The value of loans In the Euro Area increased 2.20 percent in June of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Private Credit Growth - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

As of October 2024, the volume of corporate loans in the eurozone was slightly higher than in the previous year. The monthly year-on-year change of corporate loans in the Euro area fluctuated significantly since January 2006, reaching negative growth rates in various occasions during the economic crisis of 2007.

Loans to Private Sector In the Euro Area increased to 5251455 EUR Million in June from 5228393 EUR Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Loans to Private Sector - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about European Union Domestic Credit Growth

• European Union Domestic Credit increased 2.7 % YoY in Dec 2024, compared with an increase of 0.7 % YoY in the previous month
• EU Domestic Credit Growth YoY data is updated monthly
• It averaged 5.2 %, available from Sep 1998 to Dec 2024
• The data reached an all-time high of 15.0 % in Oct 2007 and a record low of -6.2 % in Dec 2013

CEIC calculates monthly Domestic Credit Growth from monthly Domestic Credit. The International Monetary Fund provides Domestic Credit in EUR. Domestic Credit Growth prior to December 2002 is based on an older methodology

The total value of loans and advances to households granted by banks in the European Union is expected to have a higher growth rate than business loans in 2023. Loans and advances to non-financial corporations are estimated to have reached a growth rate of *** percent in 2023, while the projected growth of household lending that year was *** percent. By 2024, loans to households in the EU are expected to reach nearly *** trillion euros.

Graph and download economic data for Total Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector, Adjusted for Breaks, for Euro Area (QXMPAM770A) from Q1 1999 to Q4 2024 about adjusted, credits, Euro Area, nonfinancial, sector, Europe, and private.

Private Sector Credit In the Euro Area increased to 13680682 EUR Million in June from 13634547 EUR Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Private Sector Credit - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In November of 2024, the volume of consumer loans in the Euro area was over three percent higher than in the same month of the previous year. The year-on-year change in consumer loans fluctuated significantly since January 2006. In early 2020, the growth in consumer loans decreased sharply due to the start of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Key information about European Union Total Loans Growth

• European Union Total Loans Growth was reported at 3.91 % in Jan 2025
• This records an increase from the previous number of 3.10 % for Dec 2024
• European Union Total Loans Growth data is updated monthly, averaging 3.56 % from Sep 1998 to Jan 2025, with 317 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 13.37 % in Oct 2007 and a record low of -6.36 % in Oct 2009
• European Union Total Loans Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Total Loans: Y-o-Y Growth: Monthly

CEIC calculates monthly Total Loans Growth from monthly Total Loans. Total Loans are calculated as the sum of loans to Insurance Corp and Pension Funds, Other Financial Intermediaries, Households, Non Financial Sector, Govenment and Non Euro Area Residents. European Central Bank provides loans to Insurance Corp and Pension Funds, Other Financial Intermediaries, Households, Non Financial Sector, Govenment and Non Euro Area Residents in EUR. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Total Loans Growth covers lenders as MFIs, which include Central Bank. Total Loans Growth includes interbank loans.

Banks are expected to keep increasing the supply of loans and advances to households in the European Union. By 2024, the value of outstanding lending to households is forecast to reach over *** trillion euros. In 2022, the total value of household credit owned by banks was **** trillion euros. Meanwhile, Greece and Denmark were some of the European countries with the lowest expected growth rates in household lending in 2022.

