Wages In the Euro Area increased 3.40 percent in March of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Wage Growth - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Negotiated Wage Growth In the Euro Area decreased to 2.38 percent in the first quarter of 2025 from 4.12 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Negotiated Wage Growth.

Nominal wage growth in both the European Union and the Euro currency area (comprising ** of the ** EU members) reached a record high in the second quarter of **, when wages increased by *** and *** percent respectively. This trend continued during 2023, with a wage increase of *** and *** percent during the third quarter of **. Nominal wage growth is the increase in wages compared to the same period the previous year in nominal values - i.e. in monetary values unadjusted for inflation. As inflation in Europe increase faster than nominal wages during this period, this in fact meant that real wages (increases adjusted for inflation) fell.

Real wages in the Eurozone showed a negative trend for the second year in a row, as high inflation caused the real value of wages to decline by almost *** percent. Real wage growth is measured by adjusting nominal wage growth - that is, the growth of wages in monetary values - for inflation, or changes in the average price of the basket of goods. This means that in 2023, a worker would be able to buy *** percent less than they would have in 2022, assuming their wages grew by the *** percent nominal wage growth which was seen across the Eurozone in 2023.

Wages in European Union increased 4.20 percent in March of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - European Union Wage Growth- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This statistic shows a forecast for the development of the real wages in the member states of the European Union in 2024. In 2024, the real wages in Romania are forecasted to increase by 5.9 percent compared to the previous year.

This dataset provides values for WAGE GROWTH reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The ECB wage tracker is the result of a Eurosystem partnership currently comprising the European Central Bank and seven euro area National Central Banks: Deutsche Bundesbank, Bank of Greece, Banco de España, Banque de France, Banca d’Italia, De Nederlandsche Bank, and Osterreichische Nationalbank. It is based on a highly granular database of active collective bargaining agreements for Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Austria. Netherlands, and Austria. The wage tracker should be considered as only one of many possible sources that can help to assess wage pressures in the euro area. These are not wage growth forecasts, as they only indicate wage pressures that mechanically arise from the collective bargaining agreements already in place. The Eurosystem and ECB staff macroeconomic projections remain the most comprehensive assessment of the wage outlook for the euro area.

According to European Commission forecasts, ******** will achieve the highest real wages and salary growth in 2025 (+*** percent), followed Romania and Lithuania.

Graph and download economic data for Labor Compensation: Earnings: Manufacturing: Hourly for Euro Area (19 Countries) (LCEAMN01EZA659S) from 1997 to 2024 about compensation, Euro Area, earnings, Europe, hours, and manufacturing.

Net annual earnings for a single earner family with two children in the European Union have increased from 25,434 euros in 2013 to 33,939 euros over the period from 2013 to 2023. Net earnings received a boost during the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021, in spite of gross earnings decreasing in 2020, due to reduced taxes and increased family allowances.

Disposable Personal Income In the Euro Area increased to 2373211 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 2351840 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Disposable Personal Income - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Germany had an average salary of 65.7 thousand U.S dollars per year in 2023, the highest among the five largest European economies. Germany has consistently had the highest wages in Europe over the last thirty years. Many countries in Europe experienced a significant decrease in their average wage level following the global financial crisis of 2008, with France and Germany bucking this trend by retaining robust wage growth. While British wages have stagnated since the crash, only surpassing their 2007 level in 2019, Italian and Spanish wages have in fact fallen, driven by the macroeconomic troubles of these countries since the Eurozone crisis.

According to European Commission forecasts, ******** will achieve the highest nominal wages and salary growth in 2025 (+**** percent), followed by Romania and Hungary.

The country with the highest minimum wage rate in Europe during the first half of 2025 was Luxembourg, with a minimum wage of 2638 euros. Ireland, the Netherlands, and Germany were the countries with the next highest minimum wages, all above 2000 euros a month, while Albania, Bulgaria, and Montenegro had the lowest minimum wages in the same period.

Research Hypothesis

The central hypothesis of this study is that economic growth, as represented by Romania's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), significantly impacts income inequality, measured using the GINI index. Specifically:

Null Hypothesis (H₀): There is no statistically significant relationship between GDP and the GINI index in Romania from 2006 to 2021. This implies that changes in GDP do not influence income inequality.
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): There is a statistically significant negative relationship between GDP and the GINI index in Romania from 2006 to 2021. This suggests that as GDP increases, income inequality decreases.

Data Description and Collection

The study relies on secondary data sourced from the World Bank Open Database. Two primary variables were used:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
  Representing Romania's economic output, GDP was measured in constant USD to account for inflation. It reflects the total value of goods and services produced within the country each year.
  This variable serves as the independent variable, influencing income inequality.

GINI Index:
  The GINI index quantifies income inequality on a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 represents perfect equality and 100 represents maximum inequality.
  This variable acts as the dependent variable, influenced by changes in GDP.

