USD, CAD, BRL, MXN.

• Asia-Pacific: JPY, CNY, AUD, INR, KRW.

• Europe: GBP, CHF, SEK, NOK, DKK, PLN, HUF, RON.

• Others: ZAR (South African Rand), TRY (Turkish Lira), RUB (Russian Ruble).

Data Completeness:

Most currencies have continuous data, but some (e.g., HRK, RUB) show "N/A," possibly due to geopolitical or economic reasons (e.g., sanctions affecting RUB).

The dataset does not include metadata (e.g., source, methodology), but it resembles European Central Bank (ECB) reference rates.

Potential Use Cases: - Currency Trend Analysis: Track EUR fluctuations against USD, GBP, or JPY over time.

• Forex Trading Insights: Identify patterns or volatility in exchange rates.

• Economic Research: Correlate exchange rates with macroeconomic events (e.g., policy changes, crises).

Missing Data Handling: Investigate gaps (e.g., TRY vs. TRL transition, where TRL was replaced by TRY in 2005).

Limitations:

• Frequency: Daily data might not suffice for high-frequency trading analysis.

• Missing Data: Some currencies are incomplete or discontinued.

• No Volume Information: Only exchange rates are provided, not trade volumes.

Daily open, high, low, close and mid EUR/USD rates with monthly and yearly summaries.

The US dollar index of November 10, 2025 was lower than it was in October 2025, although still above the level in June 2025, the lowest value in the current year. This reveals itself in a historical graphic on the past 50 years, measuring the relative strength of the U.S. dollar. This metric is different from other FX graphics that compare the U.S. dollar against other currencies. By October 1, 2025, the DXY index was around 97.66 points. The history of the DXY Index The index shown here – often referred to with the code DXY or USDX -measures the value of the U.S. dollar compared to a basket of six other foreign currencies. This basket includes the euro, the Swiss franc, the Japanese yen, the Canadian dollar, the British pound, and the Swedish króna. The index was created in 1973, after the arrival of the petrodollar and the dissolution of the Bretton Woods Agreement. Today, most of these currencies remain connected to the United States' largest trade partners. The relevance of the DXY Index The index focuses on trade and the strength of the U.S. dollar against specific currencies. It's less about inflation or devaluation, which is measured in alternative metrics like the Big Mac Index. Indeed, as the methodology behind the DXY Index has only been updated once – when the euro arrived in 1999 – some argue this composition is not accurate to the current state of the world. The price development of the U.S. dollar affects many things, including commodity prices in general.