Consumer Credit In the Euro Area increased to 793127 EUR Million in June from 790192 EUR Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Consumer Credit - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate In the Euro Area was last recorded at 2.15 percent. This dataset provides - Euro Area Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unternehmensfinanzierung. Nutzung von Krediten. Schwierigkeiten bei Kreditaufnahme. Vorgehen von Kreditinstituten in Bezug auf Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten. Finanzierungsberatung. Themen: Finanzielle Situation des Unternehmens; 3-Jahres Plan; wichtigste Maßnahmen zur Festigung des Unternehmens: qualifizierte Mitarbeiter, der Branche angepasstere soziale und steuerliche Bestimmungen, größere Produktionskapazität, einfacher Zugang zu Finanzierungsmitteln, strengere Regulierung der Konkurrenz aus Nicht-EU-Ländern, Beratung und Unterstützung für die Unternehmensentwicklung; Inanspruchnahme finanzieller Leistungen (Dispositionskredit, Leasing/Mieten, Diskont/Factoring, Kapitalerhöhung für Wagniskapitalfonds und für Privatpersonen, (Kurz-)Darlehen, öffentliche Fördermittel); Höhe des letzten Kreditantrags; Verwendungsabsicht für den Kredit; Schwierigkeiten einen Kredit unter 250.000 Euro zu bekommen im Vergleich zu anderen Finanzierungsformen; Gründe für Kreditaufnahme (niedrigere Zinssätze, einfacherer Bewilligungsvorgang, geringere Anforderung auf Kreditsicherheit, kürzere Bearbeitungszeit für Kreditbewilligung); Einschätzung der Unternehmensfinanzierung als ausreichend für Projektrealisierung; primäre Anlaufstellen für den Erhalt von Finanzmitteln; Erschließungsmöglichkeiten für Kapital um finanzielle Bedürfnisse des Unternehmens zu erfüllen; Wege für die Kapitalerschließung des Unternehmens; Einschätzung der Schwierigkeit heutzutage einen Kredit bei Banken zu bekommen im Vergleich zu früher; Gründe, warum es heutzutage schwieriger ist einen Kredit bei einer Bank zu bekommen; Einstellung zu: Kreditabhängigkeit bei Durchführung von Projekten, nicht auf die Belange des Unternehmens zugeschnittene Angebote der Banken; geringe Risikobereitschaft von Banken bei Kreditvergabe; Verständnis für die spezifischen Belange der eigenen Branche durch den zuständigen Bankangestellten; ausreichende Unterstützung bei der Finanzierung durch die Bank; Beurteilung des firmeninternen Finanzmanagements; primäre Anlaufstelle für Finanzierungsberatung. Demographie: Angaben zum Unternehmen: Anzahl der Mitarbeiter, Entwicklung der Anzahl der Beschäftigten seit 2004, Unternehmensgröße, Hauptgeschäftsfeld des Unternehmens, Gründungsjahr, Aktienanteil des Unternehmens; Jahresumsatz des Unternehmens im letzten Geschäftsjahr. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Land; Befragten-ID; Interviewsprache; Gewichtungsfaktor. Access to finance of small and medium enterprises. Topics: development of the following indicators in the last six months: turnover, profit, profit margin, level of debt, cash flow, investment, level of exports, research and development, market share; existence of a development plan for the next three years; most important element to ensure the company’s development: better qualified people on the market, social and fiscal regulations more suited to the sector of activity, greater production capacity, easy access to means of financing, stricter regulation regarding competition from outside the EU, advice and support service for the development of the company; use of selected types of financing in the past: overdraft, leasing or renting, discount or factoring, increase in capital dedicated to venture capital funds or to private individuals, loans shorter or longer than a 3-year term, public subsidies; approximate amount of last loan; recent request for a loan less than 25000 €; needs to be met by this loan; assessment of the difficulties to obtain a loan less than 25000 € compared to other forms of company’s financing; most important elements to resort a loan less than 25000 €: lower interest rates, simpler procedures for granting loans, less demanding on guarantee requirements, shorter delays for granting loans; assessment of the current financing of the company as sufficient; institutions contacted to obtain financing: banks, public institutions, private financing companies, leasing or renting companies, venture capital companies, private investors; expectations regarding the increase of the company’s capital within the next years; measures to increase the company’s capital: opening-up capital to private individual investors or to venture capital companies, management buy-out, going on the stock exchange, opening-up capital to the company’s employees; assessment of the access to bank loans as easy; assessment of the development of the impediments to access bank loans compared to a few years ago; reasons that impede obtaining a bank loan compared to a few years ago: interest rates are too high, banks request too much information, loan granting procedures are too long, administrative side of the loan application is very demanding; approval of the following statements: loan is needed to conclude projects, unsuitable offers from banks, risk-averseness of banks, banker understands specifics of the company’s sector, banker sufficiently supports the company in terms of its financing; assessment how the company’s needs regarding financial management are met internally; preferred sources of information on financing. Demography: information about the company: number of employees, development of the number of employees since 2004; company size; main activity of the company; year of company establishment; shareholding of the company; turnover of the company in the own country in the last fiscal year. Additionally coded was: country; respondent ID; language of the interview; weighting factor.

The credit card market in the CEE region has seen growth over time, when together with its accelerating relationship with Western Europe, the demand for a variety of financial services on the market has also increased. The payment cards sector has been among the first to grow, but the dynamic of that growth was different in different countries. For many markets listed, the regulatory and financial support afforded by the European Union membership provided strong potential for sustained credit card market growth. For example, for Czechia, the penetration of credit cards was ** percent in 2019. However, a relatively high penetration (in the context of the region) was also observed in two of the non-EU economies of the region: Russia and Ukraine.

Credit card ownership in Europe

In 2017, the share of the adult population in European countries with a credit card varied between eight percent in Albania to as high as ** percent in Norway. Using a credit card allows the cardholder to pay for goods and services with the agreed promise to the card issuer that they will repay the amount borrowed either in installments or as a single payment. In Europe, the main form of electronic payment is using a debit card.

Card payments in Europe

In Europe, the rise in payment cards has continued to go from strength to strength. As of 2018 (excluding the UK), the number of card payments in Europe was almost 55 billion. 2016 saw the highest annual increase in card payments in Europe.