The dataset spans 2006 to 2021, providing a comprehensive view of Romania’s economic and social landscape during its post-European Union (EU) accession period. Methodology Linear Regression Analysis

To test the relationship between GDP and the GINI index, a simple linear regression model was constructed.

Diagnostic Checks

Several diagnostic tests were conducted to validate the regression model:

Residual Analysis: Checked for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test.
Homoscedasticity: Assessed using the Breusch-Pagan test to verify constant variance in residuals.
Autocorrelation: Evaluated using the Durbin-Watson test to detect correlations in residuals over time.

Findings Model Results

Correlation Coefficient (R): 0.739

  F-Statistic: 16.850 (p = 0.001)
  Indicates that the overall model is statistically significant at a 1% level, reinforcing the relationship between GDP and the GINI index.

GDP Coefficient (Unstandardized): -2.472E-11

P-Value for GDP Coefficient: 0.001
  Demonstrates that the relationship between GDP and the GINI index is statistically significant.

Diagnostic Test Results

Homoscedasticity: The Breusch-Pagan test identified evidence of heteroscedasticity (p = 0.033), indicating non-constant variance in residuals.
Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson statistic (1.126) revealed some positive autocorrelation in residuals, suggesting temporal patterns in unexplained factors.

In the second quarter of 2024, the real disposable income of households in the European Union grew by *** percent compared to the previous quarter.

Real wage development refers to the inflation-adjusted growth in wages, indicating the amount of goods and services individuals can purchase compared to the previous year. Over the observed period, the highest growth rate of real wages in Hungary was recorded in 2024, marking a 7.3 percent increase compared to the preceding year. Changes in consumer prices  Hungary has recorded peaking inflation rates over the past years, surpassing all EU countries. The change in consumer prices affected different commodity groups to a varying extent. As of August 2023, electricity, gas, and other fuels, as well as other goods such as motor fuels and lubricants, recorded the highest inflation rates, reaching a year-over-year price increase of 35 percent and 20 percent, respectively. Over the same period, food prices increased by 19.5 percent in the country. How large is the gender pay gap in Hungary?  The gender wage gap is the difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and women across all sectors. Despite the significant steps taken toward achieving gender equality, there is still a major difference between the hourly earnings of Hungarian men and women. In 2022, men earned 17.5 percent more than women working in Hungary, which represented a significantly larger gender pay gap than the average of the European Union.

In December 2024, the inflation rate for food in the European Union (EU) reached 2.4 percent compared to the same month the year prior. Starting in the beginning of 2022, food prices started to rise rapidly. In March 2023, the food inflation rate in the EU reached its peak at 19.19 percent. Since April 2023, the rate started to decrease. Food inflation in Europe One of the main drivers of the increase in consumer prices was the rapid rise in energy prices. In the energy sector, the harmonized index of consumer prices inflation of the EU, a concept to measure and compare inflation internationally, was at 41.1 percent in June 2022, whereas the other categories were all below 10 percent. In Germany, the year-on-year consumer price index development for food and beverages was at 12.33 percent in the year 2023, just a slight dip from the all-time high of 12.51 percent in 2022. By 2024, this had dropped to 1.92 percent. There are a number of ways in which European consumers are trying to save on food costs due to rising prices. The most popular way to deal with the rising food prices is to reduce at-home food waste. An average of about half of consumers in selected European countries stated that this is how they responded to the price increases. Other popular ways were to buy only the essentials or to purchase mostly store brands. Food inflation worldwide In 2022, Europe and Central Asia were the regions with the highest food inflation rates worldwide. The rate of food inflation in those regions was about 18 percent in 2022, which is more than twice as high as it was in the previous year. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the food inflation rate rose from 5.4 to 11.9 percent during the same period. When categorized by income classification, low-income countries have significantly higher food price inflation, as compared to lower-middle-, upper-middle-, and high-income countries. On average, low-income countries had a food price inflation rate of about 30 percent in 2023. The world average rate was at 6.5 percent. Zimbabwe was the country with the highest level of real food inflation worldwide. The southern African country experienced a food inflation of approximately 46 percent in 2024. This was more than two times as high as in any other country in the world.

This article analyzes the impact of tax policy on income inequality in the European Union (EU). Each EU member-state has adopted a distinct set of fiscal policies. Although most member-states have coordinated their tax systems to promote economic growth, EU countries hold politically divergent views about income inequality and the power of taxation to redress inequality. This research applies linear regression methods incorporating regularization as well as fixed and random effects. Stacking generalization produces a composite model that dramatically improves predictive accuracy while aggregating causal inferences from simpler models. Social contributions, income taxes, and consumption taxes ameliorate inequality. Government spending, however, exacerbates inequality.