Access to finance of small and medium enterprises.
Topics: development of the following indicators in the last six months: turnover, profit, profit margin, level of debt, cash flow, investment, level of exports, research and development, market share; existence of a development plan for the next three years; most important element to ensure the company’s development: better qualified people on the market, social and fiscal regulations more suited to the sector of activity, greater production capacity, easy access to means of financing, stricter regulation regarding competition from outside the EU, advice and support service for the development of the company; use of selected types of financing in the past: overdraft, leasing or renting, discount or factoring, increase in capital dedicated to venture capital funds or to private individuals, loans shorter or longer than a 3-year term, public subsidies; approximate amount of last loan; recent request for a loan less than 25000 €; needs to be met by this loan; assessment of the difficulties to obtain a loan less than 25000 € compared to other forms of company’s financing; most important elements to resort a loan less than 25000 €: lower interest rates, simpler procedures for granting loans, less demanding on guarantee requirements, shorter delays for granting loans; assessment of the current financing of the company as sufficient; institutions contacted to obtain financing: banks, public institutions, private financing companies, leasing or renting companies, venture capital companies, private investors; expectations regarding the increase of the company’s capital within the next years; measures to increase the company’s capital: opening-up capital to private individual investors or to venture capital companies, management buy-out, going on the stock exchange, opening-up capital to the company’s employees; assessment of the access to bank loans as easy; assessment of the development of the impediments to access bank loans compared to a few years ago; reasons that impede obtaining a bank loan compared to a few years ago: interest rates are too high, banks request too much information, loan granting procedures are too long, administrative side of the loan application is very demanding; approval of the following statements: loan is needed to conclude projects, unsuitable offers from banks, risk-averseness of banks, banker understands specifics of the company’s sector, banker sufficiently supports the company in terms of its financing; assessment how the company’s needs regarding financial management are met internally; preferred sources of information on financing.

Demography: information about the company: number of employees, development of the number of employees since 2004; company size; main activity of the company; year of company establishment; shareholding of the company; turnover of the company in the own country in the last fiscal year.

Additionally coded was: country; respondent ID; language of the interview; weighting factor.

The Monetary Intermediation industry has experienced a significant change in recent years. It previously contended with the ultra-low interest rate environment following the financial crisis of 2008 and is now benefitting from aggressive rate rises in the face of spiralling inflation. Industry revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 12.2% over the five years through 2024 to €392.4 billion, including an estimated growth of 3.7% in 2024, while the average industry profit margin is anticipated to be 34.3%. The rising base rate environment allowed lenders to raise the interest charged on their loans, ratcheting up interest income in the two years through 2023 and supporting revenue growth. This was particularly beneficial to retail investors who earn a large chunk of their revenue from lending. However, banks must also contend with rising deposit costs, as customers put pressure to pass on greater savings rates in the rising base rate environment, threatening profitability. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 1.2% over the five years through 2029 to €415.5 billion, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to reach 36.3%. Challenger banks are set to chip away at demand for traditional lenders as they emphasise the customer experience and personalised services. Profitability will also be hit by intensifying deposit competition in the coming years.

Attitudes towards the Euro one year after its introduction. Topics: Personal difficulties in dealing with the euro; tendency towards calculating high quality and everyday acquisitions in euros or the former national currency; desire for a continual or expanded dual pricing of products; assessment of one´s own difficulties in dealing with cash in the form of coins as well as notes; satisfaction with the denomination of the euro coins; preferred value of dispensable coins and bills; wish for a five euro coin; difficulties due to country-specific designs in euro-countries; wish for one or two euro bank notes; change in one’s own purchasing behaviour since the introduction of the euro due to frivolous spending: preference of disadvantages for consumers by converting into euros; perception of additional charges when using credit cards in other countries of the euro zone; expected development due to my introduction of the euro: development to an international currency similar to the dollar, price stability in the euro zone, elimination of differences in price among countries; travelling within the euro zone in 2002; mainly used currency on trips; advantages of the introduction of the euro; integrative function of the euro, assessment of the introduction of the euro as a historical event; state of information on the euro; desire for additional information about the common currency: exchange rate, regulations for rounding up and down prices, coin design, different values of coins and notes, time of the disappearance of dual pricing, elimination of exchange rates when using cards in other euro-countries; concern regarding the exchange rate of the euro in comparison to the dollar. Demography: Age; sex; age on completion of education; profession; region; degree of urbanisation. Einstellung zum Euro ein Jahr nach seiner Einführung. Themen: Eigene Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit dem Euro; Tendenz zum Rechnen in Euro oder der ehemaligen Landeswährung bei hochwertigen sowie bei alltäglichen Anschaffungen; Wunsch nach fortgesetzter bzw. ausgeweiteter dualer Preisauszeichnung von Produkten; Einschätzung eigener Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit Bargeld in Form von Münzen sowie von Scheinen; Zufriedenheit mit der Stückelung der Euromünzen; präferierter Wertbetrag von entbehrlichen Münzen und Scheinen; Wunsch nach einer Fünf-Euro-Münze; Schwierigkeiten durch länderspezifische Designs der Münzen in den Euroländern; Wunsch nach Ein- sowie Zwei-Euro-Banknoten; Veränderung des eigenen Kaufverhaltens seit der Euro-Einführung durch leichtfertigeres Ausgeben; Bevorzugung bzw. Benachteiligung der Konsumenten bei der Umstellung auf den Euro; Wahrnehmung von Extragebühren bei Kreditkartennutzung in anderen Ländern der Eurozone; erwartete Entwicklung durch die Euro-Einführung: Entwicklung zu einer internationalen Währung ähnlich dem US-Dollar, Preisstabilität in der Eurozone, Wegfall von Preisunterschieden zwischen den Ländern; Reisen außerhalb der Eurozone in 2002; vorwiegend genutzte Währung bei dieser Reise; Vorteilhaftigkeit der Euro-Einführung; Zufriedenheit mit der Euro-Einführung; Integrationsfunktion des Euro; Einschätzung der Euro-Einführung als historischen Vorgang; Informiertheit über den Euro; Wunsch nach ergänzenden Informationen über die gemeinsame Währung: Wechselkurs, Regeln bei Preisab- bzw. aufrundungen, Design der Münzen, unterschiedliche Werte der Scheine und Münzen, Zeitpunkt des Wegfalls der dualen Preisauszeichnung, Wegfall von Extragebühren bei der Nutzung von Bankkarten in anderen Euroländern; Sorge um den Wechselkurs des Euro im Verhältnis zum US-Dollar. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad.

This repository contains the data set and replication files for the paper By a Silken Thread: regional banking integration and credit reallocation during Japan���s lost decade (doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2022.103579) published in the Journal of International Economics. ABSTRACT: Regional banking integration allows credit to be reallocated to regions with high credit demand. Using the natural experiment of Japan's lost decade, we show that this reallocation channel mitigated the real effects from the bank liquidity shock in prefectures with many bank-dependent small firms. We propose an instrument for modern-day regional banking integration that exploits the fact that regional segmentation of banking markets in Japan goes back to the institutions set up for silk export finance in the late 19th century. We illustrate how the difference between the OLS and IV estimates can provide information about unobserved cross-regional heterogeneity in bank-firm matches when only aggregate regional data is available. Our results highlight that well-integrated banking markets are important and complementary to bond markets in limiting macroeconomic asymmetries in a monetary union, in particular during major financial crises. This repo is a copy of the files deposited on the Zurich Open Research Archive (ZORA) under https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-69211 Since ZORA is mainly a repo for last author versions of papers and data sets and code are hard to maintain there, the aim of this zenodo repo is to ensure easy maintenance of the replication files of this project in the future.

In July 2022, the overall volume of household loans in the Eurozone was 4.46 percent higher than 12 months earlier. The year-on-year change of household loans has fluctuated a lot since January 2006. However, the household lending has increased at a rather stable rate since 2016. This segment includes all lending and credit extended to households, such as mortgages, consumer loans, car financing, etc.

Europe Real Time Payments Market size was valued at USD 6.59 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 16.32 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 12% from 2026 to 2032.

Europe Real Time Payments Market Drivers

Digital Banking Adoption Growth: The rapid use of digital banking is increasing real-time payment usage throughout Europe. As of 2023, digital banking penetration in the EU was 72%, up from 58% in 2021, with mobile banking transactions increasing by 64%. A significant 89% of customers now favor instant payment methods. This trend toward digital solutions is pushing real-time payment adoption due to increased customer demand for speed, convenience, and 24-hour access to financial services, as well as a growing preference for seamless, instant transactions across mobile platforms.

Cross-Border Trade Expansion: The expansion of cross-border trade within the EU is increasing the demand for real-time payment solutions. In 2023, intra-EU cross-border transactions increased by 32% to €7.8 trillion, while SEPA Instant Credit Transfer (SCT Inst) volumes increased by 85%, processing over 1.2 billion transactions. This growth is driven by the demand for faster, more efficient payment systems that can handle the growing volume of international trade, allowing firms to receive instant settlement while lowering the delays and costs associated with existing payment methods.

Small Business Digitalization: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly using real-time payments to improve cash flow management. According to the EU's SME Performance Review 2023, 68% of SMEs currently use digital payment systems, with real-time payment adoption increasing by 56% per year. According to the European Central Bank's report, SMEs who use real-time payments improved their working capital management by 34% and reduced payment processing expenses by 28%. This trend is motivated by the demand for faster payments to boost liquidity, optimize financial operations, and minimize the time and cost associated with traditional payment processing.